[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of ferric derisomaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia: a single-center retrospective analysis].

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ferric derisomaltose injection versus iron sucrose injection in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: A total of 120 patients with iron deficiency anemia admitted from June 2021 to March 2023 were given intravenous iron supplementation with ferric derisomaltose to assess the efficacy and safety of hemoglobin (HGB) elevation before and after treatment. Simultaneously, the clinical effects of iron supplementation with iron sucrose were compared to those of inpatient patients during the same period. Results: Baseline values were comparable in both groups. Within 12 weeks of treatment, the elevated HGB level in the ferric derisomaltose group was higher than that of the iron sucrose group, with a statistical difference at all time points, and the proportion of HGB increased over 20 g/L in the patients treated for 4 weeks was higher (98.7%, 75.9% ). During the treatment with ferric derisomaltose and iron sucrose, the proportion of mild adverse reactions in the ferric derisomaltose group was slightly lower than that of the iron sucrose group, and neither group experienced any serious adverse reactions. The patients responded well to the infusion treatment, with no reports of pain or pigmentation at the injection site. Conclusion: The treatment of IDA patients with ferric derisomaltose has a satisfactory curative effect, with the advantages of rapidity, accuracy, and safety. Therefore, it is worthy of widespread clinical use.

[A pre-conception cohort study of fertility and its related factors among couples with the intention of conception].

Objective: To describe fertility and explore factors associated with it among pre-conception couples of childbearing age. Methods: Based on the pre-conceptional offspring trajectory study of the School of Public Health of Fudan University, couples of childbearing age who participated in the pre-conception physical examination in Shanghai Jiading District from 2016 to 2021 were recruited and followed up. Couples' time to pregnancy (TTP) was analyzed and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the factors associated with TTP. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate each menstrual cycle's cumulative pregnancy rate. Results: A total of 1 095 preconception couples were included in the analysis, the M(Q1,Q3)of TTP was 4.33 (2.41, 9.78) menstrual cycles. Age of women (FR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95, P<0.001), women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy (FR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55, P<0.001), women who were exposed to second-hand smoking (FR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.92, P=0.016), women whose home or office had been renovated in the past 2 years and had a particular smell (FR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.81, P=0.008) were risk factors for impaired fertility. Regular menstrual cycles (FR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.16-2.31, P=0.005), females who often drank tea/coffee (FR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.11-2.17, P=0.011) and males who took folic acid before conception (FR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.38-4.23, P=0.002) were associated with better fertility. The cumulative pregnancy rate of 3, 6, and 12 menstrual cycles was 37.6%, 64.4%, and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Older couples, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, irregular menstruation, exposure to secondhand smoke and decoration pollutants in females are associated with impaired fertility. Frequent tea/coffee drinking before pregnancy in females and taking folic acid before pregnancy in males are associated with shortened conception time.

[Efficacy and safety of Kangbingdu granules in the treatment of influenza: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-drug parallel control multicenter clinical trial].

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Kangbingdu granules (KBD) in the treatment of influenza. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, and positive-drug parallel control trial was conducted in 27 Grade ⅢA hospitals in China and the subjects were randomly assigned to the KBD test group or the oseltamivir phosphate capsule control group at a ratio of 1∶1. 200 subjects were planned to be enrolled in each group. The experimental group was given KBD (18g each time, 3 times a day) and oseltamivir phosphate simulator orally, while the control group was given oseltamivir phosphate capsule (75 mg each time, twice a day) and KBD simulator orally for 5 days. The primary efficacy indicators included the remission time of major clinical symptoms and the time of complete defervescence. The secondary efficacy indicators included dosage of acetaminophen, the change of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and the remission time of other important clinical symptoms. The efficacy of KBD in the test group and Oseltamivir phosphate control group were compared. Adverse events or adverse reactions were observed at the same time to evaluate the safety of KBD Granules. Results: A total of 393 subjects from 27 Grade ⅢA hospitals in China were enrolled. The experimental group included 195 subjects and 191 subjects (97.95%) completed the trial, While the control group included 198 subjects and 195 subjects (98.48%) completed the trial. There was no significant difference in the shedding rate and rejection rate between the two groups (P>0.05). In the Full Analysis Set (FAS), the mean age of the experimental group was (34.9±14.4) years old, with 83 males (42.78%). The mean age of the control group was (33.3±13.5) years old, with 78 males (39.59%). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in demographic data, physical examination, viral pathogen detection, total score of TCM syndromes and scores of each symptom at baseline (P>0.05). In the FAS, the remission time M (Q1, Q3) of major clinical symptoms was 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) days in the experimental group and 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) days in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The time M (Q1, Q3) of complete defervescence was 34.0 (20.3, 49.0) hours in the experimental group and 36.5 (19.6, 48.8) hours in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). KBD granules had the same effect as Oseltamivir phosphate capsule (P>0.05) in terms of acetaminophen dosage, TCM syndrome effect and disappearance rate of most important clinical symptoms. Meanwhile, the disappearance rate of dizziness and chest distress on day 3 in the KBD granules group was better than that of oseltamivir phosphate capsule (P<0.05). Conclusion: KBD granules have the same efficacy as Oseltamivir Phosphate capsule in the treatment of influenza and the drug safety is good.

