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Obesity-related functional iron disorder remains a major nutritional challenge. We evaluated the effects of djulis hull (DH) on iron metabolism in 50% high-fat-diet-induced obese rats supplemented with ferric citrate (2 g iron/kg diet) for 12 weeks. DH supplementation (5, 10, 15% dry weight/kg diet) significantly increased serum and hepatic iron but decreased appetite hormones, body weight, hepcidin, and liver inflammation (all p < 0.05). The Spearman correlation showed that appetite hormones were negatively associated with iron but positively correlated with liver hepcidin (all p < 0.05). A Western blot analysis showed that DH significantly downregulated hepatic hepcidin through the IL-6-JAK-STAT3 and enhanced ferroportin (Fpn) via the Keap1-Nrf2 and PHD2-HIF-2α. An in vitro study revealed that major bioactive compounds of DH, hexacosanol, and squalene suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 and hepcidin but enhanced Fpn expression in activated THP-1 cells. In conclusion, DH may exert nutraceutical properties for the treatment of functional iron disorder and restoration of iron efflux may have beneficial effects on weight control.
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Hepcidinas , Interleucina-6 , Ratas , Animales , Hepcidinas/genética , Hepcidinas/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Hierro/metabolismo , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/etiología , Suplementos Dietéticos , HormonasRESUMEN
Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus both contain unique polyphenols called phlorotannins. Phlorotannins reportedly possess various pharmacological activities. A previous study reported that the activity of phlorotannin is strongly correlated with the normalization of metabolic function, and phlorotannins are extremely promising nutrients for use in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. To date, no study has explored the antihyperlipidemic effects of phlorotannins from A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus in animal models. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of phlorotannins using a rat model of high-energy diet (HED)-induced hyperlipidemia. The results showed that the rats that were fed an HED and treated with phlorotannin-rich extract from A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus had significantly lower serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG) and free fatty acids (FFAs) levels and hepatic TG level and had higher serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and lipase activity in their fat tissues than in the case with the rats that were fed the HED alone. A histopathological analysis revealed that phlorotannin-rich extract could significantly reduce the size of adipocytes around the epididymis. In addition, the rats treated with phlorotannin-rich extract had significantly lowered interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities than did those in the HED group. These results suggested that the phlorotannin-rich extract stimulated lipid metabolism and may have promoted lipase activity in rats with HED-induced hyperlipidemia. Our results indicated that A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus, marine algae typically used as health foods, have strong antihyperlipidemic effects and may, therefore, be useful for preventing atherosclerosis. These algae may be incorporated into antihyperlipidemia pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
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Ascophyllum , Fucus , Hiperlipidemias , Enfermedades Metabólicas , Masculino , Ratas , Animales , Ascophyllum/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperlipidemias/etiología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Dieta , Lipasa/metabolismo , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Colesterol/metabolismoRESUMEN
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting the exocrine glands; it has a major impact on patients' lives. The Chinese herbal formula SS-1 is composed of Gan Lu Yin, Sang Ju Yin, and Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, which exerts anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antifibrotic effects. Our previous study demonstrated that SS-1 alleviates clinical SS. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the Chinese herbal formula SS-1 for salivary gland protein-induced experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS). These results showed that ESS treatment with the Chinese herbal formula SS-1 (1500 mg/kg) significantly alleviated the severity of ESS. We found that SS-1 substantially improved saliva flow rates in SS mice and ameliorated lymphocytic infiltrations in submandibular glands. In addition, salivary gland protein-induced SS in mice treated with SS-1 significantly lowered proinflammatory cytokines (including IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A) in mouse salivary glands and decreased serum anti-M3R autoantibody levels. In addition, we found that CD4+ T cells isolated from SS-1-treated SS mice significantly reduced the percentages of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells (Th1) and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17). Our data show that SS-1 alleviates ESS through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which provides new insight into the clinical treatment of SS.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism. METHODS: At 9 weeks of age, rats (n = 40) were given an ovariectomy, eight of which were sham-operated to serve as a control group (S). We then divided OVX rats into four different intervention groups: diet with 5% soybean oil (C), and diet with 5% (L), 15% (M), and 20% (H) (w/w) experimental oil, containing 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and with a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 5. RESULTS: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic triglyceride level and FAS enzyme activity, and higher hepatic ACO and CPT-1 gene expressions and enzyme activities. CONCLUSIONS: An OVX leads to severe weight gain and lipid metabolism abnormalities, while according to previous studies, high fat diet may worsen the situation. However, during our experiment, we discovered that the experimental oil mixture with 60% MUFAs and P/S = 5 may ameliorate these imbalances.
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Tejido Adiposo , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Animales , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Ácido Graso Sintasas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Insulina/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Hígado/metabolismo , Ovariectomía , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Aceite de Soja/administración & dosificación , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
High birth weight indicates the future risk of obesity and increased fat mass in childhood. Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or overweight are powerful predictors of high birth weight. Studies on probiotic supplementation during pregnancy have reported its benefits in modulating gut microbiota composition and improving glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women. Therefore, probiotic intervention during pregnancy was proposed to interrupt the transmission of obesity from mothers to newborns. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of probiotic intervention in pregnant women with GDM or overweight on newborn birth weight. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to 18 December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pregnant women with GDM or overweight who received probiotic intervention during pregnancy with those receiving placebo were eligible for the analysis. Newborn birth weights were pooled to calculate the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Two reviewers assessed the trial quality and extracted data independently. Seven RCTs involving 1093 participants were included in the analysis. Compared with the placebo, probiotics had little effect on newborn birth weight of pregnant women with GDM or overweight (mean difference = -10.27, 95% CI = -90.17 to 69.63, p = 0.801). The subgroup analysis revealed that probiotic intake by women with GDM decreased newborn birth weight, whereas probiotic intake by obese pregnant women increased newborn birth weight. Thus, no evidence indicates that probiotic intake by pregnant women with GDM or overweight can control newborn birth weight.
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Peso al Nacer , Diabetes Gestacional/dietoterapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of conditions and associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Edible mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries and are valuable components of the diet because of their attractive taste, aroma, and nutritional value. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low-fat content and a transisomer of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fiber content, biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides or polysaccharide ß-glucans, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols and terpenoids. In vitro experiments, animal models, and even human studies have demonstrated not only fresh edible mushroom but also mushroom extract that has great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as antiobesity, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic effect. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods and drugs. The focus of this report was to provide a concise and complete review of the novel medicinal properties of fresh or dry mushroom and extracts, fruiting body or mycelium and its extracts, fiber, polysaccharides, beta-glucan, triterpenes, fucoidan, ergothioneine from edible mushrooms that may help to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
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Agaricales , Síndrome Metabólico , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
Moderate to severe psoriasis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, adversely affects patients' lives. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an effective immunomodulator, is used to treat psoriasis. CsA is ineffective at low doses and toxic at high doses. Acarbose (Acar), a common antidiabetic drug with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, reduces imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis severity. Combinations of systemic drugs are generally more efficacious and safer than higher doses of single drugs. We observed that mice treated with a combination of Acar (250 mg/kg) and low-dose CsA (10 or 20 mg/kg) exhibited significantly milder IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and smoother back skin than those treated with Acar (250 mg/kg), low-dose CsA (10 or 20 mg/kg), or IMQ alone. The combination therapy significantly reduced serum and skin levels of Th17-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23) and the Th1-related cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with Acar, low-dose CsA, and IMQ alone. Additionally, the combination therapy significantly reduced the percentages of IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4+ T-cells (Th17 and Th22 cells, respectively) and increased that of Treg cells. Our data suggested that Acar and low-dose CsA in combination alleviates psoriatic skin lesions by inhibiting inflammation. The findings provide new insights into the effects of immunomodulatory drugs in psoriasis treatment.
