[Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Substitute with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Functional Microbes and Lemon Yield and Quality].

To clarify the effects of non-rhizosphere/rhizosphere soil functional microbes (nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms) on lemon yield and quality, the lemon fruit and non-rhizosphere/rhizosphere soil were selected as subjects. To explore the correlation between non-rhizosphere/rhizosphere soil functional microbes and lemon yield and quality under a chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer, traditional fruit quality determination and multiple molecular techniques were used. The results showed that:① 30% chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer increased the nitrification intensity and phosphatase activity but effectively controlled the denitrifying enzyme activity. ② The chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer significantly decreased the abundances of nitrifiers and nirS/nirK-harboring denitrifiers and significantly increased the abundances of nosZ-harboring denitrifier and phoD-harboring microorganisms. However, the diversities of functional microbial community structure did not have clear regularity under chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer. ③ Compared with that under the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer alone, lemon yield and quality were the highest under the 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer substitute with organic fertilizer. ④ Nitrogen and its related microbes significantly affected lemon yield through internal and external quality. Phosphorus and its related microbes affected lemon yield mainly through internal quality. In addition, the influence factors of non-rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil on lemon intrinsic quality were obviously different. Altogether, these results showed that the 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer substitute with organic fertilizer significantly affected soil nitrogen and phosphorus functional microorganisms and further improved lemon yield and quality.

[Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizosphere/Non-Rhizosphere Soil of Lemon].

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different fertilization methods on the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of lemon rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere soil in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and rational fertilization of orchards. A pot experiment was carried out, and six fertilization treatments were set up:control (CK), conventional fertilization (FM), organic fertilizer (P), fresh organic fertilizer (NP), 70% chemical fertilizer+30% organic fertilizer (70FP), and 50% chemical fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (50FP). Chemical analysis, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, the abundance of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and bacterial community structure. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to explore the environmental factors affecting the bacterial community structure of lemon rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere soil. The results showed the following:① the pH and contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen in rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere soil were significantly increased by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer (50FP and 70FP) (P<0.05). Compared with conventional fertilization (FM) and single application of organic fertilizer (P and NP), the soil available P content, available K content, and nitrate nitrogen content increased by 24.76%-97.98%, 6.87%-45.11%, and 18.42%-55.82%, respectively. ② Fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of soil bacteria and soil respiration intensity (P<0.05), and the abundance of soil rhizosphere bacteria and soil respiration intensity under the 50FP treatment increased by 15.83%-232.98% and 8.0%-162.5% compared with that under conventional fertilization and organic fertilizer alone, respectively. The bacterial abundance of rhizosphere soil was positively correlated with the pH and contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. ③ The PCoA and RDA analysis results showed that the single organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer de-weighting of rhizosphere bacterial community structure and not adding fertilizer had a bigger difference between processing, and the main environmental factors influencing the rhizosphere/non rhizosphere bacterial community structure were organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali solution nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available potassium. Fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer could significantly increase soil nutrient content, increase soil bacterial abundance, and change the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere soil, and the 50FP treatment yielded better results. Therefore, 50% Chemical fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (50FP) was a better fertilization method to improve the physical and chemical properties of orchard soil, increase the abundance of soil bacteria, and improve the soil respiration intensity.

[Risk factors analysis and security application discussion of Polygonum multiflorum based on retrospective study].

In recent years，hepatotoxicity problem of Polygonum multiflorum has caused high attention. Domestic scholars also explored the causes of liver damage caused by it. For example, the establishment of guideline for diagnosis and treatment of herb-induced liver injury, and the theory about relationship between hepatocyte toxicity and chemical composition, solvents, processing, use and pathological basis of patients and so on. To try to combine theory with practice，author analyzed risk factors about the case reports of P. multiflorum causing liver damage, and made some suggestions on P. multiflorum about individualized application, drug selection and requirements for taking. This for providing reference for the safe use of P. multiflorum.

[Summary and analysis of safety warning on clinical application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations].

In China, many surveys have shown that most people do not have a correct understanding about cold and administration of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations. The author conducted a systematic summary and analysis on the actual application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations as well as the warning on safe application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations in Clinical Medication Information of China Pharmacopoeia, in the expectation of reducing the blind application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations and providing traditional Chinese medicine pharmacists new ideas in monitoring the safe application of exterior syndrome-relieving Chinese patent medicine preparations.