RESUMEN
Since the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading rapidly throughout the world. Previously, there were two outbreaks of severe coronavirus caused by different coronaviruses worldwide, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This article introduced the origin, virological characteristics and epidemiological overview of SARS-CoV-2, reviewed the currently known drugs that may prevent and treat coronavirus, explained the characteristics of the new coronavirus and provided novel information for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Amidas/farmacología , Amidas/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Betacoronavirus/fisiología , COVID-19 , Cloroquina/análogos & derivados , Cloroquina/uso terapéutico , Clorpromazina/uso terapéutico , Coronavirus/genética , Infecciones por Coronavirus/genética , Ciclofilinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Reposicionamiento de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Endocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Sueros Inmunes , Inductores de Interferón/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Síntesis del Ácido Nucleico/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Síntesis del Ácido Nucleico/uso terapéutico , Neumonía Viral/genética , Pirazinas/farmacología , Pirazinas/uso terapéutico , Resveratrol/farmacología , Resveratrol/uso terapéutico , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas Virales/uso terapéutico , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
New genes, which provide material for evolutionary innovation, have been extensively studied for many years in animals where it is observed that they commonly show an expression bias for the testis. Thus, the testis is a major source for the generation of new genes in animals. The source tissue for new genes in plants is unclear. Here, we find that new genes in plants show a bias in expression to mature pollen, and are also enriched in a gene coexpression module that correlates with mature pollen in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transposable elements are significantly enriched in the new genes, and the high activity of transposable elements in the vegetative nucleus, compared with the germ cells, suggests that new genes are most easily generated in the vegetative nucleus in the mature pollen. We propose an "out of pollen" hypothesis for the origin of new genes in flowering plants.