Chemical Components of Volatile Oil Extracted from the Fermentation Broth of Ganoderma lingzhi (Agaricomycetes) Coupled with Its Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities In Vitro.

Volatile oil extracted from fermentation broth of Ganoderma lingzhi by hydrodistillation was analyzed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its antitumor activity was tested on K562, SW620, A549, HepG2 cells in vitro. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the oil was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In total, 16 constituents were identified accounting for about 99.99% of the total volatile oil in the fermentation broth of G. lingzhi. Among these components, 1-propanol (33.33%), phenylacetaldehyde (24.24%), 2-hexyl-1-decanol (12.12%) were found to be the major constituents. The antitumor results showed that the IC50 of the inhibition to the proliferation of K562, SW620, A549, HepG2 cells were 32.2, 78.9, 96.4, 99.0 µg/mL, respectively. And the oil could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells by apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Moreover, the oil exhibited radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.1469 mg/mL) in DPPH assay.

Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oil from the White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes).

To fully analyze the composition of volatile oil extracted from Tremella fuciformis, hydrodistillation (HD) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) were adopted simultaneously. In both cases, the analysis was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the antioxidant activity of the volatile oil was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with rutin as a positive control. Nineteen components in HD and 68 components in SPME were identified, respectively. Moreover, the oil obtained from T. fuciformis by HD indicated that aromatic compounds were a major class (93.5%), followed by the terpenes (5.7%), alkanes (0.4%), and alcohols (0.3%). Among them, butylated hydroxytoluene was the highest concentration (92.5%) of the compounds. The compounds detected by SPME were different from those of HD, and the substances with the largest content were esters (57.7%), followed by alcohols (19.0%), acids (7.0%), and aldehydes (6.3%). Only three of the same substances were detected in both of them, namely borneol, (-)-α-terpineol, and acetic acid. In the DPPH assays, strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.176 mg/mL) was evident in volatile oil from T. fuciformis. Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the concentration of volatile oil.