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Acarbosa/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Ciclosporina/efectos adversos , Imiquimod/efectos adversos , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Acarbosa/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Ciclosporina/farmacología , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Quimioterapia Combinada , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Psoriasis/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Obesity has become an epidemic worldwide. It is a complex metabolic disorder associated with many serious complications and high morbidity. Rice bran is a nutrient-dense by product of the rice milling process. Asia has the world's highest rice production (90% of the world's rice production); therefore, rice bran is inexpensive in Asian countries. Moreover, the high nutritional value of the rice bran suggests its potential as a food supplement promoting health improvements, such as enhancing brain function, lowering blood pressure, and regulating pancreatic secretion. The present study evaluated the anti-obesity effect of rice bran in rats with high-energy diet (HED)-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into one of five diet groups (n = 10 per group) and fed the following for eight weeks: Normal diet with vehicle treatment, HED with vehicle, rice bran-0.5X (RB-0.5X) (2% wt/wt rice bran), RB-1.0X (4% wt/wt rice bran), and RB-2.0X (8% wt/wt rice bran). Rice bran (RB-1.0X and RB-2.0X groups) markedly reduced obesity, including body weight and adipocyte size. In addition, treating rats with HED-induced obesity using rice bran significantly reduced the serum uric acid and glucose as well as the liver triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Furthermore, administration of an HED to obese rats significantly affected hepatic lipid homeostasis by increasing phosphotidylcholine (PC; 18:2/22:6), diacylglycerol (DG; 18:2/16:0), DG (18:2/18:1), DG (18:1/16:0), cholesteryl ester (CE; 20:5), CE (28:2), TG (18:0/16:0/18:3), and glycerol-1-2-hexadecanoate 3-octadecanoate. However, the rice bran treatment demonstrated an anti-adiposity effect by partially reducing the HED-induced DG (18:2/18:1) and TG (18:0/16:0/18:3) increases in obese rats. In conclusion, rice bran could act as an anti-obesity supplement in rats, as demonstrated by partially reducing the HED-induced DG and TG increases in obese rats, and thus limit the metabolic diseases associated with obesity and the accumulation of body fat and hepatic lipids in rats.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Oryza , Aumento de Peso , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ácido Úrico/sangreRESUMEN
Calendula officinalis, Ribes nigrum, and Vaccinium myrtillus (CRV) possess a high phenolic compound content with excellent antioxidant activity. Dietary antioxidants can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Consumption of large amounts of phenolic compounds is positively correlated with reduction in exercise-induced muscle damage. Research for natural products to improve exercise capacity, relieve fatigue, and accelerate fatigue alleviation is ongoing. Here, CRV containing a large total phenolic content (13.4 mg/g of CRV) demonstrated antioxidant activity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quantification revealed 1.95 ± 0.02 mg of salidroside in 1 g of CRV. In the current study, CRV were administered to mice for five weeks, and the antifatigue effect of CRV was evaluated using the forelimb grip strength test; weight-loaded swimming test; and measurement of fatigue-related biochemical indicators, such as blood lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) activity; and muscle and liver glycogen content. The results indicated that in CRV-treated mice, the forelimb grip strength significantly increased; weight-loaded swimming time prolonged; their lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK activity decreased, and muscle and liver glucose and glycogen content increased compared with the vehicle group. Thus, CRV have antifatigue activity and can increase exercise tolerance.
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Antocianinas/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Calendula , Tolerancia al Ejercicio/efectos de los fármacos , Fatiga Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Ribes , Vaccinium myrtillus , Animales , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Biomarcadores/sangre , Calendula/química , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales , Ribes/química , Factores de Tiempo , Vaccinium myrtillus/químicaRESUMEN
Enhancing soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) is considered as a potent strategy for diabetes therapy. sRAGE secretion is regulated by calcium and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. However, the role of TRPC channels in diabetes remains unknown. 18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18ß-GA), produced from liquorice, has shown antidiabetic properties. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of 18ß-GA on sRAGE secretion via TRPC channels in high glucose (HG)-induced THP-1 cells. HG treatment enhanced TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression and consequently caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation mediated through p47 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) associated with uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) decline and lower sRAGE secretion. Interestingly, 18ß-GA showed the dramatic effects similar to Pyr3 or 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borinate inhibitors and effectively reversed HG-elicited mechanisms including that blocking TRPC3 and TRPC6 protein expressions, suppressing intracellular [Ca2+] concentration, decreasing expressions of ROS, p47s, and iNOS, but increasing UCP2 level and promoting sRAGE secretion. Therefore, 18ß-GA provides a potential implication to diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Glucosa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Glicirretínico/análogos & derivados , Glycyrrhiza/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/genética , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/genética , Canal Catiónico TRPC6/genética , Compuestos de Boro/farmacología , Calcio/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Glucosa/toxicidad , Ácido Glicirretínico/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Glicirretínico/farmacología , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , NADPH Oxidasas/genética , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Pirazoles/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Células THP-1 , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/antagonistas & inhibidores , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/metabolismo , Canal Catiónico TRPC6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Canal Catiónico TRPC6/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 2/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 2/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on hepatic lipid metabolism in hamsters with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia. Male Syrian hamsters were kept on either a chow control (C) or HFD for four weeks. After four weeks, animals fed the HFD were further randomly assigned to four groups: high-fat only (P), melatonin low-dosage (L), medium-dosage (M), and high-dosage (H) groups. The L, M, and H groups, respectively, received 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg/day of a melatonin solution, while the P and C groups received the ethanol vehicle. After eight weeks of the intervention, results showed that a low dose of melatonin significantly reduced HFD-induced hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides; decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). In addition, melatonin markedly decreased activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) (p < 0.05), and elevated the relative hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α expression in hamsters with HFD-induced hyperlipidemia. Consequently, melatonin reduced activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, ACC and FAS. In summary, chronic melatonin administration improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in Syrian hamsters with HFD-induced dyslipidemia, which might have occurred through inhibiting the lipogenesis pathway.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Lipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Melatonina/farmacología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Acetil-CoA Carboxilasa/metabolismo , Animales , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , LDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácido Graso Sintasas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/etiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/etiología , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Menopause is associated with changes in body composition (a decline in lean body mass and an increase in total fat mass), leading to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and heart disease. A healthy diet to control body weight is an effective strategy for preventing and treating menopause-related metabolic syndromes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term feeding of edible oils (soybean oil (SO), tea seed oil (TO), and lard oil (LO)) on female ovariectomized (OVX) mice. SO, TO, and LO comprise mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. However, there have been quite limited studies to investigate the effects of different fatty acids (PUFA, MUFA, and SFA) on physiological adaption and metabolic homeostasis in a menopausal population. In this study, 7-week-old female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice underwent either bilateral laparotomy (sham group, n = 8) or bilateral oophorectomy (OVX groups, n = 24). The OVX mice given a high-fat diet (HFD) were randomly divided into three groups: OVX+SO, OVX+TO, and OVX+LO. An HFD rich in SO, TO, or LO was given to the OVX mice for 12 weeks. Our findings revealed that the body weight and relative tissues of UFP (uterus fatty peripheral) and total fat (TF) were significantly decreased in the OVX+TO group compared with those in the OVX+SO and OVX+LO groups. However, no significant difference in body weight or in the relative tissues of UFP and TF was noted among the OVX+SO and OVX+LO groups. Furthermore, mice given an HFD rich in TO exhibited significantly decreased accumulation of liver lipid droplets and adipocyte sizes of UFP and brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared with those given an HFD rich in SO or LO. Moreover, replacing SO or LO with TO significantly increased oral glucose tolerance. Additionally, TO improved endurance performance and exhibited antifatigue activity by lowering ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase levels. Thus, tea seed oil (TO) rich in MUFA could prevent obesity, reduce physical fatigue, and improve exercise performance compared with either SO (PUFA)- or LO(SFA)-rich diets in this HFD-induced obese OVX mice model.
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Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Fatiga/metabolismo , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Semillas/química , Té/química , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fatiga/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Ratones , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/etiología , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have demonstrated that higher protein intake based on caloric restriction (CR) alleviates metabolic abnormalities. However, no study has examined the effects of plasma protein profiles on caloric restriction with protein supplementation (CRPS) in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, using a proteomic perspective, this pilot study investigated whether CRPS ameliorated metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS in middle-aged women. METHODS: Plasma samples of middle-aged women with MetS in CR (n = 7) and CRPS (n = 6) groups for a 12-week intervention were obtained and their protein profiles were analysed. Briefly, blood samples from qualified participants were drawn before and after the dietary treatment. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical variables were measured and correlated with plasma proteomics. RESULTS: In results, we found that body mass index, total body fat, and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after the interventions but were not different between the CR and CRPS groups. After liquid chromatographyâ»tandem mass spectrometry analysis, the relative plasma levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), C4b-binding protein alpha chain (C4BPA), complement C1r subcomponent-like protein (C1RL), complement component C6 (C6), complement component C8 gamma chain (C8G), and vitamin K-dependent protein S (PROS) were significantly different between the CRPS and CR groups. These proteins are involved in inflammation, the immune system, and coagulation responses. Moreover, blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly and positively correlated with C6 plasma levels in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CRPS improves inflammatory responses in middle-aged women with MetS. Specific plasma protein expression (i.e., A2M, C4BPA, C1RL, C6, C8G, and PROS) associated with the complement system was highly correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids (BLs), and body fat.
