RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Determining the resectability of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) after FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy is challenging because CT-scans cannot reliably assess vascular involvement. This study evaluates the added value of intra-operative ultrasound (IOUS) in LAPC following FOLFIRINOX induction chemotherapy. METHODS: Prospective multicenter study in patients with LAPC who underwent explorative laparotomy with IOUS after FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. Resectability was defined according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. IOUS findings were compared with preoperative CT-scans and pathology results. RESULTS: CT-staging in 38 patients with LAPC after FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy defined 22 patients LAPC, 15 borderline resectable and one resectable. IOUS defined 19 patients LAPC, 13 borderline resectable and six resectable. In 12/38 patients, IOUS changed the resectability status including five patients from borderline resectable to resectable and five patients from LAPC to borderline resectable. Two patients were upstaged from borderline resectable to LAPC. Tumor diameters were significantly smaller upon IOUS (31.7 ± 9.5 mm versus 37.1 ± 10.0 mm, p = 0.001) and resectability varied significantly (p = 0.043). Ultimately, 20 patients underwent resection of whom 14 were evaluated as (borderline) resectable on CT-scan, and 17 on IOUS. DISCUSSION: This prospective study demonstrates that IOUS may change the resectability status up to a third of patients with LAPC following FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Pancreatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Irinotecán/uso terapéutico , Laparotomía/métodos , Leucovorina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxaliplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: FOLFIRINOX prolongs survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and may also benefit patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Furthermore, it may downstage a proportion of LAPC into (borderline) resectable disease, however data are lacking. This review assessed outcomes after FOLFIRINOX-based therapy in LAPC. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for studies published to 31 August 2015. Primary outcome was the (R0) resection rate. RESULTS: Fourteen studies involving 365 patients with LAPC were included; three studies administered a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen. Of all patients, 57 % (n = 208) received radiotherapy. The pooled resection rate was 28 % (n = 103, 77 % R0), with a perioperative mortality of 3 % (n = 2), and median overall survival ranged from 8.9 to 25.0 months. Survival data after resection were scarce, with only one study reporting a median overall survival of 24.9 months in 28 patients. A complete pathologic response was found in 6 of 85 (7 %) resected specimens. Dose reductions were described in up to 65 % of patients, grade 3-4 toxicity occurred in 23 % (n = 51) of patients, and 2 % (n = 5) had to discontinue treatment. Data of patients treated solely with FOLFIRINOX, without additional radiotherapy, were available from 292 patients: resection rate was 12 % (n = 29, 70 % R0), with 15.7 months median overall survival and 19 % (n = 34) grade 3-4 toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes after FOLFIRINOX-based therapy in patients with LAPC seem very promising but further prospective studies are needed, especially with regard to survival after resection.