Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 157
Filtrar
Más filtros

Medicinas Complementárias
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
Nanomaterials (Basel) ; 11(6)2021 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34203590

RESUMEN

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using both the chemical and biological methods and conjugated with Pyrenacantha grandiflora extracts. These were then characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial activities against multi-drug resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. Nanoparticles were analyzed with UV-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Silver nanoparticles, P. grandiflora extracts, and the conjugates were also analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a result, quasi-sphere-shaped AgNPs with sizes ranging from 5 to 33 nm and spherically shaped AgNPs with sizes ranging from 3 to 25 nm were formed from chemical and biological synthesis, respectively. A well diffusion assay showed that the activity of silver nanoparticles was most improved with acetone extract against all tested bacteria with diameters in the range of 19-24 mm. The lowest MIC value of 0.0063 mg/mL against MRSA was observed when biologically synthesized AgNPs were conjugated with acetone and water extracts. Chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the lowest MIC value of 0.0063 mg/mL against E. coli when conjugated with acetone and methanol extracts. This study indicates that silver nanoparticles conjugated with P. gandiflora tubers extracts exhibit strong antibacterial activities against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Therefore, biosynthesized conjugates could be utilized as antimicrobial agents for effective disease management due to the synergistic antibacterial activity that was observed.

2.
Surg Oncol ; 38: 101572, 2021 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33915487

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is offered in specialist centres as a treatment for peritoneal surface tumours. Despite its demonstrated efficacy, intra-abdominal recurrence occurs in 31-57% of patients. The aim of this study is to review the early and long-term outcomes in patients who undergo repeat CRS/HIPEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who had undergone repeat CRS/HIPEC for appendiceal neoplasms and colorectal peritoneal metastases (CRPM) from 2003 to 2019 was performed at a single specialist centre. Data pertaining to both short term outcomes and survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1259 patients who had undergone CRS/HIPEC, 84(6.7%) underwent repeat surgery: 45(53.6%) had pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) secondary to low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN), 21(25.0%) had appendix carcinoma and 18(21.4%) had CRPM. Demographics, intra-operative findings and short-term outcomes were comparable across tumour types and between procedures. Median (95% CI) interval between procedures was 22.7(18.9-26.6) months and was comparable between tumour types. Median (95%CI) overall survival was not reached for the cohort overall or for those with PMP, but was 61.0(32.6-89.4) months for those with appendix cancer and 76.9(47.4-106.4) months for CRPM (p=<0.001). Survival was favourable in the PMP group (HR [95%CI] 0.044 [0.008-0.262]; p = 0.000) and unfavourable in the CC2-3 at index CRS procedure group (HR [95%CI] 25.612 [2.703-242.703]; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that repeat cytoredutive surgery with HIPEC can result in favourable survival, especially for patients with PMP when complete cytoreduction is achieved at index operation. We recommend that detailed patient assessment is performed through an expert multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT).


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Apéndice/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/mortalidad , Hipertermia Inducida/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Neoplasias Peritoneales/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patología , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Apéndice/patología , Neoplasias del Apéndice/terapia , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Neoplasias Peritoneales/patología , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia
3.
World J Orthop ; 11(6): 278-284, 2020 Jun 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32572364

RESUMEN

There is still no definitive treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). We are certainly far from a consensus on the best form of treatment or on an effective treatment recommendation. There are reasons for the current equivocal treatment recommendations in the face of this very serious health problem. The greatest of these reasons, undoubtedly, is the great complexity of the factors involved in the development and progression of knee OA and the complex pathophysiology including mechanical, inflammatory, metabolic, post-traumatic, molecular, genetic, and psychological changes. For several years, an attempt has been made to correlate different patient phenotypes to different patterns of response to treatment, thus creating the possibility of developing specific treatments for certain groups of patients and theoretically allowing better treatment efficacy. However, in practice we still find totally different responses and evolutions even in individuals belonging to the same phenotype. Thus, classification by phenotypes, despite being an advance, is not sufficient. The present article proposes a fragmented look at each of the many factors or targets involved in the genesis and evolution of OA. Therefore, we propose not the treatment of OA per se but the management of an individual set of targets to achieve personalized OA management. We believe that, paradoxically, by fragmenting the view of the disease we will be able to treat our patients more holistically in an individualized way.

