Recent advances in light energy biotherapeutic strategies with photobiomodulation on central nervous system disorders.

Transcranial photobiomodulation refers to irradiation of the brain through the skull using low-intensity red or near-infrared light, which is the most commonly studied method of light energy biotherapy for central nervous system disorders. The absorption of photons by specific chromophores within the cell elevates ATP synthesis, reduces oxidative stress damage, alleviates inflammation or mediates the activation of transcription factors and signaling mediators through secondary mediators, which in turn trigger downstream signaling pathways to cause a series of photobiological effects including upregulation of neurotrophic factors. Multiple mechanisms are simultaneously involved in the pathological process of central nervous system disorders. The pleiotropic treatment of transcranial photobiomodulation towards multiple targets plays a beneficial role in improving hemodynamics, neural repair and improving behaviors in central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy and depression. This review mainly introduces the mechanism and recent preclinical and clinical advances of transcranial photobiomodulation for central nervous system disorders, which will provide a reference for clinicians to understand and engage in related studies, and calls for more and larger studies to validate and develop a wider application of transcranial photobiomodulation in central nervous system.

An injectable and thermosensitive hydrogel with nano-aided NIR-II phototherapeutic and chemical effects for periodontal antibacteria and bone regeneration.

Periodontitis is a common public health problem worldwide and an inflammatory disease with irregular defect of alveolar bone caused by periodontal pathogens. Both antibacterial therapy and bone regeneration are of great importance in the treatment of periodontitis. In this study, injectable and thermosensitive hydrogels with 3D networks were used as carriers for controlled release of osteo-inductive agent (BMP-2) and Near Infrared Region-II (NIR-II) phototherapy agents (T8IC nano-particles). T8IC nano-particles were prepared by reprecipitation and acted as photosensitizer under 808 nm laser irradiation. Besides, we promoted photodynamic therapy (PDT) through adding H2O2 to facilitate the antibacterial effect instead of increasing the temperature of photothermal therapy (PTT). Hydrogel + T8IC + Laser + BMP-2 + H2O2 incorporated with mild PTT (45 °C), enhanced PDT and sustained release of BMP-2. It was present with excellent bactericidal effect, osteogenic induction and biosafety both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, immunohistochemistry staining and micro-CT analyses had confirmed that PTT and PDT could promote bone regeneration through alleviating inflammation state. Altogether, this novel approach with synergistic antibacterial effect, anti-inflammation and bone regeneration has a great potential for the treatment of periodontitis in the future.

Xihuang pill induces pyroptosis and inhibits progression of breast cancer cells via activating the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway.

Xihuang pill (XHP), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to be effective for breast cancer (BC) therapy in clinical trials. However, the molecular mechanism of XHP in BC remains unclear. The molecular mechanism of XHP in BC was investigated in vivo by generating murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cell xenografts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect pyroptosis-related indicators. Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify potential targets of XHP. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), EdU, cell wound-healing, and transwell assays were performed to investigate the role of XHP in BC cells. Western blotting was performed to identify proteins related to the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway. XHP inhibited the growth of BC and induced pyroptosis. Western blotting confirmed the significant association between XHP and the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. XHP inhibited BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced pyroptosis. Inhibiting the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway reversed the anti-cancer activity of XHP. XHP inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces pyroptosis of BC cells via activating the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway.

Multi-Channel Lanthanide Nanocomposites for Customized Synergistic Treatment of Orthotopic Multi-Tumor Cases.

Simultaneous photothermal ablation of multiple tumors is limited by unpredictable photo-induced apoptosis, caused by individual intratumoral differences. Here, a multi-channel lanthanide nanocomposite was used to achieve tailored synergistic treatment of multiple subcutaneous orthotopic tumors under non-uniform whole-body infrared irradiation prescription. The nanocomposite reduces intratumoral glutathione by simultaneously activating the fluorescence and photothermal channels. The fluorescence provides individual information on different tumors, allowing customized prescriptions to be made. This enables optimal induction of hyperthermia and dosage of chemo drugs, to ensure treatment efficacy, while avoiding overtherapy. With an accessional therapeutic laser system, customized synergistic treatment of subcutaneous orthotopic cancer cases with multiple tumors is possible with both high efficacy and minimized side effects.

