Effects of Internet-Based Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in the Elderly.

Effective nutrition and exercise interventions may improve sarcopenia in the elderly. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of Internet-based nutrition and exercise interventions in the elderly with sarcopenia. Participants were divided into 4 groups: control, nutrition, exercise, and comprehensive (nutrition plus exercise) groups; there was at least 50 participants in each group. Our trial lasted 12 weeks. We conducted dietary and exercise interventions through an app and collected feedback from the participants every three weeks. Information on the diet, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle function was collected before and after the interventions. The comprehensive group had higher high-quality protein intake than the control (p = 0.017) and exercise (p = 0.012) groups. After the interventions, we obtained differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass/height2, skeletal muscle mass/weight, muscle mass/BMI, and skeletal muscle mass/body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Changes in average daily energy and total daily protein intakes were not significantly different; however, there was an overall improvement in the intervention groups relative to baseline data. There were no changes in the average daily time of moderate physical activity. The Internet was an effective tool of nutrition intervention in the elderly with sarcopenia. The Internet-based nutrition intervention improved high-quality protein intake and skeletal muscle mass in the elderly with sarcopenia.

Iodine nutrition status and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of 4635 pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women in Shanghai have long been at risk for mild iodine deficiency. Because thyroid autoimmunity in pregnant women can lead to premature birth and miscarriage as well as neurodevelopmental deficits in the fetus, the aim of this study was to explore the association of iodine nutrition status with thyroid antibodies during pregnancy. METHODS: A pregnancy-birth cohort was conducted including 4635 pregnant women in Shanghai, China. The eligible participants underwent a face-to-face interview and completed questionnaire surveys to collect baseline information and diet intake. Spot urine samples were collected to test urine iodine. Thyroid antibodies including thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyrotrophic antibodies (TRAb) were tested. Single-factor analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy. RESULTS: The median urinary iodine excretion level in the sample was 138.14 µg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 80.90-219.00 µg/L). Among all the subjects, 25.9% consumed non-iodized salt, 54.5% had iodine deficiency, and 31.0% had thyroid autoimmunity. The proportion of patients with iodine deficiency was significantly higher among those who consumed non-iodized salt (36.9% vs. 33.1%; p = 0.04). After adjusting for age, educational status, former smoker status, former drinker status, first pregnancy, and previous thyroid disease, non-iodized salt (odds ratio [OR] = 1.394 [confidence interval, CI, 1.165-1.562]; p = 0.003), iodine-rich food (OR = 0.681 [CI 0.585-0.793]; p = 0.003), iodized nutritional supplements (OR = 0.427 [CI 0.347-0.526]; p = 0.003), were found to be individually associated with thyroid autoimmunity in all participants. The results of the multivariable restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed a non-linear relationship between the continuous change in iodine intake and thyroid autoimmunity (p = 0.019). Participants with iodine deficiency (urinary iodine concentration, UIC,< 100 µg/L) had an increased risk of testing positive for thyroid antibodies (TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb[+]; OR = 1.324 [CI 1.125-1.559]; p < 0.001). Moreover, this associated existed even after removing participants with previous thyroid disease. CONCLUSION: Inadequate iodine nutrition in pregnant women is an independent risk factor for thyroid autoimmunity in Shanghai. It's important to maintain the adequate iodine status in pregnant women.

Three optimized assays for the evaluation of compounds that can rescue p53 mutants.

Identifying drugs targeting p53 remains a major focus of precision oncology, with over twenty compounds that can rescue p53 mutants reported. Here, we suggest three easily accessible assays to determine the thermostability, protein folding, and transcriptional activity of p53 mutants-the go-to criteria for evaluating a rescue compound that acts by increasing p53 thermostability. Because of the diversity of p53 mutants, a compound that meets the criteria of one assay does not necessarily meet the criteria of the other assays. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chen et al. (2021).

Iodine status of 8 to 10 years old children within 20 years following compulsory salt iodization policy in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: In 1996, Shanghai implemented universal salt iodization and has became the last provincial unit in China to carry out this intervention. In this study, we summarized achievements in past 20 years, to provide suggestions and evidence for the next stage of iodine supplementation. METHODS: This study summarized and analyzed monitoring data of children from 1997, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2014, and 2017 in Shanghai. In each monitoring year, 30 streets or towns were selected using the probability-proportional-to-size sampling technique. One primary school was selected from each street or town by a simple random sampling technique. From each school, 40 children aged 8 to 10 years were randomly selected. The number of children was divided equally by sex and age. RESULTS: In 1997, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2014, and 2017, median urinary iodine (MUI) was 227.5 µg/L, 214.3 µg/L, 198.1 µg/L, 181.6 µg/L, 171.4 µg/L, and 183.0 µg/L, goiter rate was 3.07, 0.40, 0.08, 0.08, 0.86, and 1.90%, and median thyroid volume (MTvol) was 2.9 mL, 1.2 mL, 2.4 mL, 1.0 mL, 1.8 mL, and 2.8 mL, respectively. There was a linear correlation between goiter rate and median thyroid volume (MTvol) (r = 0.95, P = 0.014). Household salt iodine concentration (SIC) was dropping every monitoring (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference among different household SIC groups in MUI in 1999 and 2017, and in MTvol in 1999 (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the other years. CONCLUSIONS: In Shanghai, the iodine status of 8 to 10 years old children is adequate. Household SIC have little effect on iodine status of children. Future studies should analyze the dietary sources of iodine, especially from pre-packaged and prepared-away-from-home foods or meals. The regular monitoring of iodine status is important to human health.

[Effect of iron supplementation on iron deficiency anemia of childbearing age women in Shanghai].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of iron supplementation on iron deficiency anemia of childbearing age women, and to find out the optimal amount of iron intake for maintaining their health. METHODS: 74 childbearing age women aged 21 to 45 years with anemia were randomly assigned to intervention or control group by hemoglobin content, and a iron nutrition packet (mainly composed of ferric pyrophosphate and ferrous fumarate, containing iron 8 mg) or a placebo packet was given daily for six months, respectively. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, food frequency and 24h dietary recall survey were performed before intervention and three and six months after intervention. RESULTS: Hemoglobin and serum ferritin of the intervention group were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in control group after six months. The number of women with hemoglobin > or = 120 g/L in intervention and control group was 15 (44.1%) and 5 (14.3%), respectively (P < 0.01). The number of women with serum ferritin > or = 15 micro g/L in intervention and control group was 11 (34.4%) and 4 (12.5%), respectively (P < 0.05). The average dietary iron intake was 14.0 mg/d, mainly from plant foods. There was a positive correlation of total iron intake (dietary iron plus iron supplements) with hemoglobin (r = 0.57, P < 0.01). More menstrual blood and dietary fiber were the risk factors for iron deficiency anemia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anemic status in childbearing age women could be improved by providing iron 8 mg daily for six months consecutively. Daily dietary intake of iron 23.2 mg can meet the requirement of maintaining normal iron storage for childbearing age women.