4.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol ; 41(6): 1087-1093, 2020 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32409310

RESUMEN

X-linked deafness-2 (DFNX2) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by profound sensorineural hearing loss and a pathognomonic temporal bone deformity. Because hypothalamic malformations associated with DFNX2 have been rarely described, we aimed to further describe these lesions and compare them with features of a nonaffected population. All patients diagnosed with DFNX2 between 2006 and 2019 were included and compared with age-matched patients with normal MR imaging findings and without hypothalamic dysfunction. MR imaging features differing between groups were selected to help identify DFNX2. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for these features. Agreement among 3 radiologists was quantified using the index κ. Information on the presence or absence of gelastic seizures, precocious puberty, or delayed puberty was also gathered. We selected distinctive MR imaging features of hypothalamic malformations in DFNX2. The feature selected on axial T2 images was the folded appearance of the ventromedial hypothalamus (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 95.8%) characterized by an abnormal internal/external cleft (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 95.7%). On coronal T2, the first distinctive feature was a concave morphology of the medial eminence (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 97.1%), the second feature was at least 1 hypothalamic-septum angle ≥90° (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 72.5%), and the third feature was a forebrain-hypothalamic craniocaudal length of ≥6 mm (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 79.7%). Clinical features were also distinctive because 9 patients with DFNX2 did not present with gelastic seizures or precocious puberty. One patient had delayed puberty. The κ index and intraclass correlation coefficient ranged between 0.78 and 0.95. Imaging and clinical features of the hypothalamus suggest that there is a hypothalamic malformation associated with DFNX2. Early assessment for pubertal delay is proposed.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Genéticas Ligadas al Cromosoma X/patología , Pérdida Auditiva Conductiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Pérdida Auditiva Conductiva/patología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico por imagen , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/patología , Hipotálamo/anomalías , Hipotálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Lactante , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adulto Joven
6.
Clin Nutr ESPEN ; 32: 1-7, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31221273

RESUMEN

Vinegar intake is considered a food item that improves blood glucose in humans. This review aimed to discuss studies that investigated the impact of vinegar intake on the glycemic profile in humans and the putative mechanistic cellular pathways in both human and animal models. A search of literature was performed on the Cochrane, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for articles published between 1995 and 2018. There is considerable support for vinegar having a positive acute effect on blood glucose levels when combined with carbohydrate-rich meals. Conversely, there are few chronic interventions analyzing the impact of vinegar intake on blood glucose. Based on available evidence, we hypothesize three pathways by which vinegar may improve blood glucose: The inhibition of α-amylase action; increased glucose uptake; and mediation by transcription factors. When evaluating the current body of literature, daily vinegar intake in amounts of ∼10-30 mL (∼2-6 tablespoons) appear to improve the glycemic response to carbohydrate-rich meals; however, there is a paucity of studies investigating chronic effects of vinegar intake.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Acético/farmacología , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ácido Acético/administración & dosificación , Glucemia/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Periodo Posprandial
7.
Colorectal Dis ; 20(10): 888-896, 2018 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29920919

RESUMEN

AIM: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare neoplasm of the appendix, which if untreated disseminates throughout the abdominal cavity and generates considerable morbidity. Since 2002 in the UK, patients with PMP have been managed via two nationally commissioned centres. We evaluated referrals and treatment pathways over time at the Manchester centre. METHOD: Data from all patients referred with suspected PMP were prospectively collected (2002-2015). Definitive treatment was cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Disease burden was quantified using the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) (score 0-39) and complete cytoreduction (CC) defined by scores of 0/1. Novel treatment algorithms were developed for patients with low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) localized to the peri-appendiceal tissue. RESULTS: In all, 817 patients with confirmed PMP were referred increasing from 11 in 2002 to 103 in 2015. Disease burden was high with a mean PCI of 31 in the first quartile (Q1), levelling off to 15, 15, 17 thereafter (P = 0.002). The proportion of CC0/1 increased from 67% in Q1 to 77% Q2 and 74% Q3/4. Where complete cytoreduction was achieved, 5- and 10-year overall survival was 77% and 66%. The proportion of patients referred with localized LAMN increased over time reaching 25% each year since 2010 (Ptrend  < 0.0001). Two-thirds of localized LAMN now undergo laparoscopically assisted risk-reducing CRS. CONCLUSION: The establishment of a national treatment centre was associated with an initial presentation of patients with advanced disease. The programme has demonstrated a clear trend over time towards earlier referral and adoption of minimally invasive techniques for localized disease.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Apéndice/terapia , Vías Clínicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Seudomixoma Peritoneal/terapia , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertermia Inducida/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Reino Unido , Adulto Joven
8.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 90(2): 1775-1787, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29694497

