RESUMEN
In recent years, the increase in antibiotic resistance demands searching for new compounds with antimicrobial activity. Phytochemicals found in plants offer an alternative to this problem. The genus Pelargonium contains several species; some have commercial use in traditional medicine such as P. sinoides, and others such as P. peltatum are little studied but have promising potential for various applications such as phytopharmaceuticals. In this work, we characterized the freeze-dried extracts (FDEs) of five tissues (root, stem, leaf, and two types of flowers) and the ethyl acetate fractions from leaf (Lf-EtOAc) and flower (Fwr-EtOAc) of P. peltatum through the analysis by thin-layer chromatography (T.L.C.), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), phytochemicals quantification, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity. After the first round of analysis, it was observed that the FDE-Leaf and FDE-Flower showed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared to the other FDEs, for which FDE-Leaf and FDE-Flower were fractionated and analyzed in a second round. The antioxidant activity determined by ABTS showed that Lf-EtOAc and Fwr-EtOAc had the lowest IC50 values with 27.15 ± 1.04 and 28.11 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively. The content of total polyphenols was 264.57 ± 7.73 for Lf-EtOAc and 105.39 ± 4.04 mg G.A./g FDE for Fwr-EtOAc. Regarding the content of flavonoid, Lf-EtOAc and Fw-EtOAc had the highest concentration with 34.4 ± 1.06 and 29.45 ± 1.09 mg Q.E./g FDE. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of antimicrobial activity was evaluated: Lf-EtOAc and Fwr-EtOAc were effective at 31.2 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and 62.5 µg/mL for Salmonella enterica, while for the Enterococcus feacalis strain, Fwr-EtOAc presented 31.2 µg/mL of M.I.C. According to the GC-MS analysis, the main compounds were 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (Pyrogallol), with 77.38% of relative abundance in the Lf-EtOAc and 71.24% in the Fwr-EtOAc, followed by ethyl gallate (13.10%) in the Fwr-EtOAc and (Z)-9-Octadecenamide (13.63% and 6.75%) in both Lf-EtOAc and Fwr-EtOAc, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Geraniaceae , Pelargonium , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Pelargonium/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The community of San Martin de las Flores, Jalisco, MeÌxico has a varied flora, part of which is used by its residents to treat their diseases. One of these wild species that grows in this community is Verbesina sphaerocephala A.Gray (Asteraceae). The objective of this research was to provide an overview of local knowledge about the traditional uses of this plant. A quantitative ethnobotanical method to analyse the value of traditional use of this species among the community, as well as, bibliographic information on the existing phytochemical and pharmacological properties of species of the genus Verbesina has been used. When examining the general knowledge of V. sphaerocephala among the community, it was concluded that the plant is used mainly in traditional medicine to treat eight different types of diseases, highlighting its use as a wound healing and anti-inflammatory.
La comunidad de San Martin de las Flores, Jalisco, posee una variedad de flora, la cual, gran parte de ella es utilizada por sus pobladores para el tratamiento de enfermedades. Una de estas especies silvestres que crece en esta comunidad es Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray (Asteraceae). El objetivo de esta investigacioÌn fue proporcionar una visioÌn general del conocimiento local sobre los usos tradicionales de esta planta. Se ha utilizado un meÌtodo etnobotaÌnico cuantitativo para analizar el valor de uso tradicional de esta especie entre la comunidad, asiÌ como tambieÌn se recopiloÌ informacioÌn bibliograÌfica sobre las propiedades fitoquiÌmicas y farmacoloÌgicas existentes sobre especies del geÌnero Verbesina. Al examinar el conocimiento general de V. sphaerocephala entre la comunidad, se concluyoÌ que la planta es utilizada fundamentalmente en medicina tradicional para tratar ocho diferentes tipos de enfermedades, destacaÌndose su uso como cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio.