RESUMEN
In the United States, it is estimated that more than 1.7 million people will be diagnosed with cancer, and more than 600,000 will die of the disease in 2018. The financial costs associated with cancer risk factors and cancer care are enormous. To substantially reduce both the number of individuals diagnosed with and dying from cancer and the costs associated with cancer each year in the United States, government and industry and the public health, medical, and scientific communities must work together to develop, invest in, and implement comprehensive cancer control goals and strategies at the national level and expand ongoing initiatives at the state and local levels. This report is the second in a series of articles in this journal that, together, describe trends in cancer rates and the scientific evidence on cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship to inform the identification of priorities for a comprehensive cancer control plan. Herein, we focus on existing evidence about established, modifiable risk factors for cancer, including prevalence estimates and the cancer burden due to each risk factor in the United States, and established primary prevention recommendations and interventions to reduce exposure to each risk factor.
Asunto(s)
Costo de Enfermedad , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Prevención Primaria/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Atención a la Salud , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/economía , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/tendencias , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud/economía , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/economía , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/etiología , Prevalencia , Prevención Primaria/economía , Prevención Primaria/tendencias , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Rapidly growing interest in colon cancer screening is a crucial first step to identifying and reducing many of the barriers that impede population screening for this common disease. Promoting screening demands health care policy change to increase the percentage of Americans with insurance coverage that includes a colon cancer screening benefit. A systematic approach to screening with invitations that come from a clinician are likely to be the most effective way to prompt more individuals to be screened. Awareness campaigns and patient educational aids, including decision tools, implemented in multiple sites, such as worksites, community centers, health care systems, and physician offices, increase the percent of eligible Americans who understand their personal risk, the need for screening, and the options available to them.