RESUMEN
Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) is an important herbal plant with hundreds of bioactive chemicals, among which perillaldehyde and rosmarinic acid are the two major bioactive compounds in the plant. The leaves of red perilla are used as traditional Kampo medicine or food ingredients. However, the medicinal and nutritional uses of this plant could be improved by enhancing the production of valuable metabolites through the manipulation of key enzymes or regulatory genes using genome editing technology. Here, we generated a high-quality genome assembly of red perilla domesticated in Japan. A near-complete chromosome-level assembly of P. frutescens was generated contigs with N50 of 41.5 Mb from PacBio HiFi reads. 99.2% of the assembly was anchored into 20 pseudochromosomes, among which seven pseudochromosomes consisted of one contig, while the rest consisted of less than six contigs. Gene annotation and prediction of the sequences successfully predicted 86,258 gene models, including 76,825 protein-coding genes. Further analysis showed that potential targets of genome editing for the engineering of anthocyanin pathways in P. frutescens are located on the late-stage pathways. Overall, our genome assembly could serve as a valuable reference for selecting target genes for genome editing of P. frutescens.
Asunto(s)
Lamiaceae , Perilla frutescens , Perilla , Perilla frutescens/genética , Perilla frutescens/química , Perilla frutescens/metabolismo , Perilla/genética , Perilla/química , Japón , Lamiaceae/genética , Anotación de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
Rapamycin induces autophagy with lipid remodeling in yeast and mammalian cells. To investigate the lipid biosynthesis of Euglena gracilis, rapamycin was supplemented in comparison with two model algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Cyanidioschyzon merolae. In Euglena, rapamycin induced the reduction of chlorophylls and the accumulation of neutral lipids without deterring its cell proliferation. Its lipidomic profile revealed that the fatty acid composition did not alter by supplementing rapamycin. In Chlamydomonas, however, rapamycin induced serious growth inhibition as reported elsewhere. With a lower concentration of rapamycin, the alga accumulated neutral lipids without reducing chlorophylls. In Cyanidioschyzon, rapamycin did not increase neutral lipids but reduced its chlorophyll content. We also tested fatty acid elongase inhibitors such as pyroxasulfone or flufenacet in Euglena with no significant change in its neutral lipid contents. In summary, controlled supplementation of rapamycin can increase the yield of neutral lipids while the scheme is not always applicable for other algal species.