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional compounds of interest present in vegetables known as non-conventional, in Brazil. The following evaluations were carried out: antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, calories, carbohydrates, humidity, lipids, proteins, fiber, acidity and quantification of minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B). The species studied were Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Basella alba L., Eryngium campestre L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lactuca canadensis L., Rumex acetosa L., Stachys byzantina K. Koch, Tropaeolum majus L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Representative samples of plant structures of interest were harvested from each species suitable for human consumption such as leaves, flowers and flower buds. The results were submitted to multivariate analysis - principal components analysis (PCA). All the species present nutritional compounds of interest in different levels among the evaluated structures.


Asunto(s)
Flores/química , Magnoliopsida/química , Valor Nutritivo , Brotes de la Planta/química , Verduras/química , Amaranthus/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Brasil , Caryophyllales/química , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Eryngium/química , Hibiscus/química , Minerales/análisis , Fenoles/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Rumex/química , Stachys/química , Tropaeolum/química , Xanthosoma/química
9.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 186: 120-129, 2018 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29567626

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Trends in and correlates of medical marijuana use are important to inform ongoing clinical, research, policy, and programmatic efforts. This study assessed trends in and correlates of medical marijuana use among U.S. adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from approximately 147,200 U.S. civilians aged 18 or older who participated in the 2013-2015 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Descriptive analyses, multivariable logistic regressions, and zero-truncated native binomial regressions were applied. RESULTS: Among U.S. adults, the prevalence of medical marijuana use increased from 1.2% in 2013 to 1.6% in 2015 (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for covariates, adults residing in medical marijuana states (states with legalized medical marijuana use) were 1.3 times more likely to use marijuana medically in 2015 than in 2013 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.61), and adults in nonmedical marijuana states were 1.4 times more likely to report medical marijuana use in 2015 than in 2013 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.05-1.90). Among adults who used marijuana exclusively for medical purposes in the past 12 months, trends in 12-month cannabis use disorders, daily or near daily use, and the number of days of marijuana use remained unchanged during 2013-2015. We identified how correlates of medical marijuana use among adults in medical marijuana states differed from their counterparts in nonmedical marijuana states. CONCLUSIONS: Adults were more likely to use marijuana medically in 2015 than in 2013 in both medical and nonmedical marijuana states. Clinicians need to learn about and address evolving patterns of medical marijuana use in patients.


Asunto(s)
Uso de la Marihuana , Marihuana Medicinal/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Utilización de Medicamentos , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Legislación de Medicamentos , Masculino , Fumar Marihuana/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fitoterapia/tendencias , Prevalencia , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
10.
JAMA Netw Open ; 1(6): e183044, 2018 10 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30646222

RESUMEN

Importance: Despite epidemic rates of addiction and death from prescription opioids in the United States, suggesting the importance of providing alternatives to opioids in the treatment of pain, little is known regarding how payers' coverage policies may facilitate or impede access to such treatments. Objective: To examine coverage policies for 5 nonpharmacologic approaches commonly used to treat acute or chronic low back pain among commercial and Medicare Advantage insurance plans, plus an additional 6 treatments among Medicaid plans. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study of 15 commercial, 15 Medicaid, and 15 Medicare Advantage health plans for the 2017 calendar year in 16 states representing more than half of the US population. Interviews were conducted with 43 senior medical and pharmacy health plan executives from representative plans. Main Outcomes and Measures: Medical necessity and coverage status for the treatments examined, as well as the use of utilization management tools and cost-sharing magnitude and structure. Results: Commercial and Medicare insurers consistently regarded physical and occupational therapy as medically necessary, but policies varied for other therapies examined. Payers most commonly covered physical therapy (98% [44 of 45 plans]), occupational therapy (96% [43 of 45 plans]), and chiropractic care (89% [40 of 45 plans]), while transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (67% [10 of 15 plans]) and steroid injections (60% [9 of 15 plans]) were the most commonly covered among the therapies examined for Medicaid plans only. Despite evidence in the literature to support use of acupuncture and psychological interventions, these therapies were either not covered by plans examined (67% of all plans [30 of 45] did not cover acupuncture) or lacked information about coverage (80% of Medicaid plans [12 of 15] lacked information about coverage of psychological interventions). Utilization management tools, such as prior authorization, were common, but criteria varied greatly with respect to which conditions and what quantity and duration of services were covered. Interviewees represented 6 Medicaid managed care organizations, 2 Medicare Advantage or Part D plans, 9 commercial plans, and 3 trade organizations (eg, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association). Interviews with plan executives indicated a low level of integration between the coverage decision-making processes for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for chronic pain. Conclusions and Relevance: Wide variation in coverage of nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain may be driven by the absence of best practices, the administrative complexities of developing and revising coverage policies, and payers' economic incentives. Such variation suggests an important opportunity to improve the accessibility of services, reduce opioid use, and ultimately improve the quality of care for individuals with chronic, noncancer pain while alleviating the burden of opioid addiction and overdose.


