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Medicinas Complementárias
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1.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 49(3): 661-670, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38621870

RESUMEN

Scorpions, a group of oldest animals with wide distribution in the world, have a long history of medicinal use. Scorpio, the dried body of Buthus martensii, is a rare animal medicine mainly used for the treatment of liver diseases, spasm, and convulsions in children in China. The venom has been considered as the active substance of scorpions. However, little is known about the small molecules in the venom of scorpions. According to the articles published in recent years, scorpions contain amino acids, fatty acids, steroids, and alkaloids, which endow scorpions with antimicrobial, anticoagulant, metabolism-regulating, and antitumor activities. This paper summarizes the small molecule chemical components and pharmacological activities of scorpions, with a view to providing valuable information for the discovery of new active molecules and the clinical use of scorpions.


Asunto(s)
Animales Ponzoñosos , Antiinfecciosos , Venenos de Escorpión , Animales , Niño , Humanos , Péptidos/química , Escorpiones/química , Escorpiones/metabolismo , ADN Complementario , Venenos de Escorpión/farmacología
2.
World J Clin Cases ; 11(26): 6213-6222, 2023 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37731555

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) is a rare disease that progresses rapidly. The first-line treatment for AVPC is currently unknown. We examined a rare case of AVPC with rare brain and bladder metastases. A summary review of the mechanism of development, clinicopathological manifestations, associated treatments and prognosis of this disease is presented. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCA), and was actively treated with endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. Unfortunately, he was insensitive to treatment, and the disease progressed rapidly. He died five years after being diagnosed with PCA. CONCLUSION: We should reach consensus definitions of the AVPC and other androgen receptor-independent subtypes of PCA and develop new biomarkers to identify groups of high-risk variants. It is crucial to complete a puncture biopsy of the tumor or metastatic lesion as soon as possible in patients with advanced PCA who exhibit clinical features such as low Prostate-specific antigen levels, high carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and insensitivity to hormones to determine the pathological histological type and to create a more aggressive monitoring and treatment regimens.

3.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 224: 713-724, 2023 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36280174

RESUMEN

In the study, the adjuvant features of the immunoregulatory polysaccharide component CARP2 isolated from cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. for influenza virus vaccine (IVV) and the mechanism responsible for its action in DCs were further explored. CARP2 showed a typical absorbance peak of polysaccharides in spectral analysis. At two doses of CARP2-adjuvanted IVV, IgG, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, and effector/memory T cells were generated and lasted for 275 days without adverse events. CARP2 primed rapid HI and IgG, IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, splenocyte proliferation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and facilitated the generation of INF-γ and IL-4 by activating DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Additionally, CARP2 achieved the ten-fold dose-sparing effect. In vitro, CARP2 stimulated DCs to prime the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines and CCR7 and activated MyD88-dependent pathway by upregulating the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, and p65. In contrast, MyD88, TRAF-6, and NF-κB inhibitors partially blocked the effect through reducing related cytokines and proteins. Overall, CARP2 promoted IVV efficacy, which was involved in the modulation of Th1/Th2 responses and shifted toward Th1-polarizing response via TLR4/MyD88/TRAF/NF-κB activation in DCs.


Asunto(s)
Artemisia , Vacunas contra la Influenza , Animales , Ratones , Artemisia/metabolismo , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina G , Polisacáridos , Inmunidad , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C
5.
Carbohydr Polym ; 291: 119525, 2022 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35698367

RESUMEN

Two components (CARP-1 and CARP-2) were fractionated from cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. and then characterized by HPGPC and HPLC. CARP-1 with a molecular weight of 2.72 × 104 Da and CARP-2 with a molecular weight of 2.08 × 104 Da were mainly composed of galactose, arabinose, glucose and rhamnose. Polysaccharides were the active components as confirmed by the increased CD40, CD86, TNF-α, and IL-6, allogeneic T-cell activation, and reduced endocytosis in vitro assays. CARP-1 and CARP-2 at 10 to 3200 µg/mL was not cytotoxic to the splenocytes of mice. After immunization, CARP-1 and CARP-2 combined with OVA elicited mixed Th1/Th2 responses, especially polarized Th1 response. Furthermore, TLR4 inhibitor decreased CARP-1- and CARP-2-induced DC activation. Western blot revealed that CARP-1 and CARP-2 stimulated the phosphorylation changes of target proteins in NF-κB and MAPK pathways in a dose- or time-related manner. Overall, CARP-1 and CARP-2 could be exploited as an effective and safe adjuvant for vaccines.


Asunto(s)
Artemisia , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Animales , Ratones , FN-kappa B , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa
6.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 294: 115350, 2022 Aug 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35533909

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Influenza virus vaccines (IVV) with balanced TH1/TH2 responses are critical for controlling seasonal influenza. Emerging evidences suggest that herbal polysaccharides can induce potent TH1 or mixed TH1/TH2 responses. AIM OF STUDY: The study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of crude polysaccharides from cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. (CPCAR) as an adjuvant for IVV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CPCAR was prepared with hot extraction and ethanol precipitation method and primary physico-chemical characters were tested. Mice were vaccinated by subcutaneous route with IVV formulated with different dose of CPCAR to detecting the elicited TH1/TH2 responses and long-term immune responses with dose-sparing sparing effect. RESULTS: IVV formulated with CPCAR without LPS contamination could augment balanced TH1/TH2 responses, as indicated by early IgG response, hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies, effector T-cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Moreover, CPCAR elicited long-term IgG, HAI antibodies, memory T cells, and balanced CD4/CD8 responses within 168 days after vaccination. Compared with IVV alone, a low or high dose of IVV formulated with CPCAR improved the levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a and enhanced memory T cells and balanced CD4/CD8 responses, displaying a 10-fold dose-sparing effect. As determined by IgE response and monitoring results of weekly body weight and daily symptoms after vaccination, anaphylaxis or adverse effect was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the study demonstrated the potential of CPCAR as an aqueous polysaccharide adjuvant for IVV to induce rapid and balanced TH1/TH2 responses and long-lasting immunity with dose-sparing effect.


Asunto(s)
Artemisia , Vacunas contra la Influenza , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Animales , Inmunoglobulina G , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Células TH1
7.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 277: 114256, 2021 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34062250

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Herbal polysaccharides have exhibited great immune-enhancing potential. Adjuvants are a key tool for developing efficacious vaccines. In our previous study, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from wild Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma showed potent immunostimulatory activity. AIM OF STUDY: In this study, the immune profiles and efficacy of aqueous extracts of cultivated Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (AECCD) on ICR mice against ovalbumin (OVA) were investigated. In vitro experiments, the possible DC activation mechanism by AECCD was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: AECCD were extracted using hot water after which the crude polysaccharides were precipitated by ethanol. Mice were firstly immunized subcutaneously with OVA (10 µg per mouse) alone or OVA (10 µg per mouse) respectively containing different dose of AECCD (200, 400 and 800 µg per mouse) on Days 1 and 14 and the magnitude and kinetics of antibodies and cell-mediated responses were then assessed. RESULTS: AECCD elicited vigorous and long-term IgG responses with mixed Th1/Th2 responses and up-regulated levels of Th-associated cytokines (CD4+IL-4, CD4+IFN-γ and CD8+IFN-γ). Moreover, AECCD induced the strong cellular immune response characterized by increased splenocyte proliferation as well as the activated T cell response. Notably, AECCD significantly enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and inhibited Tregs. In vitro experiments, Preliminary tests indicated that AECCD induced DC activation by promoting phenotypic maturation, cytokine section and allostimulatory activity. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was an essential receptor for DCs to directly bind AECCD. The inhibitors of NF-κB decreased the expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 through DCs. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, these findings suggested that AECCD could elicit potent and durable antigen specific immune responses through DC activation, which was involved in the regulation of maturation markers and cytokine expression via TLR4-related NF-κB pathway. The study indicates that AECCD is a potential immunomodulator.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Cistanche/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Citocinas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Factores Inmunológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Ovalbúmina , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación
8.
Blood ; 109(8): 3441-50, 2007 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17197433

RESUMEN

Studies have documented the potential antitumor activities of oridonin, a compound extracted from medicinal herbs. However, whether oridonin can be used in the selected setting of hematology/oncology remains obscure. Here, we reported that oridonin induced apoptosis of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells. Intriguingly, the t(8;21) product AML1-ETO (AE) fusion protein, which plays a critical role in leukemogenesis, was degraded with generation of a catabolic fragment, while the expression pattern of AE target genes investigated could be reprogrammed. The ectopic expression of AE enhanced the apoptotic effect of oridonin in U937 cells. Preincubation with caspase inhibitors blocked oridonin-triggered cleavage of AE, while substitution of Ala for Asp at residues 188 in ETO moiety of the fusion abrogated AE degradation. Furthermore, oridonin prolonged lifespan of C57 mice bearing truncated AE-expressing leukemic cells without suppression of bone marrow or reduction of body weight of animals, and exerted synergic effects while combined with cytosine arabinoside. Oridonin also inhibited tumor growth in nude mice inoculated with t(8;21)-harboring Kasumi-1 cells. These results suggest that oridonin may be a potential antileukemia agent that targets AE oncoprotein at residue D188 with low adverse effect, and may be helpful for the treatment of patients with t(8;21) AML.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/antagonistas & inhibidores , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano/farmacología , Diterpenos/farmacología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Cromosomas Humanos Par 21/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Citarabina/agonistas , Citarabina/farmacología , Diterpenos/agonistas , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano/agonistas , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Neoplasias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentales/patología , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/agonistas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Proteína 1 Compañera de Translocación de RUNX1 , Translocación Genética , Células U937
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