Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of flaxseed oil liposomes coated with chitosan and pea protein isolate hydrolysates.

The effect of layer-by-layer coating of liposomes with chitosan and pea protein isolate hydrolysates (PPIH) was evaluated. Traditional flaxseed oil liposomes (FL Lipo) were used as a model for comparison to liposomes coated with chitosan and PPIH (FL LipoCP). The potential of PPIH as a coating material was evaluated. Additionally, the influence of chitosan and PPIH on vesicle size and zeta potential of liposomes was investigated. The chitosan layer of liposomes exhibited a loose structure. After the second layer of coating with PPIH, chitosan molecules were rearranged on the liposome surface, leading to a more compact and dense shell structure of liposomes. Electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions favored the stability of FL LipoCP. Compared to FL Lipo, FL LipoCP displayed higher oxidation stability during storage and a slower release of flaxseed oil during in vitro digestion.

Effects of enzymatic free fatty acid reduction process on the composition and phytochemicals of rice bran oil.

The effects of enzymatic free fatty acid reduction process (EFFARP) on the composition and phytochemicals of dewaxed and degummed rice bran oil (DDRBO) were investigated and compared with the effects observed using internal acyl acceptors. The acid value of DDRBO was effectively decreased from 16.99 mg KOH/g to approximately 0.36 mg KOH/g by EFFARP. EFFARP significantly decreased the moisture content and peroxide value of DDRBO and increased the induction period. The Sn-2 fatty acid comoposition of DDRBO after EFFARP was very reaching the total fatty acid composition. EFFARP significantly increased the triacylglycerol content compared to the control, while the oryzanol content was not obviously affected. The contents of free sterol, and total tocopherol and tocotrienol were increased slightly by EFFARP compared to the control. When conducted under vacuum with added nitrogen, EFFARP shows great application potential in the edible oil industry.

Carboxymethyl chitosan-decorated proliposomes as carriers for improved stability and sustained release of flaxseed oil.

A flaxseed oil carboxymethyl chitosan-decorated proliposome system was fabricated in this research. The physicochemical characteristics, stability, and in vitro release behaviors of flaxseed oil were studied and compared with that of flaxseed oil-loaded liposomes. The results of dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and oxidation stability indicated that the storage stability of proliposomes was better. After 28 days of storage, the peroxide value of flaxseed oil-loaded liposomes (20.1 meq/kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of flaxseed oil-loaded proliposomes (9.0 meq/kg); the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the former (0.53 mmol/kg) was also higher than that in the latter (0.27 mmol/kg). The in vitro release behavior of flaxseed oil indicated the proliposomes were more stable in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Therefore, the flaxseed oil-loaded proliposome system could be a promising vehicle for delivery flaxseed oil in food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A flaxseed oil-loaded proliposome delivery system was fabricated in this research. Their physical and oxidation stability of flaxseed oil were improved, and the in vitro cumulative release of flaxseed oil was delayed compared with flaxseed oil liposomes. This system may provide an effective strategy for the flaxseed oil encapsulation in the food industry.