Asunto(s)
Cobertura del Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Medicaid/estadística & datos numéricos , Medicare/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
11.
Int J Colorectal Dis ; 32(11): 1617-1624, 2017 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28889320

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In preoperative blood management of colorectal cancer patients, intravenous iron therapy is increasingly used to treat anaemia and prevent red blood cell transfusions. However, while iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia, little is known about the prevalence and namely type of iron deficiency in this population, whereas both types of iron deficiency (i.e. absolute and functional iron deficiency) are recommended to be treated differently by international cancer guidelines. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study is to investigate the prevalence and namely type of iron deficiency in colorectal cancer patients, and to assess its clinical relevance. METHODS: Preoperative iron status, clinical parameters (i.e. age, ASA classification, tumour location, tumour stage) and postoperative complications were retrospectively collected for all newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients in our institution over a 3-year period. RESULTS: Iron deficiency was observed in 163 (48.1%) of 339 patients. Of these iron-deficient patients, 3.7% had an isolated absolute iron deficiency (AID) and 15.3% a functional iron deficiency (FID), while the rest had a combination of AID and FID. Anaemia was present in 66.1% of iron-deficient patients. Iron deficiency was significantly associated with an increased postoperative complication rate (univariable OR 1.94, p = 0.03, multivariable OR 1.84, p = 0.07), with right-sided tumours (p < 0.001), high ASA classification (p = 0.002), advanced tumour stage (p = 0.01) and advanced age (p = 0.04). In comparing clinical parameters between patients with AID and FID, advanced age was significantly associated with FID (p = 0.03), and the presence of anaemia with AID (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In preoperative colorectal cancer patients, there is a high prevalence of iron deficiency, including a high percentage of patients with-a component of-functional iron deficiency, associated with the increased postoperative complication rate. As both types of iron deficiency require a different treatment strategy, our results illustrate the therapeutic potential of especially intravenous iron supplementation in patients with severe iron deficiency and stress the urgency of routinely monitoring preoperative iron status and differentiation between types of iron deficiency. As iron therapy may also be potentially harmful in respect to stimulation of tumour growth, future clinical trials assessing the long-term effect of iron therapy are necessary.


Asunto(s)
Anemia Ferropénica , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anemia Ferropénica/clasificación , Anemia Ferropénica/diagnóstico , Anemia Ferropénica/epidemiología , Anemia Ferropénica/terapia , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Pruebas Hematológicas/métodos , Humanos , Hierro/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Manejo de Atención al Paciente/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Tiempo de Tratamiento
12.
Hum Reprod ; 32(4): 923-936, 2017 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28333238

