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1.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 6230, 2018 04 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29670200

RESUMEN

Although recent studies focused on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia have reported that it may be beneficial, there is still lack of convincing evidence and critical meta-analytic work regarding its effectiveness as an adjunctive therapy. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of TCM in combination with antipsychotics for refractory schizophrenia. Fourteen articles involving 1725 patients published as of December 2016 were included which compared antipsychotic therapies to either TCM alone, or TCM as an adjunctive therapy. TCM was observed to have beneficial effects on aspects of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) including total score changes and negative score changes, as well as clinical effects estimated with PANSS or the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The changes in extrapyramidal side effects (RSESE) scores from baseline to the end of the treatment period were similar in two groups of related trials. TCM was also reported to mitigate some anti-psychotic related side-effects and overall, TCM adjuvant therapy was generally safe and well tolerated. While, the results indicated the potential utility of TCM as an alternative adjunctive therapeutic for refractory schizophrenia treatment, there remains a need for further high-quality studies.


Asunto(s)
Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/administración & dosificación , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional China , Oportunidad Relativa , Sesgo de Publicación , Resultado del Tratamiento
2.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 129(5): 578-85, 2016 Mar 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26904993

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Several studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have indicated that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) might improve cognitive function by changing brain activations in patients with schizophrenia. However, the results were not consistent in these changed brain areas in different studies. The present activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether cognitive function change was accompanied by the brain activation changes, and where the main areas most related to these changes were in schizophrenia patients after CRT. Analyses of whole-brain studies and whole-brain + region of interest (ROI) studies were compared to explore the effect of the different methodologies on the results. METHODS: A computerized systematic search was conducted to collect fMRI and PET studies on brain activation changes in schizophrenia patients from pre- to post-CRT. Nine studies using fMRI techniques were included in the meta-analysis. Ginger ALE 2.3.1 was used to perform meta-analysis across these imaging studies. RESULTS: The main areas with increased brain activation were in frontal and parietal lobe, including left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule in patients after CRT, yet no decreased brain activation was found. Although similar increased activation brain areas were identified in ALE with or without ROI studies, analysis including ROI studies had a higher ALE value. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that CRT might improve the cognition of schizophrenia patients by increasing activations of the frontal and parietal lobe. In addition, it might provide more evidence to confirm results by including ROI studies in ALE meta-analysis.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Cognición , Remediación Cognitiva , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Humanos , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen
3.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 40(1): 141-8, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25993804

RESUMEN

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Danshen injection in treating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) of newborns. Computer retrievals were made in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and China info (before May 2014) and relevant literature references, and manual retrievals were made for journals and conference papers, in order to collect randomized or semi-randomized controlled trials concerning compound Danshen injection in the treatment of neonatal HIE. The quality of included references was evaluated according to literatures recommended by Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5. 3 software was applied in the statistical treatment. Finally, a total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included, covering 1,211 patients (including 639 patients in the compound Danshen injection-treated group and 572 patients in the control group). Meta-analysis results showed that the routine treatment combined with compound Danshen injection can improve the treatment efficiency of neonatal HIE [RR = 1.28; 95% CI (1.21-1.36)], reduce the mortality rate [RR = 0.42; 95% CI (0.23-0.75)] and the incidence of long-term neurological sequelae [RR = 0.48; 95% CI (0.35-0.65)], with statistical differences. No fatal side effect was observed in all of included trials. So far, limited evidences in this study proved that the application of compound Danshen injection in the treatment of neonatal HIE can enhance the clinical efficiency. However, because of the low quality of the included trials, more well-designed and large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials shall be made in the future.


Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Inyecciones , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Salvia miltiorrhiza
4.
J Agric Food Chem ; 59(23): 12520-6, 2011 Dec 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22004472

RESUMEN

Breeding to increase folate levels in edible parts of plants, termed folate biofortification, is an economical approach to fight against folate deficiency in humans, especially in the developing world. Germplasm with elevated folates are a useful genetic source for both breeding and direct use. Spinach is one of the well-know vegetables that contains a relatively high amount of folate. Currently, little is known about how much folate, and their composition varies in different spinach accessions. The aim of this study was to investigate natural variation in the folate content and composition of spinach genotypes grown under controlled environmental conditions. The folate content and composition in 67 spinach accessions were collected from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) germplasm collections according to their origin, grown under control conditions to screen for natural diversity. Folates were extracted by a monoenzyme treatment and analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography (LC) method. The total folate content ranged from 54.1 to 173.2 µg/100 g of fresh weight, with 3.2-fold variation, and was accession-dependent. Four spinach accessions (PI 499372, NSL 6095, PI 261787, and TOT7337-B) have been identified as enriched folate content over 150 µg/100 g of fresh weight. The folate forms found were H(4)-folate, 5-CH(3)-H(4)-folate, and 5-HCO-H(4)-folate, and 10-CHO-folic acid also varied among different accessions and was responsible for variation in the total folate content. The major folate vitamer was represented by 5-CH(3)-H(4)-folate, which on average accounted for up to 52% of the total folate pool. The large variation in the total folate content and composition in diverse spinach accessions demonstrates the great genetic potential of diverse genotypes to be exploited by plant breeders.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Fólico/análisis , Spinacia oleracea/química , Cruzamiento , Alimentos Fortificados , Variación Genética , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Especificidad de la Especie , Spinacia oleracea/genética
5.
J Comp Neurol ; 518(15): 3149-68, 2010 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20533365

RESUMEN

VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 have been reported to show complementary distributions in most brain regions and have been assumed to define distinct functional elements. In the present study, we first investigated the expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex of the rat by dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although VGLUT1 and/or VGLUT2 mRNA signals were detected in all the nuclei, colocalization was found only in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Vp). About 64% of glutamatergic Vp neurons coexpressed VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, and the others expressed either VGLUT1 or VGLUT2, indicating that Vp neurons might be divided into three groups. We then injected retrograde tracer into the thalamic regions, including the posteromedial ventral nucleus (VPM) and posterior nuclei (Po), and observed that the majority of both VGLUT1- and VGLUT2-expressing Vp neurons were retrogradely labeled with the tracer. We further performed anterograde labeling of Vp neurons and observed immunoreactivies for anterograde tracer, VGLUT1, and VGLUT2 in the VPM and Po. Most anterogradely labeled axon terminals showed immunoreactivities for both VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the VPM and made asymmetric synapses with dendritic profiles of VPM neurons. On the other hand, in the Po, only a few axon terminals were labeled with anterograde tracer, and they were positive only for VGLUT2. The results indicated that Vp neurons expressing VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 project to the VPM, but not to the Po, although the functional differences of three distinct populations of Vp neurons, VGLUT1-, VGLUT2-, and VGLUT1/VGLUT2-expressing ones, remain unsettled.


Asunto(s)
Red Nerviosa/metabolismo , Tálamo/metabolismo , Nervio Trigémino/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Transporte Vesicular de Glutamato/biosíntesis , Proteína 2 de Transporte Vesicular de Glutamato/biosíntesis , Animales , Recuento de Células , Toxina del Cólera/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Microscopía Fluorescente , Red Nerviosa/química , Núcleos Talámicos Posteriores/citología , Núcleos Talámicos Posteriores/metabolismo , Terminales Presinápticos/metabolismo , Sondas ARN , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estilbamidinas , Tálamo/citología , Nervio Trigémino/citología , Núcleos Talámicos Ventrales/química , Núcleos Talámicos Ventrales/metabolismo
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