RESUMEN
In this study, DNA barcoding was used to validate the traditional morphological classification of medicinal plants of Orchidaceae. The 163 samples of 135 species belong to 49 genera which have been confirmed by morphological identification were collected. Candidate sequences, including matK, psbA-trnH and ITS2 sequences, were amplified, bidirectionally sequenced, and assembled. All the sequences were blasted to GenBank database at NCBI, then analyzed using Neighbor-joining tree method by MEGA 7.0. The results showed that the DNAs of 163 samples were successfully extracted. The amplification efficiency of matK, psbA-trnH and ITS2 sequences were 100%, 100% and 98.77%, respectively. The 487 sequences were obtained, 345 sequences of which have matched corresponding sequences in the GenBank database and 142 sequences were new sequences. The topology of NJ tree which were constructed with the matK sequences was better than the trees of psbA-trnH and ITS2 sequences. In conclusion, the matK, psbA-trnH and ITS2 sequences were complementary and suitable for identification of medicinal plants of Orchidaceae. DNA barcoding can be used as an auxiliary means for identification of medicinal plants of Orchidaceae.
Asunto(s)
Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , Orchidaceae/clasificación , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , ADN de Plantas/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Genes de PlantasRESUMEN
Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Dendrobium/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/química , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/patología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/química , ViscosidadRESUMEN
From late January to early February in 2008, Guangzhou suffered from the cold and humid rainy for 20 days, and the daily mean temperature was under 10 degrees C. In 794 species of medicinal plants in South China Botanical Garden, 78 species (9.8%) suffered from chilling injury. The reasons were analyzed and some useful suggestions were made.