Acupuncture therapies for cancer-related fatigue: A Bayesian network meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most commonly reported symptoms impacting cancer survivors. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatments for CRF. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WanFang Database from inception to November 2022 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture treatments with sham interventions, waitlist (WL), or usual care (UC) for CRF treatment. The outcomes included the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pair-wise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed using STATA v17.0. Results: In total, 34 randomized controlled trials featuring 2632 participants were included. In the network meta-analysis, the primary analysis using CFS illustrated that point application (PA) + UC (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.33, 95% CI = -2.02, -0.63) had the highest probability of improving CFS, followed by manual acupuncture (MA) + PA (SMD = -1.21, 95% CI = -2.05, -0.38) and MA + UC (SMD = -0.80, 95% CI = -1.50, -0.09). Moreover, the adverse events of these interventions were acceptable. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that acupuncture was effective and safe on CRF treatment. However, further studies are still warranted by incorporating more large-scale and high-quality RCTs. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022339769.

Postoperative parenteral glutamine supplementation improves the short-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: A propensity score matching study.

Introduction: The clinical utility of glutamine in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative treatment with glutamine on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing CRC surgery. Methods: We included patients with CRC undergoing elective surgery between January 2014 and January 2021. Patients were divided into the glutamine and control groups. We retrospectively analyzed postoperative infections complications within 30 days and other outcomes using propensity score matching and performed between-group comparisons. Results: We included 1,004 patients who underwent CRC surgeries; among them, 660 received parenteral glutamine supplementation. After matching, there were 342 patients in each group. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 14.9 and 36.8% in the glutamine and control groups, respectively, indicating that glutamine significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative complications [p < 0.001; risk ratio (RR) 0.41 [95% CI 0.30-0.54]]. Compared with the control group, the glutamine group had a significantly lower postoperative infection complications rate (10.5 vs. 28.9%; p < 0.001; RR 0.36 [95% CI 0.26-0.52]). Although there was no significant between-group difference in the time to first fluid diet (p = 0.052), the time to first defecation (p < 0.001), first exhaust (p < 0.001), and first solid diet (p < 0.001), as well as hospital stay (p < 0.001) were significantly shorter in the glutamine group than in the control group. Furthermore, glutamine supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction (p = 0.046). Moreover, glutamine supplementation alleviated the decrease in albumin (p < 0.001), total protein (p < 0.001), and prealbumin levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Taken together, postoperative parenteral glutamine supplementation can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, promote the recovery of intestinal function, and improve albumin levels in patients undergoing CRC surgery.

New Ionone Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Allium sativum and Their Anti-Platelet Aggregation Activity.

The bulbs of Allium sativum known as garlic are widely used as food or seasoning. In China they have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since ancient times for the treatment of scabies, tuberculosis, pertussis, diarrhea and dysentery. A. sativum has reportedly shown platelet aggregation inhibition and has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are only few studies focussing on the aerial parts, which are normally discarded during harvest. In this study, two new ionone glycosides, dasuanxinosides D and E (1, 2: ), are isolated from the aerial parts together with 13 known compounds including alkanes derivatives and alkyl glycosides (3 - 15: ), which are reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures are identified by extensive NMR and HRMS analyses. The isolated compounds are evaluated for their inhibitory effect on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro.

Rhythm Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy Enhancing Immunogenic Cell Death Response in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The low antitumor efficiency and unexpected thermo-tolerance activation of mild-temperature photothermal therapy (mPTT) severely impede the therapeutic efficacy, thereby the implementation of reasonable mPTT procedure to improve antitumor efficiency is of great significance for clinical transformation. Herein, a rhythm mPTT with organic photothermal nanoparticles (PBDB-T NPs) is demonstrated, synergistically increasing tumor elimination and intense immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) to elicit tumor-specific immune responses for tumor treatment. Specifically, PBDB-T NPs are characterized by favorable biocompatibility, excellent and controllable photothermal properties, exhibit the properties of noninvasive diagnostic imaging, and effective mPTT against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Encouragingly, a temperature-dependent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is discovered during the mPTT-induced ICD. Meanwhile, orchestrated rhythm mPTT referring to radiotherapy procedure amplifies and balances antitumor efficiency and abundant DAMPs generation to gain optimal immune activation within clinical-recommended hyperthermia temperature compared with conventional PTT. The in vitro and in vivo results show that the rhythm mPTT unites the killing effect and ICD induction, generating strong mPTT efficacy and active tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. The study offers a promising strategy and a new opportunity for the clinical application of mPTT.

[Protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis compatibility against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating Keap1/Nrf2/PGC-1α].