RESUMEN

Study question: Do naturally occurring, hyperandrogenic (≥1 SD of population mean testosterone, T) female rhesus monkeys exhibit traits typical of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Summary answer: Hyperandrogenic female monkeys exhibited significantly increased serum levels of androstenedione (A4), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), estradiol (E2), LH, antimullerian hormone (AMH), cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and corticosterone, as well as increased uterine endometrial thickness and evidence of reduced fertility, all traits associated with PCOS. What is known already: Progress in treating women with PCOS is limited by incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis and the absence of naturally occurring PCOS in animal models. A female macaque monkey, however, with naturally occurring hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polyfollicular ovaries, accompanied by insulin resistance, increased adiposity and endometrial hyperplasia, suggests naturally occurring origins for PCOS in nonhuman primates. Study design, size, duration: As part of a larger study, circulating serum concentrations of selected pituitary, ovarian and adrenal hormones, together with fasted insulin and glucose levels, were determined in a single, morning blood sample obtained from 120 apparently healthy, ovary-intact, adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) while not pregnant or nursing. The monkeys were then sedated for somatometric and ultrasonographic measurements. Participants/materials, setting, methods: Female monkeys were of prime reproductive age (7.2 ± 0.1 years, mean ± SEM) and represented a typical spectrum of adult body weight (7.4 ± 0.2 kg; maximum 12.5, minimum 4.6 kg). Females were defined as having normal (n = 99) or high T levels (n = 21; ≥1 SD above the overall mean, 0.31 ng/ml). Electronic health records provided menstrual and fecundity histories. Steroid hormones were determined by tandem LC-MS-MS; AMH was measured by enzymeimmunoassay; LH, FSH and insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay; and glucose was read by glucose meter. Most analyses were limited to 80 females (60 normal T, 20 high T) in the follicular phase of a menstrual cycle or anovulatory period (serum progesterone <1 ng/ml). Main results and the role of chance: Of 80 monkeys, 15% (n = 12) exhibited classifiable PCOS-like phenotypes. High T females demonstrated elevations in serum levels of LH (P < 0.036), AMH (P < 0.021), A4 (P < 0.0001), 17-OHP (P < 0.008), E2 (P < 0.023), glucocorticoids (P < 0.02-0.0001), the serum T/E2 ratio (P < 0.03) and uterine endometrial thickness (P < 0.014) compared to normal T females. Within the high T group alone, anogenital distance, a biomarker for fetal T exposure, positively correlated (P < 0.015) with serum A4 levels, while clitoral volume, a biomarker for prior T exposure, positively correlated (P < 0.002) with postnatal age. Only high T females demonstrated positive correlations between serum LH, and both T and A4. Five of six (83%) high T females with serum T ≥2 SD above T mean (0.41 ng/ml) did not produce live offspring. Large scale data: N/A. Limitations, reasons for caution: This is an initial study of a single laboratory population in a single nonhuman primate species. While two biomarkers suggest lifelong hyperandrogenism, phenotypic expression during gestation, prepuberty, adolescence, mid-to-late reproductive years and postmenopause has yet to be determined. Wider implications of the findings: Characterizing adult female monkeys with naturally occurring hyperandrogenism has identified individuals with high LH and AMH combined with infertility, suggesting developmental linkage among traits with endemic origins beyond humans. PCOS may thus be an ancient phenotype, as previously proposed, with a definable pathogenic mechanism(s). Study funding/competing interest(s): Funded by competitive supplement to P51 OD011106 (PI: Mallick), by P50 HD028934 (PI: Marshall) and by P50 HD044405 (PI: Dunaif). The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.


Asunto(s)
Hiperandrogenismo/patología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/patología , Androstenodiona/sangre , Animales , Hormona Antimülleriana/sangre , Corticosterona/sangre , Cortodoxona/sangre , Endometrio/patología , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Fertilidad , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hidroxiprogesteronas/sangre , Hiperandrogenismo/metabolismo , Hiperandrogenismo/fisiopatología , Macaca mulatta , Fenotipo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/fisiopatología
14.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol ; 312(1): R101-R107, 2017 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27903515