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Lung cancer remains a highly prevalent disease and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, exploring antitumor drugs derived from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly becoming an attractive area of research. Paclitaxel (PTX), a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug, is widely used for treating different cancers; however, the clinical use of PTX is dose limited because of its adverse side effects. Chemotherapeutic agents are being developed to enhance the anticancer activity of PTX, particularly for use in combination therapy. 5-Demethylnobiletin (5-DMN), a natural, active compound isolated from orange peel, has been reported to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. In this study, we tested the synergistic anticancer antiproliferative effects of combinations of PTX and 5-DMN on CL1-5 lung cancer cells through the MTT and propidium iodide assays. After low-dose combination treatments (PTX and 5-DMN), a reduction in cell viability and a concomitant increase in apoptosis were observed in the CL1-5 cells. We propose that 5-DMN cooperates with PTX to induce apoptosis via the caspase pathway (by modulating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities). Furthermore, we observed that the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in the nude mouse xenograft model. The results suggest that the synergistic effects of PTX and 5-DMN in lung cancer cells deserve particular attention and indicate the possibility of developing additional new strategies for treating lung cancer.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Flavonas/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Caspasas/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Ratones , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
A fast-paced lifestyle, pressure from the environment and a heavy work load often cause extreme tiredness in modern life. Different kinds of nutritional supplements in the form of functional foods or traditional Chinese medicine, such as 'essence of chicken' and Ganoderma lucidum have been claimed to benefit physical performance and promote health. Previous studies have revealed that 'essence of chicken' or G. lucidum have a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this study, we combined these two ingredients together (designated as CEG) to evaluate their synergistic effects on physiological adaption on exercise fatigue and physical activities. The ICR strain mice were allocated as 0, 833, 1666, and 4165 mg/kg dose groups and administrated by oral gavage consecutively for 4 weeks. Physical activities including grip strength and aerobic endurance were evaluated. Various fatigue-associated biochemical variables such as lactate, BUN or CK were also evaluated. The levels of liver and muscle glycogen were measured as an indicator of energy storage at the end of the experiment. Safety assessments for supplementation were also evaluated. CEG supplementation significantly increased the endurance and grip strength and demonstrated beneficial effects on lactate production and clearance rate after an acute exercise challenge. The CEG supplementation significantly mitigated the BUN and CK indexes after extended exercise and elevated the glycogen content in the liver and muscle tissues. According to body composition, biochemical and histopathological data, daily administration of CEG for over 28 days (subacute toxicity) also demonstrated reasonable safety results for supplementation. Combined G. lucidum and 'essence of chicken' can significantly increase the exercise performance and improve fatigue recovery. It may also provide a viable alternative nutritional supplement for health promotion.
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Fatiga , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Reishi , Animales , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Resistencia FísicaRESUMEN
The comprehensive studies done on resveratrol (RES) support that this polyphenol has multiple bioactivities and is widely accepted for dietary supplementation. Furthermore, regular exercise is known to have benefits on health and is considered as a form of preventive medicine. Although the vast majority of prior studies emphasize the efficacy of aerobic exercise in promoting physiological adaptions, other types of exercise, such as resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), may achieve similar or different physiological outcomes. Few studies have looked into the effectiveness of a combinational, synergistic approach to exercise using a weight-loading ladder climbing animal platform. In this study, ICR mice were allocated randomly to the RES and training groups using a two-way ANOVA (RES × Training) design. Exercise capacities, including grip strength, aerobic performance, and anaerobic performance, were assessed and the physiological adaptions were evaluated using fatigue-associated indexes that were implemented immediately after the exercise intervention. In addition, glycogen levels, muscular characteristics, and safety issues, including body composition, histopathology, and biochemistry, were further elucidated. Synergistic effects were observed on grip strength, anaerobic capacities, and exercise lactate, with significant interaction effects. Moreover, the training or RES may have contributed significantly to elevating aerobic capacity, tissue glycogen, and muscle hypertrophy. Toxic and other deleterious effects were also considered to evaluate the safety of the intervention. Resistance exercise in combination with resveratrol supplementation may be applied in the general population to achieve better physiological benefits, promote overall health, and promote participation in regular physical activities.
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Adaptación Fisiológica , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/farmacología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Resveratrol/farmacología , Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Umbral Anaerobio , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Composición Corporal , Fatiga , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Fuerza de la Mano , Hipertrofia , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit contains abundant bioactive components and exhibits a variety of biological activities. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of water extract of P. emblica (WEPE) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were fed methionine and choline-deficiency diet (MCD diet) for 4 or 8 weeks to induce NASH. Results showed that administration of WEPE could significantly reduce serum AST and ALT as compared to MCD diet-alone group. Administration of WEPE could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and CYP2E1 mRNA expression, and elevate the antioxidant activities in mice livers. In addition, administration of WEPE after 8 weeks could significantly decrease the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1ß in mice livers, but have less improving effect of hepatic steatosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Taken together, MCD diet might cause serious hepatic steatosis and mild inflammation in mice livers, but administration of WEPE could ameliorate the rapid progression of NASH.