This paper aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis before and after compatibility against triptolide(TP)-induced hepatotoxicity. The experiment was divided into a blank group, model group, Astragalus membranaceus group, Angelica sinensis group, and compatibility groups with Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 1∶1, 2∶1, and 5∶1. TP-induced hepatotoxicity model was established, and corresponding drug intervention was carried out. The levels of alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum were detected. Pathological injuries of livers were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione(GSH) in the liver were measured. Wes-tern blot method was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-1 alpha(PGC-1α), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1) in livers. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α in livers. The results indicated that Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 2∶1 and 5∶1 could significantly reduce the levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP, improve the pathological damage of liver tissue, increase the levels of GSH and GSH-Px, and reduce the content of MDA in liver tissue. Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 1∶1 and 2∶1 could significantly improve the level of SOD. Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis before and after compatibility significantly increased the protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1, improved the protein expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α, and decreased the protein expression of Keap1 in liver tissue. The above results confirmed that the compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis had antioxidant effects by re-gulating Keap1/Nrf2/PGC-1α, and the Astragalus membranaceus/Angelica sinensis ratio of 2∶1 and 5∶1 had stronger antioxidant effect and significantly reduced TP-induced hepatoto-xicity.

The efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for depression: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Depression is a common public health problem, characterized by persistent low mood, lack of pleasure and exhaustion. Conventional treatments such as antidepressants and psychotherapy have some limitations, including variable efficacy, adverse side effects and high costs. Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) therapy, as a subtype of acupuncture, has gained increasing clinical application due to its long-term effects, higher patient compliance, and cost-effectiveness. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACE for depression. Methods: Electronic searches will be conducted in 12 databases (both in English and Chinese databases), encompassing from inception to April 2022, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involve ACE for treating depression will be included. The primary outcome measures will include the response rate, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (TCMSSS). The secondary outcome measure will include Quality of Life scale score (QoL) and the incidence of adverse events. Results will be presented as risk ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The methodological quality of eligible studies will be evaluated according to the criteria specified by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0). Meta-analysis will be performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Discussion: Due to the limitations, a safer, high-efficacy and non-pharmacological intervention with minimal side effects is required for treating depression. ACE has the advantages of longer-lasting effects, improved patient compliance, and reduced treatment costs. This protocol represents a meta-analysis and systematic review, aiming to present the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ACE for depression. It seeks to provide clinicians with a theoretical basis and valuable references for complementary and alternative medicine therapies in their treatment approaches. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, Identifier CRD42022325966.

Buyang Huanwu Tang protects HO-induced RGC-5 cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis reactive oxygen species-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang() (BHT) protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from oxygen induced oxidative stress and apoptosis after anterior ischemia. METHODS: In this study, the Chinese herbs of BHT were extracted by first boiling in water, then were filtered, concentrated, and freeze-dried. The chemical profile of BHT extract was determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). HO-induced RGC-5 cells were used as a cell model to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BHT on RGCs. RESULTS: The survival rate of damaged RGC-5 by BHT was significantly increased by the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazolium-romid method. Fluorescence activating cell sorter (FACS analysis) showed that BHT could significantly reduce apoptosis induced by oxidative stress the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-Caspase-3 signal pathway. CONCLUSION: BHT possesses a high antioxidant capacity and could significantly reduce ROS levels of RGC-5 cells damaged by HO.Therefore, the present study has provided possible alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of ischemic optic disease by using traditional Chinese herbal formulas.

Thrombus-targeted nano-agents for NIR-II diagnostic fluorescence imaging-guided flap thromboembolism multi-model therapy.

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, flap repair is essential to the quality of postoperative life. Still, thrombosis is fatal for the survival of the flaps. Besides, some postoperative thrombotic diseases, such as pulmonary embolism, also intimidate patients' life. The traditional diagnostic methods are still limited by a large amount of hardware and suffer from inconvenience, delay, and subjectivity. Moreover, the treatments mainly rely upon thrombolytics, such as urokinase (UK) plasminogen activator, which may cause bleeding risk, especially intracerebral hemorrhage. Herein, a kind of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) containing a first near-infrared window (NIR-I) phototheranostic agent Y8 and urokinase plasminogen activator (UK) as the core, and modified with the fibrin-targeting peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro (GPRPP) were developed for the flap and postoperative thromboembolism treatment (named GPRPP-Y8U@P). The conjugated molecule Y8 endows GPRPP-Y8U@P with the capacity of NIR-II imaging and excellent photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic effects. In vivo experiments demonstrated that GPRPP-Y8U@P could quickly locate thrombus by NIR-II fluorescence imaging, and semi-quantitative analysis of the embolized blood vessels' paraffin section verified its thrombolytic efficiency. Additionally, the urokinase trapped in the NPs would not result in nonspecific bleeding, tremendously improving physical security and curative effects with minimizing side effects. Overall, the advantages of GPRPP-Y8U@P, such as precise localization of the thrombus, thrombus ablation in the site, and mild side effects, demonstrated the attractiveness of this approach for effective clinical monitoring of thrombus therapy.

LACC1 bridges NOS2 and polyamine metabolism in inflammatory macrophages.

The mammalian immune system uses various pattern recognition receptors to recognize invaders and host damage and transmits this information to downstream immunometabolic signalling outcomes. Laccase domain-containing 1 (LACC1) protein is an enzyme highly expressed in inflammatory macrophages and serves a central regulatory role in multiple inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, arthritis and clearance of microbial infection1-4. However, the biochemical roles required for LACC1 functions remain largely undefined. Here we elucidated a shared biochemical function of LACC1 in mice and humans, converting L-citrulline to L-ornithine (L-Orn) and isocyanic acid and serving as a bridge between proinflammatory nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and polyamine immunometabolism. We validated the genetic and mechanistic connections among NOS2, LACC1 and ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) in mouse models and bone marrow-derived macrophages infected by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. Strikingly, LACC1 phenotypes required upstream NOS2 and downstream ODC1, and Lacc1-/- chemical complementation with its product L-Orn significantly restored wild-type activities. Our findings illuminate a previously unidentified pathway in inflammatory macrophages, explain why its deficiency may contribute to human inflammatory diseases and suggest that L-Orn could serve as a nutraceutical to ameliorate LACC1-associated immunological dysfunctions such as arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.

Identifying the anti-metastasis effect of Anhydroicaritin on breast cancer: Coupling network pharmacology with experimental validation.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. and Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. are part of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drug pair (ECDP) widely used in the clinical treatment of breast cancer (BC). Both drugs have been proven to have anti-tumor effect. However, the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of ECDP remain to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the efficacy and potential mechanisms of actions of herb pair through network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The active ingredients of ECDP were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The corresponding potential target genes for ECDP components and BC were extracted from established databases, and the protein-protein interaction network of shared genes was constructed using STRING database. The effective ingredients and targets of ECDP for BC were obtained through the TCMSP database and GeneCards database. The potential targets and pathways were selected through the protein interaction network and enrichment analysis. Proliferation and migration experiments in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were performed to evaluate the effects of Anhydroicaritin (AHI) on BC. RESULTS: AHI is the potential candidate active ingredient of ECDP through TCMSP. Molecular docking revealed that AHI has excellent binding ability with TP53, VEGFA, MMP2, and Met. In vitro experiment results showed that AHI inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231, 4T1, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 BC cells. The inhibitory effect of AHI on triple-negative BC cells is more obvious. With the increase of AHI concentration, the colony-forming, migration, and metastasis abilities of the MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells gradually decreases. In addition, Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses results indicated that AHI downregulates HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling in triple-negative BC cells. AHI inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis while downregulating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA. CONCLUSION: AHI may play an anti-BC effect by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for AHI research and the clinical application of ECDP in BC.

Three new flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Allium sativum L. and their anti-platelet aggregation assessment.

Three new flavonoid glycosides, Dasuanxinoside F-H (1-3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Allium sativum, together with eight known compounds which were firstly reported in this plant, including three flavonoid glycosides (4-6) and five phenylethanoid glycosides (7-11). Their structures were identified by UV-vis, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, as well as HR-ESI-MS analyses. The inhibitory effect of the isolated compounds on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that most compounds displayed different degrees of inhibition. Among them, 2, 5, 8 and 9 exhibited the strongest activity on platelet aggregation.

An Engineered Protein-Au Bioplaster for Efficient Skin Tumor Therapy.

Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancer and may occur at any site and express melanocytes. Due to malignant melanoma's invasion and migration nature, conventional therapies make it challenging to remove the whole tumor tissue while undertaking the high risks of tumor recurrence. Regarding the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy, drug resistance and low immunotherapeutic activity remain significant challenges. It is thus becoming urgently important to develop alternative strategies for melanoma therapy. Herein, a novel bifunctional protein-based photothermal bioplaster (PPTB) is developed for non-invasive tumor therapy and skin tissue regeneration. The complexation of adhesive protein and gold nanorods (GNRs) endow the obtained PPTB with good biocompatibility, controllable near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated adhesion performance, and high photothermal performance. Therefore, the PPTB bioagent facilitates skin adhesion and effectively transfers heat from skin to tumor. This behavior endows PPTB capability to eradicate skin tumors conveniently. Thus, the assembly strategy enables this hybrid bioplaster to hold great potential for skin-related tumor treatment.

Longitudinal study on the trajectory and influencing factors of cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal trajectory and influencing factors of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.Methods:From March 2019 to January 2020, breast cancer patients in Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the research objects to conduct follow-up investigation. The survey tools included general information questionnaire, Cancer-related Fatigue Assessment Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale.Results:A total of 91 patients were included in the study. The incidence of severe CRF at each time point before chemotherapy, 3 weeks after chemotherapy and 6 weeks after chemotherapy were 1.1% (1/91), 8.8% (5/57) and 2.1% (1/48), respectively. The results of the generalized estimation equation showed that the trajectory of the total score CRF firstly increased and then decreased, reaching a peak at 3 weeks after chemotherapy (35.45±13.07), and mild CRF change showed statistical difference ( P<0.05). In addition, BMI and sleep and daytime dysfunction were the influencing factors of the total score of CRF. Disease stage, sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction were the influencing factors of CRF with different severity. Conclusions:CRF is a prominent problem in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Attention should be paid to high-risk individuals with abnormal BMI and daytime function by medical staff.

Network Meta-analysis of oral blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese patent medicines in treatment of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy / 中国中药杂志

This study was designed to assess the clinical efficacy of oral blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese patent medicines in treating hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) based on network Meta-analysis. The clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) concerning the treatment of hypertensive LVH with oral blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese patent medicines were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from their inception to September 2021. Two researchers independently completed the literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation. The data were then analyzed by RevMan 5.3, Stata 15.1, and ADDIS 1.16.8. Finally, a total of 31 RCTs were included, involving 3 001 patients and four oral blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese patent medicines. In terms of the alleviation of heart damage, the Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine groups were superior to the conventional western medicine groups in lo-wering the left ventricular mass index(LVMI). There was no significant difference in LVMI, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), or the ratio of early diastolic peak flow velocity to late diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A) between different Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine groups. Xinnao Shutong Capsules/Tablets combined with conventional western medicine had the best efficacy in reducing LVMI and elevating LVEF, while Xinkeshu Capsules/Tablets combined with conventional western medicine had the best effect in improving E/A. In the control of blood pressure, when all Chinese patent medicines except for Xinnao Shutong Capsules/Tablets were combined with conventional western medicine, the resulting systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) were significantly lower than those in the conventional western medicine group. Xinkeshu Capsules/Tablets combined with conventional western medicine produced the best effect in reducing SBP and DBP, followed by Xinnao Shutong Capsules/Tablets. In terms of safety, no serious adverse reactions occurred in all trials. The four oral blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese patent medicines included in this study exhibited obvious advantages in the treatment of hypertensive LVH when they were combined with conventional western medicine, with the best effects observed in the Xinnao Shutong Capsules/Tablets combined with conventional western medicine group. However, due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of the included articles, the conclusion of this study still needs to be verified by more high-quality, multi-center, and large-sample RCTs.

Cloning of Mn-SOD gene and its mRNA expression difference and antioxidant enzyme activities under hypoxia stress of cobia Rachycentron canadum.

BACKGROUND: Environmental hypoxia affects the survival and development of organisms. It is also an important environmental factor that leads to oxidative damage. Hypoxia is a condition in which tissues are deprived of oxygen; reoxygenation is the phenomenon in which hypoxic tissues are exposed to oxygen. Hypoxia-reoxygenation is vital in pathogenesis, where the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant disparity significantly contribute to disease progression, and it is one of the most common physiological stressors in the aquaculture industry. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the full length of complementary DNA (cDNA) of the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene of healthy cobia Rachycentron canadum was analysed using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to measure the expression levels of Mn-SOD mRNAs in various tissues (heart, muscle, brain, liver, kidney, gill, intestine, and spleen). The 2-ΔΔCT method was used to performed the expression analysis. The experimental data were analysed using SPSS ver. 19.0 ( https://spss.software.informer.com/19.0/ ). P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 were set as significant differences. The values were articulated as mean ± standard deviation. The Mn-SOD gene cDNA sequence was 1209 bp long, including a 684 bp open reading frame, 42 bp 5'UTR and 483 bp 3'UTR, encoding 227 amino acids. Under hypoxia-reoxygen stress, the expression of Mn-SOD in brain tissue was significantly lower than in the control group after 8 h of reoxygenation and higher than the control group after 24 h. Hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation triggered a disturbance in antioxidant homeostasis, displayed in the modification of GPx expression/activity in the liver: GPx was improved. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide valuable information on the role of Mn-SOD regulation in oxidative stress caused by hypoxia.