[Clinical efficacy of rivaroxaban in prevention and treatment of postoperative deep vein thrombosis for severe traumatic brain injury].

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of rivaroxaban in the prevention and treatment of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods: Patients with sTBI who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study, including 119 males (75.8%) and 38 females (24.2%), aged (38.75 ± 11.98) years old. DVT was prevented and treated according to the DVT screening and anticoagulation regimen. Intermittent venous compression was used on all of the patients to prevent DVT, and D-dimer dynamic monitoring and regular ultrasound were performed to screen for DVT. For patients with stable intracranial hemorrhage, rivaroxaban was used when the D-dimer was declining continuously and high risks exist at the same time, or the DVT was diagnosed. Drug withdrawal was performed according to the regimen. The clinical information, D-dimer dynamic changes, rivaroxaban application, DVT, and bleeding complications were analyzed retrospectively. Results: None of the patients with continuously declining D-dimer was diagnosed with DVT according to the ultrasound examination. Of the 45 patients without progressively declining D-dimer, 43 cases were diagnosed with DVT. Rivaroxaban was used in 47 cases (29.9%) to prevent DVT and 43 cases (27.4%) to treat DVT, and the medication time was (16.3±6.5) and (49.3 ± 9.9) days, respectively. None was diagnosed with DVT after prophylactic administration, and 1 case relapsed after therapeutic administration. During the 6-months follow-up after injury, hematuria occurred in 3 cases, tracheotomy errhysis in 1 case and hemorrhoids bleeding in 1 case. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism, intracranial hemorrhage and fatal bleeding did not occur in any of the cases. Conclusions: The application of rivaroxaban is safe and effective in preventing and treating the postoperative DVT.

A Medicago truncatula H+-pyrophosphatase gene, MtVP1, improves sucrose accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

We recently cloned MtVP1, a type I vacuolar-type H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase from Medicago truncatula. In the present study, we investigated the cellular location and the function of this H(+)-PPase in Arabidopsis and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). An MtVP1::enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion was constructed, which localized to the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MtVP1 had more robust root systems and redder shoots than wild-type (WT) plants under conditions of cold stress. Furthermore, overexpression of MtVP1 in potato accelerated the formation and growth of vegetative organs. The tuber buds and stem base of transgenic potatoes became redder than those of WT plants, but flowering was delayed by approximately half a month. Interestingly, anthocyanin biosynthesis was promoted in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings and potato tuber buds. The sucrose concentration of transgenic potato tubers and tuber buds was enhanced compared with that of WT plants. Furthermore, sucrose concentration in tubers was higher than that in tuber buds. Although there was no direct evidence to support Fuglsang's hypothetical model regarding the effects of H(+)-PPase on sucrose phloem loading, we speculated that sucrose concentration was increased in tuber buds owing to the increased concentration in tubers. Therefore, overexpressed MtVP1 enhanced sucrose accumulation of source organs, which might enhance sucrose transport to sink organs, thus affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis.

In vitro autoradiographic localization of calcitonin and amylin binding sites in monkey brain.

Calcitonin (CT) and amylin are related peptides with potent central actions, including suppression of appetite and gastric acid secretion. Little is known about the distribution and binding characteristics of amylin receptors in species other than rat; therefore, in this study, by using in vitro autoradiography, we have mapped the distribution of 125I-rat amylin binding sites in the monkey brain and compared this distribution to that of binding sites for 125I-salmon CT (125I-sCT). Highest densities of 125I-amylin binding were in the hypothalamus, including the arcuate nucleus and parts of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, and the solitary nucleus. Rostrally, moderate to high density binding was present in parts of the preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala and accumbens nucleus (Acb). Caudally, binding of amylin was more restricted, with moderate to high density binding present only in dorsal raphe, and area postrema. The primary visual cortex displayed strong and periodic CT binding in layer 4. The subcortical pattern of distribution of amylin and CT receptors in the monkey was similar to that seen previously in the rat, although the relative densities of binding to different brain structures were not always conserved. As with rat, monkey amylin receptors were a subset of the sites labeled with 125I-sCT. Analysis of receptor specificity indicated a greater relative potency of CT peptides in competing for 125I-amylin binding in monkey, when compared to rat, while, there was a decrease in the relative potency of CT gene-related peptides, potentially due to differences the level of receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) in monkey versus rat brain. Amylin receptors in primates are likely to perform a similar role to those in rats; however, the interaction of the receptors with related peptides may differ.

Ecdysteroids from Rhaponticum uniflorum.

Five phytoecdysteroids were isolated from the roots of Rhaponticum uniflorum. They were identified as ecdysterone, ajugasterone C, ajugasterone C-20,22-monoacetonide, ajugasterone C-2,3,20,22-diacetonide and 5-deoxykaladasterone-20,22-monoacetonide by means of spectroscopic data. This is the first report of ajugasterone C-2,3,20,22-diacetonide and 5-deoxykaladasterone-20,22-monoacetonide isolated from a natural source.