Asunto(s)
Colina/análisis , Metionina/análisis , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Animales , Colina/metabolismo , Dieta/efectos adversos , Frutas/química , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Metionina/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/etiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/genética , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Current treatment options for muscle injuries remain suboptimal and often result in delayed/incomplete recovery of damaged muscles. In this study, the effects of dextrose prolotherapy on inflammation and regeneration of skeletal muscles after a contusion injury were investigated. Mice were separated into five groups, including a normal control (NC), post-injury with no treatment (mass-drop injury, MDI), post-injury with 10% dextrose (MDI + 10% dextrose), post-injury with 20% dextrose (MDI + 20% dextrose), and post-injury with 30% dextrose (MDI + 30% dextrose). The gastrocnemius muscles of the mice were subjected to an MDI, and muscle samples were collected at 7 days post-injury. Results showed the serum creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDH) of the MDI-alone group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (p<0.05). However, levels of serum CK, BUN, CREA, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) significantly decreased with different concentrations of dextrose. In addition, dextrose suppressed the macrophage response (F4/80 protein decreased) and promoted muscle satellite cell regeneration (desmin protein increased). In conclusion, dextrose prolotherapy can effectively help repair muscles; therefore, it may be one of the methods for clinically treating muscle injuries.
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Contusiones/complicaciones , Glucosa/uso terapéutico , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Proloterapia , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , TaiwánRESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis (UC), one type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic and recurrent disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. As camellia oil (CO) is traditionally used to treat GI disorders, this study investigated the role of CO on acetic acid-induced colitis in the rat. The composition of the gut microbial community is related to many diseases; thus, this study also investigated the effects of CO on the composition of the gut microbiota. The rats were fed a dose of 2 mL/kg body weight CO, olive oil (OO), or soybean oil (SO) once a day for 20 days, and the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results of the gut microbiota examination showed significant clustering of feces after treatment with CO and OO; however, individual differences with OO varied considerably. Compared to SO and OO, the intake of CO increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the α-diversity, relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium, and reduced Prevotella of the gut microbiota. On day 21, colitis was induced by a single transrectal administration of 2 mL of 4% acetic acid. However, pretreatment of rats with CO or OO for 24 days slightly enhanced antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly reduced inflammatory damage and lipid peroxidation, thus ameliorating acetic acid-induced colitis. These results indicated that CO was better able to ameliorate impairment of the antioxidant system induced by acetic acid compared to OO and SO, which may have been due to CO modifying the composition of the gut microbiota or CO being a rich source of phytochemicals.
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Ácido Acético/efectos adversos , Camellia/química , Colitis/dietoterapia , Colitis/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Aceites de Plantas/metabolismo , Animales , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Camellia/metabolismo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/metabolismo , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiología , Masculino , Aceites de Plantas/química , RatasRESUMEN
The increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles has led to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide as well as in Taiwan. Middle-aged women are at a greater risk of MetS, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease than men because they have more subcutaneous fat and larger waist circumferences compared with men with equal visceral fat levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of calorie restriction (CR) and fish oil supplementation (CRF) on middle-aged Taiwanese women with MetS. An open-label, parallel-arm, controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks. A total of 75 eligible participants were randomly assigned to the CR or CRF group. Both the dietary intervention groups were further divided into two age groups: ≤45 and >45 years. Changes in MetS severity, inflammatory status, iron status, and red blood cell fatty acid profile were evaluated. A total of 71 participants completed the trial. Both dietary interventions significantly ameliorated MetS and improved the participants' inflammatory status. CR significantly increased the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) whereas CRF increased hepcidin levels in women aged >45 years. Furthermore, CRF significantly increased the n-6/n-3 and arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratios. Both interventions improved the anthropometric and MetS characteristics, including body weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels, and the score of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. In conclusion, the 12-week dietary interventions improved the abnormal metabolic status of middle-aged obese women. CRF was demonstrated to be more effective in ameliorating postprandial glucose level and TIBC in women aged >45 years than in those aged ≤45 years.