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated passive heat exposure (i.e., acclimation) on muscle contractility in humans. Fourteen nonheat-acclimated males completed two trials including electrically evoked twitches and voluntary contractions in thermoneutral conditions [Cool: 24°C, 40% relative humidity (RH)] and hot ambient conditions in the hyperthermic state (Hot: 44-50°C, 50% RH) on consecutive days in a counterbalanced order. Rectal temperature was ~36.5°C in Cool and was maintained at ~39°C throughout Hot. Both trials were repeated after 11 days of passive heat acclimation (1 h per day, 48-50°C, 50% RH). Heat acclimation decreased core temperature in Cool (-0.2°C, P < 0.05), increased the time required to reach 39°C in Hot (+9 min, P < 0.05) and increased sweat rate in Hot (+0.7 liter/h, P < 0.05). Moreover, passive heat acclimation improved skeletal muscle contractility as evidenced by an increase in evoked peak twitch amplitude both in Cool (20.5 ± 3.6 vs. 22.0 ± 4.0 N·m) and Hot (20.5 ± 4.7 vs. 22.0 ± 4.0 N·m) (+9%, P < 0.05). Maximal voluntary torque production was also increased both in Cool (145 ± 42 vs. 161 ± 36 N·m) and Hot (125 ± 36 vs. 145 ± 30 N·m) (+17%, P < 0.05), despite voluntary activation remaining unchanged. Furthermore, the slope of the relative torque/electromyographic linear relationship was improved postacclimation (P < 0.05). These adjustments demonstrate that passive heat acclimation improves skeletal muscle contractile function during electrically evoked and voluntary muscle contractions of different intensities both in Cool and Hot. These results suggest that repeated heat exposure may have important implications to passively maintain or even improve muscle function in a variety of performance and clinical settings.


Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/fisiología , Contracción Isométrica/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Termotolerancia/fisiología , Adulto , Calor , Humanos , Masculino
15.
J Anim Sci ; 94(9): 3817-3825, 2016 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27898885

RESUMEN

Maternal and progeny diets supplemented with 2 sources of trace mineral (TM) were evaluated for effects on the size and severity of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions in progeny produced by 64 Landrace × Large White sows. At breeding, sows were randomly assigned to maternal diets (gestation and lactation) consisting 1 of 2 TM treatments. One treatment consisted of inorganic TM (ITM) with ZnO, MnSO, and CuSO at concentrations to provide 150, 50, and 16.5 mg/kg diet of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. The other treatment consisted of the same ITM concentrations plus an additional 50, 20, and 10 mg/kg diet of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, supplied by a blend of AA-complexed TM (CTM) using Availa Sow. Within maternal dietary treatment groups, selected progeny ( = 280) were fed either ITM- or CTM-supplemented diets. The humerus and femur (1 each) from progeny euthanized at 12 ( = 80) or 24 wk ( = 200) were collected for microscopic (12 wk) or gross (24 wk) assessment of OC lesions. Microscopic OC lesions were present in all pigs at 12 wk. Dietary treatments had limited effects on OC prevalence or severity. A maternal × progeny diet interaction ( = 0.044) revealed femoral OC latens lesions that were approximately twice the size in progeny fed CTM that were produced by sows fed CTM compared with those found in pigs in the other 3 dietary treatment groups. At 24 wk, the sum of gross OC scores at predilection sites of the thoracic (elbow joint) and pelvic (stifle and hock joints) limbs remained similar among treatments, despite greater ( = 0.004) gross OC scores of the medial femoral condyle in progeny from sows fed CTM diets than in progeny from sows fed ITM diets, regardless of progeny diet. Progeny produced by sows fed CTM vs. ITM had increased ADG (0.71 vs. 0.68 ± 0.01 kg/d), regardless of the diet fed to progeny during the growth phases. Covariant analysis using ADG did not alter inferences about maternal or progeny diet effects on OC responses. Although 100% of progeny at 12 wk had histologically apparent OC lesions, only 3 of the 200 pigs examined at 24 wk had gross lesions of sufficient severity to potentially result in clinically apparent disease. Therefore, although some results imply that maternal and progeny CTM diets increased the size (12 wk) and severity (24 wk) of OC in 1 site (the femur), on the whole animal level, no evidence of lameness was noted.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Osteocondrosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Oligoelementos/farmacología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Lactancia , Osteocondrosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteocondrosis/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Distribución Aleatoria , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología
17.
Int J Dev Neurosci ; 48: 31-7, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26592967

