RESUMEN
Dendrobium Taiseed Tosnobile is a new species of herba dendrobii (Shi-Hu) that was developed by crossbreeding D. tosaense and D. nobile. Its pharmacological activity and active component have been reported, but its subchronic toxicity and genetic safety have not yet been investigated. This study assessed the 90-day oral toxicity and genetic safety of the aqueous extracts of D. Taiseed Tosnobile (DTTE) in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Eighty rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of ten male and ten female rats. DTTE was given orally to rats at 800, 1600, or 2400 mg/kg for 90 consecutive days, and distilled water was used for the control group. Genotoxicity studies were performed using a bacterial reverse mutation assay and in vivo mammalian cell micronucleus test in ICR mice and analyzed using flow cytometry. Throughout the study period, no abnormal changes were observed in clinical signs and body weight or on ophthalmological examinations. Additionally, no significant differences were found in urinalysis, hematology, and serum biochemistry parameters between the treatment and control groups. Necropsy and histopathological examination indicated no treatment-related changes. Based on results, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of DTTE is greater than 2400 mg/kg in SD rats.
RESUMEN
Antcin-H, a natural triterpene, is purified from a famous anticancer medicinal mushroom, Antrodia cinnamomea, in Taiwan. This study showed that antcin-H inhibited the growth of human renal carcinoma 786-0 cells; the IC50 value (for 48 h) was 170 µM. Besides, the migration and invasion of 786-0 cells were suppressed by antcin-H under noncytotoxic concentrations (<100 µM); these events were accompanied by inhibition of FAK and Src kinase activities, decrease of paxillin phosphorylation, impairment of lamellipodium formation, and upregulation of TIMPs and downregulation of MMPs, especially MMP-7 expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that antcin-H repressed the MMP-7 promoter activity, in parallel to inhibiting c-Fos/AP-1 and C/EBP-ß transactivation abilities. Moreover, antcin-H suppressed the activity of ERK1/2 and decreased the binding ability of C/EBP-ß and c-Fos on the upstream/enhancer region of MMP-7 promoter. Overall, this study demonstrated that the anti-invasive effect of antcin-H in human renal carcinoma 786-0 cells might be at least in part by abrogating focal adhesion complex and lamellipodium formation through inhibiting the Src/FAK-paxillin signaling pathways and decreasing MMP-7 expression through suppressing the ERK1/2-AP-1/c-Fos and C/EBP-ß signaling axis. Our findings provide the evidence that antcin-H may be an active component existing in A. cinnamomea with anticancer effect.
RESUMEN
In this study, hot-water extracts (HW) from roots of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT-R) were shown to lower levels of lipid accumulation significantly (P < 0.01 or 0.001) compared to the control in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The VTT-R-HW (40 mg/kg) interventions concurrent with a high-fat (HF) diet in C57BL/6 mice over a 5 eek period were shown to reduce body weights significantly (P < 0.05) compared to those of mice fed a HF diet under the same food-intake regimen. The (+)-ε-viniferin isolated from VTT-R-HW was shown to reduce the size of lipid deposits significantly compared to the control (P < 0.05 or 0.001) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and dose-dependent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitions showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated to be 96 µM. The two-stage (+)-ε-viniferin interventions (10 mg/kg, day 1 to day 38; 25 mg/kg, day 39 to day 58) were shown to lower mice body weights significantly (P < 0.05 or 0.001), the weight ratio of mesenteric fat, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to that of the HF group under the same food-intake regimen but without concurrent VTT-R-HW interventions. It might be possible to use VTT-R-HW or (+)-ε-viniferin as an ingredient in the development of functional foods for weight management, and this will need to be investigated further.
Asunto(s)
Benzofuranos/administración & dosificación , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Raíces de Plantas/química , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Vitis/química , Animales , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Obesidad/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The increasing prevalence of obesity continues to gain more attention worldwide. In this study, diet-induced obese mice were used to evaluate the antiobesity effects of extracts, fractions, and purified compounds from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT). The C57BL/6J mice were fed a 5-week high-fat diet (HF) concurrently with ethanol extracts (Et-ext, 80 mg/kg) from roots (R), stems (S), and leaves (L) by oral gavage daily. Only R-Et-ext interventions showed significant weight reduction in mice compared with those in the HF group; however, mouse plasma contents of total cholesterols (TC), total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) of all three Et-ext intervened groups showed significant reductions compared with those in the HF group. Furthermore, intervention with the ethyl acetate-partitioned fraction (EA-fra, 60 mg/kg) from R-Et-ext but not the n-butanol-partitioned fraction or water fraction from R-Et-ext showed significant weight reduction in mice compared with those in the HF group. The same molecular weights of three resveratrol tetramers, (+)-hopeaphenol, (+)-vitisin A, and (-)-vitisin B, were isolated from the EA-fra of VTT-R. The (+)-vitisin A and fenofibrate (25 mg/kg) but not the (+)-hopeaphenol and (-)-vitisin B interventions showed significant weight reduction in mice compared with those in the HF group. The total feed intake among the HF groups with or without interventions showed no significant differences. The mouse plasma contents of TC, TG, LDL, free fatty acid, and plasma lipase activity of the three resveratrol tetramer-intervened groups showed reductions in the mice compared with those in the HF group. It was proposed that the lipase inhibitory activities of VTT extracts and purified resveratrol tetramers might contribute in part to the antiobesity effect, and these results suggested that VTT may be developed as functional food for achieving antiobesity objectives and requires further investigation.
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Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Vitis/química , Animales , Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Obesos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Hojas de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Taiwán , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ethanol extracts (Et) from the stem (S) and leaf (L) of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT) were used to investigate yeast α-glucosidase and porcine kidney dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. Both VTT-Et showed complete α-glucosidase inhibition at 0.1 mg/mL; VTT-S-Et and VTT-L-Et showed 26 and 11% DPP-IV inhibition, respectively, at 0.5 mg/mL. The VTT-Et interventions (20 and 50 mg/kg) resulted in improvements in impaired glucose tolerance of diet-induced obese rats. (+)-Hopeaphenol, (+)-vitisin A, and (-)-vitisin B were isolated from the ethyl acetate fractions of S-Et and showed yeast α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 18.30, 1.22, and 1.02 µM) and porcine kidney DPP-IV inhibition (IC50 = 401, 90.75, and 15.3 µM) compared to acarbose (6.39 mM) and sitagliptin (47.35 nM), respectively. Both (+)-vitisin A and (-)-vitisin B showed mixed noncompetitive inhibition against yeast α-glucosidase and porcine kidney DPP-IV, respectively. These results proposed that VTT extracts might through inhibitions against α-glucosidase and DPP-IV improve the impaired glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats.
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Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , Animales , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4/metabolismo , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Cinética , Masculino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimología , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/farmacología , Porcinos , VitisRESUMEN
Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, an endemic plant of Taiwan, has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, enteritis, cough, pharyngitis, allergy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Austrobailignan-1, a natural lignan derivative isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, has anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties. However, the effects of austrobailignan-1 on human cancer cells have not been studied yet. Here, we showed that austrobailignan-1 inhibited cell growth of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H1299 cell lines in both dose- and time-dependent manners, the IC50 value (48 h) of austrobailignan-1 were 41 and 22 nM, respectively. Data from flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with austrobailignan-1 for 24 h retarded the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The molecular event of austrobailignan-1-mediated G2/M phase arrest was associated with the increase of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression, and decrease of Cdc25C expression. Moreover, treatment with 100 nM austrobailignan-1 for 48 h resulted in a pronounced release of cytochrome c followed by the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, and consequently induced apoptosis. These events were accompanied by the increase of PUMA and Bax, and the decrease of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, our study also showed that austrobailignan-1 was a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, as evidenced by a relaxation assay and induction of a DNA damage response signaling pathway, including ATM, and Chk1, Chk2, γH2AX phosphorylated activation. Overall, our results suggest that austrobailignan-1 is a novel DNA damaging agent and displays a topoisomerase I inhibitory activity, causes DNA strand breaks, and consequently induces DNA damage response signaling for cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in a p53 independent manner.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo I/metabolismo , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Lignanos/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Puntos de Control de la Fase M del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Medicinales/química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Lignanos/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I/químicaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Peperomia sui Lin and Lu (Peperomia sui), a well-known Taiwanese folk medicine, has a broad range of biological effects, especially in treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases. However, no previous study has explored the activity of Peperomia sui against influenza virus infections. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity and the potential virucidal effect of the ethanolic extract of Peperomia sui (PSE). METHODS: The anti-H6N1 avian influenza viral activity of PSE against the influenza virus A/Chicken/TW/0518/2011 (H6N1) in chicken fibroblast DF-1 cells was evaluated by cell viability assay, hemagglutination assay, neuraminidase activity assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay and quantitative RT-PCR assay. RESULTS: PSE significantly increased the viability of cells that were infected by the H6N1 virus. PSE also suppressed the synthesis of viral nucleoprotein (NP), and inhibited the growth of the virus in DF-1 cells. Further, PSE inhibited the neuraminidase activity of H6N1 virus. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide important information for the exploitation and utilization of Peperomia sui in treatment of influenza infection.
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Antivirales/farmacología , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Peperomia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Pollos , Etanol/química , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/virología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Gripe Aviar/tratamiento farmacológico , Gripe Aviar/virología , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental , Neuraminidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , TaiwánRESUMEN
Two new norsesquiterpenoids, solanerianones A and B (1-2), together with nine known compounds, including four sesquiterpenoids, (-)-solavetivone (3), (+)-anhydro-ß-rotunol (4), solafuranone (5), lycifuranone A (6); one alkaloid, N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7); one fatty acid, palmitic acid (8); one phenylalkanoid, acetovanillone (9), and two steroids, ß-sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11) were isolated from the n-hexane-soluble part of the roots of Solanum erianthum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical and spectroscopic data analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity of these isolates was monitored by nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity towards human lung squamous carcinoma (CH27), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B), human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC-3) and human melanoma (M21) cell lines was also screened by using an MTT assay. Of the compounds tested, 3 exhibited the strongest NO inhibition with the average maximum inhibition (Emax) at 100 µM and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 98.23% ± 0.08% and 65.54 ± 0.18 µM, respectively. None of compounds (1-9) was found to possess cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines at concentrations up to 30 µM.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Solanum/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética con Carbono-13 , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects of ethanolic extracts (EE) and compounds isolated from the small-leaf grape (Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana, VTT). The highest antiangiotensin-converting enzyme (anti-ACE) was found in stem-EE (IC50 was 69.5 µg/mL). In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), stem-EE effectively reduced blood pressure 24 h after administration of a single oral dose or when administered daily for 4 weeks. The isolated compounds, including (+)-vitisin A, ampelopsin C, and (+)-ε-viniferin, were shown to have anti-ACE and vasodilating effects against phenylephrine-induced tensions in an endothelium-intact aortic ring, with (+)-vitisin A being the most effective compound. Compared to control rats, SHRs showed significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures 24 h after a single oral dose of (+)-vitisin A (10 mg/kg) or captopril (2 mg/kg). These results suggest that the development of functional foods with VTT extracts may be beneficial for regulating blood pressure.
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Antihipertensivos/administración & dosificación , Antihipertensivos/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Vitis/química , Administración Oral , Angiotensinas/efectos de los fármacos , Angiotensinas/metabolismo , Animales , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Captopril/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanol , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Masculino , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana are traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea, fracture and injury, jaundice, and hepatitis in Taiwan. AIM OF THE STUDY: The hepatoprotective activity of its plant extracts seems to be been associated with its antioxidant activity. This paper aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract of Vitis thunbergii (EVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In HPLC analysis, the fingerprint chromatogram of EVT was established. Antioxidant ability of EVT was investigated by employing several established in vitro methods. In vivo antioxidant activity was tested against CCl(4)-induced toxicity in mice. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected in the blood to indicate hepatic injury. Product of lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were evaluated for oxidative stress in hepatic injury. Moreover, histopathological observation was assayed for the degree of hepatic injury. RESULTS: EVT exhibited strong antioxidant ability in vitro. After oral administration of EVT significantly decreased ALT and AST, and ameliorated the oxidative stress in hepatic tissue and increased the activity of CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased in the group treated with CCl(4) plus EVT. Western blotting revealed that EVT blocked protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CCl(4)-treated rats, significantly. Histopathological examination of livers showed that EVT reduced fatty degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization and necrosis in CCl(4)-treated rats. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that EVT possesses antioxidant effects in vitro and hepatoprotective effect on acute liver injuries induced by CCl(4)in vivo, and the results suggested that the effect of EVT against CCl(4)-induced liver damage is related to its antioxidant properties.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Vitis , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Catalasa/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Etanol/química , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Solventes/química , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
