RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Chinese people have used the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (called "Danshen" in Chinese) for centuries as an anticancer agent, anti-inflammatory agent, antioxidant, and cardiovascular disease drug. In addition, Danshen is considered to be a drug that can improve ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardium injury in traditional Chinese medicine. However, Danshen is a mixture that includes various bioactive substances. In this study, we aimed to identify the protective component and mechanism of Danshen on myocardium through network pharmacology and molecular simulation methods. First, cryptotanshinone (CTS) was identified as a potential active compound from Danshen that was associated with apoptosis by a network pharmacology approach. Subsequently, biological experiments validated that CTS inhibited ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Molecular docking techniques were used to screen key target information. Based on the simulative results, MAPKs were verified as well-connected molecules of CTS. Western blotting assays also demonstrated that CTS could enhance MAPK expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of the MAPK pathway reversed the CTS-mediated effect on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Altogether, our work screened out CTS from Danshen and demonstrated that it protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/prevención & control , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Fenantrenos/farmacología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/enzimología , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/genética , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/enzimología , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Farmacología en Red , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Surface titanium (Ti) metallization was conducted on alumina (Al2O3) through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method derived from non-contact pack cementation. The effects of different deposition temperature (1000⯰C, 1050⯰C, and 1100⯰C) were examined in this scenario. The morphology, phase composition, and interfacial defects of the resulting films were systematically investigated through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The nanomechanical characterization of the proposed thin films was evaluated by conducting nano-indentation tests at different depths. The results revealed that uniform Ti films were coated on the Al2O3 substrate. During coating, the atoms on the matrix surface were driven to form different structure due to different deposition temperature, leading to disparate morphologies of the surface and the interface, which consequently influenced the binding force between the film and the substrate. Moreover, the nanomechanical properties were found to be related to the internal and interface structure. Decreased modulus and hardness were obtained for metallization films treated at 1050⯰C, and plastic deformation was the main deformation pattern.