Diet composition and insulin action in animal models.

Critical insights into the etiology of insulin resistance have been gained by the use of animal models where insulin action has been modulated by strictly controlled dietary interventions not possible in human studies. Overall, the literature has moved from a focus on macronutrient proportions to understanding the unique effects of individual subtypes of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Substantial evidence has now accumulated for a major role of dietary fat subtypes in insulin action. Intake of saturated fats is strongly linked to development of obesity and insulin resistance, while that of polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) is not. This is consistent with observations that saturated fats are poorly oxidized for energy and thus readily stored, are poorly mobilized by lipolytic stimuli, impair membrane function, and increase the expression of genes associated with adipocyte profileration (making their own home). PUFAs have contrasting effects in each instance. It is therefore not surprising that increased PUFA intake in animal models is associated with improved insulin action and reduced adiposity. Less information is available for carbohydrate subtypes. Early work clearly demonstrated that diets high in simple sugars (in particular fructose) led to insulin resistance. However, again attention has rightly shifted to the very interesting issue of subtypes of complex carbohydrates. While no differences in insulin action have yet been shown, differences in substrate flux suggest there could be long-term beneficial effects on the fat balance of diets enhanced in slowly digested/resistant starches. A new area of major interest is in protein subtypes. Recent results have shown that rats fed high-fat diets where the protein component was from casein or soy were insulin-resistant, but when the protein source was from cod they were not. These are exciting times in our growing understanding of dietary factors and insulin action. While it has been clear for some time that 'oils ain't oils', the same is now proving true for carbohydrates and proteins.

[A study on cultivation techniques for Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch. in Daxing County area, Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To study the suitable cultivation techniques for Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the sandy soil in Daxing county area, the Beijing. METHOD: Small plot trial and Large-scale cultivation in the fields. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Uralensis can be cultivated in the sandy soil in Daxing County area, Beijing.

Triterpenoid glycosides from Ilex kudincha.

Three new saponins, named kudinosides A, B and C, were isolated from the leaves of Ilex kudincha. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation their structures were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-kudinlactone, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl-beta-kudinlactone and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-kudinla c tone.

Triterpenes and triterpenoid glycosides from the leaves of Ilex kudincha.

Two new triterpenes, alpha- and beta-kudinlactone, and six new triterpenoid glycosides, kudinosides D-G, I and J, were isolated from the leaves of Ilex kudincha. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means.

[Isolation and identification of gancaonin P-3'-methylether from the leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch].

Two flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (Licorice, Leguminosae). On the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopy (UV, 1HNMR and MS), a new compound was elucidated as 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-6-isoprenyl flavone (gancaonin P-3'-methylether) and another known compound was identified as 8-C-prenyleriodictyol.

[Effects of thyroxine and methimazolum on monamine transmitters in preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and peripheral serum in rats].

The contents of monamine transmitters in preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area and in the serum of rats injected with thyroxine (T4, 1 mg/100 g body wt/d, for 10 d, hypodermic i.) and fed with methimazolum (10 mg/100 g body wt/d, for 15 d) were assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). It was found that the content of dopamine and homovanillic acid in PO/AH area showed significant increase (P less than 0.01) associated with a slight rise (P greater than 0.05) of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and with no change of norepinephrine in the thyroxine group. After fed with methimazolum, the content of norepinephrine decreased significantly (P less than 0.05), but no obvious changes occurred in dopamine, homovanillic acid, 5-HT and 5-HIAA. By synchronous analysing of monamine transmitters in peripheral serum, it was showed that there was no significant linear relationship between the changes of monamine transmitters in the brain and in the serum. The correlation between thyroxine and methimazolum on the content of monamine transmitters and on the change of body temperature was also discussed.

[Effects of thyroxine and methimazolum on thermosensitive neurons in preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area in rats].

The effects of thyroxine (subcutaneous injection) and methimazolum (intubation feeding) on thermosensitive neurons (TSN) in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area in rats were observed. The ratio of warm-sensitive neurons (WSN) to cold-sensitive neurons (CSN) was 1.86:1 and thermo-insensitive neurons (TIN) to thermosensitive neurons (TSN) 1:1.43 in the control group. The ratio of WSN to CSN decreased to 1.20:1 and the ratio of TIN to 1:2.36 in the thyroxine group, while the former increased to 2.40:1 and the latter decreased to 1:1.29 in the methimazolum group. There was significant difference among three groups, (X2 = 9.64, P less than 0.05). Thirty-two percent of neurons (11/34) showed higher firing rates (greater than 15Hz) in the control group, only 8% (3/37) in the thyroxine group and 9% (3/32) in the methimazolum group. In addition, the tolerance of TSN to warming stimulation was obviously lower in both pathological groups, as compared with the control group. The results suggest that a rise or fall of body temperature in rats with subcutaneous injecting thyroxine and intubation feeding methimazolum may be related to the changes of proportion and excitability of PO/AH neurons, and that the disturbance of thyroxine synthesis, release and metabolism may interfere temperature regulation at the level of hypothalamus.