Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） is a systemic disease characterized by increased bone fragility caused by insufficient estrogen secretion in women after menopause，resulting in decreased bone mass and damage to the microstructure of bone tissues. The main clinical manifestations are low back pain，osteoporotic fractures，spinal deformities，and multiple organ dysfunction. PMOP directly leads to high morbidity， high mortality， and a decline in the quality of life. In addition to miss diagnosis， it is often not treated in time. In recent years， significant progress has been made in the research on factors related to the pathogenesis of PMOP. Based on the previous findings in recent years，this article described three major pathogenesis of PMOP， including intestinal flora imbalance，oxidative stress，and abnormal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMMSCs）， and analyzed the current status of PMOP treatment， such as syndrome differentiation and treatment，acupuncture and moxibustion，exercise therapy， and external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and basic measures，drug intervention，and physical therapy in western medicine. Among them，drug intervention in western medicine treatment is generally divided into bone resorption inhibitors，bone formation promoters，and other mechanism drugs according to the mechanism of action. This article summarized the specific methods and effects or mechanisms of TCM and western medicine in the clinical treatment of PMOP，which is expected to provide a reference for formulating reasonable health management models and drug treatments in the future.

Association between Selenium in Soil and Diabetes in Chinese Residents Aged 35-74 Years: Results from the 2010 National Survey of Chronic Diseases and Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To explore the association between soil selenium levels and the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults aged 35-74 years.@*Methods@#Data for this study were derived from the China Chronic Diseases and Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance 2010 survey. Selenium concentrations in soil were obtained from the Atlas of Soil Environmental Background Values in China. A two-level binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between soil selenium concentrations and the risk of diabetes, with participants nested within districts/counties.@*Results@#A total of 69,332 participants aged 35-74 years, from 158 districts/counties were included in the analysis. Concentrations of selenium in soil varied greatly across the 158 districts/counties, with a median concentration of 0.219 mg/kg ( : 0.185-0.248). The results showed that both Quartile 1 (0.119-0.185 mg/kg) and Quartile 4 (0.249-0.344 mg/kg) groups were positively associated with diabetes compared to a soil selenium concentration of 0.186-0.219 mg/kg (Quartile 2), crude odds ratios ( s) (95% ) were 1.227 (1.003-1.502) and 1.280 (1.048-1.563). The values were 0.045 and 0.013, for Quartile 1 and Quartile 4 groups, respectively. After adjusting for all confounding factors of interest, the Quartile 1 group became non-significant, and the Quartile 4 group had an adjusted (95% ) of 1.203 (1.018-1.421) relative to the reference group (Quartile 2), the values was 0.030. No significant results were seen for the Quartile 3 group (0.220-0.248 mg/kg) compared to the reference group.@*Conclusion@#Excessive selenium concentrations in soil could increase the risk of diabetes among Chinese adults aged 35-74 years.

Determination of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The PGG was extracted with a solvent consisting of ethanol and water (50:50) in ultrasonic bath at 50-60 degrees C for 1 hour. A Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used for the separation and analysis of PGG with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2. 5 % acetic acid solution (18:82). The wavelength of detection was at 280 nm, and flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve for PGG is linear over the range of 1-150 microg mL(-1) (r =0.9994), and PGG was found in seventeen kinds of Chinese traditional medicines, such as gall tree peony bark, red peony root, white peony root, and so on.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The contents of PGG were determined in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by a rapid and precision HPLC method.</p>

Determination of phillyrin and forsythoside A in Lianqiao Bingdu Qing capsule by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish methods for the determination of phillyrin and forsythoside A in Lianqiao Bingdu Qing capsule by RP-HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The determination of phillyrin was carried out on YWG-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 10 microm), using acetonitrile-water (25:75) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1) and detected at the wavelength 277 nm. The determination of forsythoside A was carried out with YWG-C18 column(4.6 mm x 250 mm,10 microm), using acetonitrile-water-Acetic acid (17:83:0.4) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detected at the wavelength 280 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average recovery of phillyrin was 99.6%, RSD = 1.9% (n = 5). The average recovery of forsythoside A was 101.3%, RSD = 2.5% ( n = 5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The methods were simple and accurate and could be used to control the quality of the Lianqiao Bingdu Qing capsule.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in fruits of Tibetan medicine Phyllanthus emblica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Tibetan medicine Phyllanthus emblica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents, and the structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>11 compounds were isolated and identified as gallic acid (I), ellagic acid (II), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (III), 3,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose (IV), chebulinic acid (V), quercetin (VI), chebulagic acid (VII), corilagin (VIII), 3-ethylgallic acid (3-ethoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, IX), isostrictiniin (X), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (XI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3-Ethylgallic acid (3-ethoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid) is a novel compound, and isostrictiniin was found from P. emblica for the first time.</p>