Antrodia cinnamomea (named as Niu-chang-chih), a well-known Taiwanese folk medicinal mushroom, has a spectrum of biological activities, especially with anti-tumor property. This study was carried out for the first time to examine the potential role and the underlying mechanisms of A. cinnamomea in the differentiation of human leukemia HL60 cells. We found that the methanol extract of liquid cultured mycelia of A. cinnamomea (MEMAC) inhibited proliferation and induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest in HL60 cells. MEMAC could induce differentiation of HL60 cells into the monocytic lineage, as evaluated by the morphological change, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay, non-specific esterase assay, and expression of CD14 and CD11b surface antigens. In addition, MEMAC activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ß (C/EBPß) expression. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that MEMAC upregulated the expression of C/EBPß and CD14 mRNA in HL60 cells. DNA affinity precipitation assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that MEMAC enhanced the direct binding of C/EBPß to its response element located at upstream of the CD14 promoter. Furthermore, inhibiting ERK pathway activation with PD98059 markedly blocked MEMAC-induced HL60 monocytic differentiation. Consistently, the MEMAC-mediated upregulation of C/EBPß and CD14 was also suppressed by PD98059. These findings demonstrate that MEMAC-induced HL60 cell monocytic differentiation is via the activating ERK signaling pathway, and downstream upregulating the transcription factor C/EBPß and differentiation marker CD14 gene, suggesting that MEMAC might be a potential differentiation-inducing agent for treatment of leukemia.
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Antrodia/química , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Carboxilesterasa/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/genética , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/genética , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Anhídridos Maleicos/química , Anhídridos Maleicos/aislamiento & purificación , Anhídridos Maleicos/farmacología , Maleimidas/química , Maleimidas/aislamiento & purificación , Maleimidas/farmacología , Metanol , Monocitos/citología , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Micelio/química , Fenotipo , Cultivo Primario de Células , ARN Mensajero , Activación Transcripcional , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
AIMS OF THE STUDY: Antrodia cinnamomea is a folk medicinal mushroom commonly used in Taiwan for the treatment of several types of cancers and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to explore the folk use of Antrodia cinnamomea on pharmacological grounds to characterize the scientific basis of anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of liquid cultured mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (MEMAC) was judged by the measurement of the produced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of MEMAC was evaluated using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite oxide (NO) in the edema paw. The levels of serum NO and TNF-α were measured. The MEMAC was administered at the concentrations of 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of mouse. RESULTS: MEMAC inhibited the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and mediators (NO and PGE2) in RAW264.7 cells and human PBMCs. Data from Western blotting showed that MEMAC decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, MEMAC showed significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the edema volume in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. MEMAC (400mg/kg) also reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration (50.92±5.71%). Further, MEMAC increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the liver tissue and decreased the levels of serum NO and TNF-α after carrageenan administration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that MEMAC has the anti-inflammatory property both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antrodia , Inflamación/prevención & control , Metanol/química , Solventes/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antrodia/química , Carragenina , Catalasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Medicina Tradicional , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Micelio , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Stems of genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) have been traditionally used as an herbal medicine (Dendrobii Herba) in Eastern Asia. Although demand for Dendrobium is increasing rapidly, wild resources are decreasing due to over-collection. This study aimed to identify plant sources of Dendrobii Herba on the market based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We constructed an ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence database of 196 Dendrobium species, and the database was employed to identify 21 herbal samples. We found that 13 Dendrobium species (D. catenatum, D. cucullatum, D. denudans, D. devonianum, D. eriiflorum, D. hancockii, D. linawianum, D. lituiflorum, D. loddigesii, D. polyanthum, D. primulinum, D. regium, and D. transparens) were possibly used as plant sources of Dendrobii Herba, and unidentified species allied to D. denudans, D. eriiflorum, D. gregulus, or D. hemimelanoglossum were also used as sources. Furthermore, it is clear that D. catenatum is one of the most important sources of Dendrobii Herba (5 out of 21 samples).
Asunto(s)
ADN Ribosómico/efectos de los fármacos , Dendrobium/química , Medicina de Hierbas , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Ligustrum morrisonense Kaneh and Sasaki (abbreviated as LM), an endemic Ligustrum plant in Taiwan, is similar to Ligustrum lucidum, which is usually used for curing hepatic and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of LM by chemical-induced algesia and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rodents. Its triterpenoid contents were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. LM leaf extracts effectively inhibited writhing responses induced by 1% acetic acid and biphasic-licking responses caused by 1% formalin. LM leaf extract also reduced the edema induced by 1% carrageenan. Furthermore, LM leaf extract reduced the abdominal Evan's blue extravasations caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serotonin, histamine and bradykinin. LM leaf extract has higher contents of amyrin and lupeol among six assayed triterpenoid compounds. In conclusion, LM is a potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory Ligustrum plant, and its anti-inflammatory effects are partially related to decreasing microvascular permeability via inflammatory mediators and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
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Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Ligustrum/química , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Triterpenos/uso terapéutico , Abdomen/irrigación sanguínea , Analgésicos/análisis , Analgésicos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/análisis , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Permeabilidad Capilar/efectos de los fármacos , Carragenina , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/análisis , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/uso terapéutico , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Extravasación de Materiales Terapéuticos y Diagnósticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Formaldehído , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Oleanólico/análisis , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacología , Ácido Oleanólico/uso terapéutico , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/análisis , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/uso terapéutico , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Triterpenos/análisis , Triterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT) is a wild grape native to Taiwan, where it has been used as a folk medicine. In this study, we found that the branch and leaf ethanol extracts of VTT significantly inhibited the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase protein expression and NO production in BV2 microglia. Using primary neuronal cells, kainic acid (KA) significantly increased hydrogen peroxide production in a dose-dependent manner. All four ethanol extracts of VTT significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide production. However, only root and branch ethanol extracts were able to prevent the neuronal cell death induced by KA in vitro. In the animal study, administration of all four plant part extracts of VTT delayed the onset of seizure and decreased the hippocampus neuronal cell loss, and the neuroprotective activity could be ranked as follows: branch approximately leaf > root > trunk. The results suggest that VTT extracts have a potential to prevent neurodegeneration through the antioxidative activity by their ability to inhibit NO and hydrogen peroxide production.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitis , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Kaínico , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/antagonistas & inhibidores , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Convulsiones/metabolismoRESUMEN
The bioactive polysaccharides (named ZPF1) from yam ( Dioscorea batatas) were chemically determined, suggesting repeating beta-1,4-mannan as mainly having a feature of acetylation on C2-OH and C3-OH, around 28%. The ZPF1 participated in the stimulation of murine wild-type macrophages predominantly in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). Toll-like receptor 4 is proved to be one of the cellular receptors in ZPF1-mediated TNFalpha secretion. Reactive oxygen species transmission and PI3-kinase are found necessary for regulating TNFalpha secretion by ZPF1 stimulation. Moreover, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase play important roles in the regulation of TNFalpha secretion in ZPF1-stimulated macrophages.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Toll-Like 4/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología , Animales , Línea Celular , Dioscorea/inmunología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
Plant phenolic compounds isolated from a 70% aqueous acetone extract of the leaves of Malus doumeri A. CHEV. var. formosana (KAWAK. & KOIDZ.) S. S. YING, a type of Taiwanese indigenous plant, were evaluated for potential application in the field of skin care. A phytochemical investigation of the active fractions resulted in the isolation of seven compounds of which the structures were identified by spectroscopic characterization. In the present study, the isolated phenolic compounds were evaluated for their free radical-scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the superoxide radicals, anti-elastase, and for their anti-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity in human skin fibroblast cells. Of these compounds, 3-hydroxyphloridzin (2), 3-hydroxyphloretin (6), and quercetin (7) exhibited the strongest DPPH and superoxide radical-scavenging activities. The IC50 values of these compounds were 9.2, 7.7, and 15.4 microM, respectively, for the DPPH radical, and 25.0, 19.6, and 42.6 microM, respectively, for the superoxide radical. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin (2) and 3-hydroxyphloretin (6) also showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 52.1 and 22.4 muM, respectively. In the test for elastase inhibitory activity, phloretin (5) and 3-hydroxyphloretin (6) were the most potent compounds. Phloretin (5), 3-hydroxyphloretin (6), and quercetin (7) showed better inhibition of MMP-1 production in fibroblast cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the active phenolic compounds from M. doumeri var. formosana have been isolated, reported, and described. The above results suggest that the extract of M. doumeri var. formosana containing phenolic compounds could be suitable naturally occurring active constituents for use in anti-aging or cosmetic products.