RESUMEN

Each year in the United States, nearly 500,000 infants a year are born prematurely. Babies born before 35 weeks gestation are often placed on ventilators and/or given supplemental oxygen. This increase in oxygen, while critical for survival, can cause long-term damage to lungs, retinas and brains. In particular, hyperoxia causes apoptosis in neurons and alters glial activity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are members of the neurotrophin family of proteins that function to promote the growth, differentiation and development of the nervous system. We hypothesized that hyperoxia can alter the regulation of these genes and by doing so adversely affect the development of the brain. We predicted that mice exposed to hyperoxic conditions would have differences in BDNF and GDNF mRNA expression and relative level of methylated promoter regions coinciding with differences in the relative levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA expression. To test this hypothesis, newborn C57Bl/6 mice and their littermates were placed in hyperoxic or normoxic conditions from postnatal day 7 to 12. There were significant decreases in BDNF mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex following hyperoxia, but a significant increase in the isocortex. GDNF mRNA expression was significantly increased in both the isocortex and prefrontal cortex following hyperoxia. DNMT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the isocortex but significantly increased in the prefrontal following hyperoxia. Together these data suggest that short-term exposure to hyperoxic conditions can affect the regulation and expression of BDNF and GDNF potentially leading to alterations in neural development.


Asunto(s)
Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/crecimiento & desarrollo , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/metabolismo , Hiperoxia/patología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1 , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Femenino , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/genética , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperoxia/metabolismo , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción 2 de los Oligodendrocitos , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/metabolismo , Embarazo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo
18.
Med Vet Entomol ; 30(1): 1-7, 2016 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26463514

RESUMEN

Larval therapy, the therapeutic use of blowfly larvae to treat chronic wounds, is primarily used in debridement. There are, however, gaps in current knowledge of the optimal clinical application of the therapy and mechanisms of action in the debridement process. Using an artificial assay, two studies were undertaken to investigate these aspects of larval debridement by Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae); the first studied the effects of the density of larvae on tissue digestion and larval mass, and the second considered the effects on the same parameters of incorporating protease inhibitors into the feeding substrate. The total mass of tissue digested increased with larval density until saturation was observed at 5.0-7.5 larvae/cm(2) . This range was considered optimal as lower doses resulted in the removal of less tissue and higher doses offered no additional tissue removal and appeared to exacerbate competition for feeding. In the second study, increased protease inhibitor concentration led to significant decreases in tissue digestion and larval mass, suggesting that serine proteases, particularly trypsin, may play major roles in larval digestion. Such information is important in elucidating the main constituents that make up larval digestive products and may be significant in the development of new therapies.


Asunto(s)
Desbridamiento/métodos , Dípteros/efectos de los fármacos , Dípteros/fisiología , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Animales , Dípteros/enzimología , Dípteros/crecimiento & desarrollo , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/fisiología , Densidad de Población
19.
J Anim Sci ; 93(10): 4702-13, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26523563

RESUMEN

Dietary zinc (inorganic and organic or zinc AA complex forms) is essential for normal intestinal barrier function and regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Given that heat stress (HS) exposure can negatively affect intestinal integrity and caloric intake, possible nutritional mitigation strategies are needed to improve health, performance, and well-being. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate 2 dietary zinc sources and reduced caloric intake on intestinal integrity in growing pigs subjected to 12 h of HS. A total of 36 pigs were fed 1 of 2 diets: 1) a control diet (CON; 120 mg/kg of zinc from zinc sulfate) or 2) 60 mg/kg from zinc sulfate and 60 mg/kg from zinc AA complex (ZnAA). After 17 d, the CON pigs were then exposed to thermal neutral (TN) conditions with ad libitum intake (TN-CON), HS (37°C) with ad libitum intake (HS-CON), or pair-fed to HS intake under TN conditions (PFTN); the ZnAA pigs were exposed to only HS (HS-ZnAA). All pigs were sacrificed after 12 h of environmental exposure, and blood and tissue bioenergetics stress markers and ex vivo ileum and colon integrity were assessed. Compared with TN-CON, HS significantly ( < 0.05) increased rectal temperatures and respiration rates. Ileum villus and crypt morphology was reduced by both pair-feeding and HS. Both PFTN and HS-CON pigs also had reduced ileum integrity (dextran flux and transepithelial resistance) compared with the TN-CON pigs. However, ZnAA tended to mitigate the HS-induced changes in ileum integrity. Ileum mucin 2 protein abundance was increased due to HS and pair-feeding. Colonic integrity did not differ due to HS or PFTN treatments. Compared with the HS-CON, HS-ZnAA pigs tended to have reduced blood endotoxin concentrations. In conclusion, HS and reduced feed intake compromised intestinal integrity in pigs, and zinc AA complex source mitigates some of these negative effects.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Zinc/farmacología , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/prevención & control , Calor , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Frecuencia Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Porcinos
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA