Breast cancer organoids derived from patients: A platform for tailored drug screening.

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent and heterogeneous malignancy affecting women globally, posing a substantial health concern. Enhanced comprehension of tumor pathology and the development of novel therapeutics are pivotal for advancing breast cancer treatment. Contemporary breast cancer investigation heavily leans on in vivo models and conventional cell culture techniques. Nonetheless, these approaches often encounter high failure rates in clinical trials due to species disparities and tissue structure variations. To address this, three-dimensional cultivation of organoids, resembling organ-like structures, has emerged as a promising alternative. Organoids represent innovative in vitro models that mirror in vivo tissue microenvironments. They retain the original tumor's diversity and facilitate the expansion of tumor samples from diverse origins, facilitating the representation of varying tumor stages. Optimized breast cancer organoid models, under precise culture conditions, offer benefits including convenient sample acquisition, abbreviated cultivation durations, and genetic stability. These attributes ensure a faithful replication of in vivo traits of breast cancer cells. As intricate cellular entities boasting spatial arrangements, breast cancer organoid models harbor substantial potential in precision medicine, organ transplantation, modeling intricate diseases, gene therapy, and drug innovation. This review delivers an overview of organoid culture techniques and outlines future prospects for organoid modeling.

Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone content were measured at the end of the experiment. Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice.