RESUMEN
Panax ginseng is one of the oldest and most generally prescribed herbs in Eastern traditional medicine to treat diseases. Several studies had documented that ginseng leaves have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties similar to those of ginseng root. The aim of this research was to forecast of the molecular mechanism of ginseng leaves on lung cancer by molecular docking and network pharmacology so as to decipher ginseng leaves' entire mechanism. The compounds associated with ginseng leaves were searched by TCMSP. TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to sort out the potential targets of the main chemical components. Targets were collected from OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD, DrugBank and GeneCards which related to immunity and lung cancer. Ginseng leaves exert its lung cancer suppressive function by regulating the several signaling proteins, such as JUN, STAT3, AKT1, TNF, MAPK1, TP53. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the immunoreaction against lung cancer by ginseng leaves might be related to response to lipopolysaccharide, response to oxidative stress, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and TNF pathway. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that hydrogen bonding was interaction's core forms. The results of CCK8 test and qRT-PCR showed that ginseng leaves inhibit cell proliferation and regulates AKT1 and P53 expression in A549. The present study clarifies the mechanism of Ginseng leaves against lung cancer and provides evidence to support its clinical use.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células A549 , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. widely distributed in the northeast region of China and some region in Russia and Korea, and its underground parts (roots and rhizomes) being used to cure nervous system diseases such as insomnia. The active components including the essential oil and iridoids of underground parts were investigated in different harvest periods in order to evaluate the quality for the roots and rhizomes of V. amurensis. The content of the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and bornyl acetate in the oil was quantitated by GC-EI. The iridoids, valepotriates were determined by potentiometric titration and the main component, valtrate was quantitated by HPLC-UV. The factors of biomass were considered in the determination of collection period. Statistical analysis of results showed that, the highest content of the essential oil per plant was 22.69 µl in withering period and then 21.58 µl in fruit ripening period, while the highest contents of bornyl acetate, valepotriates and valtrate per plant were 2.82 mg, 31.90 mg and 0.98 mg in fruit ripening period separately. Fruit ripening period was decided as the best harvest period for the content of active constituents and output of drug, and it would provide scientific basis for the artificial cultivation of V. amurensis.
Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. Se distribuye ampliamente en la regioÌn noreste de China y en algunas regiones de Rusia y Corea, y sus partes subterraÌneas (raiÌces y rizomas) se utilizan para curar enfermedades del sistema nervioso como el insomnio. Se investigaron los componentes activos, incluidos el aceite esencial y los iridoides de las partes subterraÌneas de V. amurensis en diferentes periÌodos de cosecha para evaluar la calidad de las raiÌces y rizomas. El contenido del aceite esencial se obtuvo mediante hidrodestilacioÌn y el acetato de bornilo en el aceite se cuantificoÌ por GC-EI. Los iridoides, valepotriatos se determinaron mediante valoracioÌn potenciomeÌtrica y el componente principal, el valtrato se cuantificoÌ por HPLC-UV. Los factores de biomasa fueron considerados en la determinacioÌn del periÌodo de recoleccioÌn. El anaÌlisis estadiÌstico de los resultados mostroÌ que el mayor contenido de aceite esencial por planta fue de 22,69 µl en el periÌodo de marchitacioÌn y luego de 21,58 µl en el periÌodo de maduracioÌn de la fruta, mientras que el mayor contenido de acetato de bornilo, valepotriatos y valtrato por planta fue de 2.82 mg, 31.90 mg y 0,98 mg, respectivamente, en el periÌodo de maduracioÌn de la fruta por separado. Se definioÌ el periÌodo de maduracioÌn de la fruta como el mejor periÌodo de cosecha para el contenido de constituyentes activos y la produccioÌn de droga, lo cual proporcionariÌa una base cientiÌfica para el cultivo artificial de V. amurensis.
Asunto(s)
Valeriana/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Estaciones del Año , Canfanos/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Rizoma/química , Iridoides/análisisRESUMEN
Strain 39 is an endophytic fungus which was isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DNM). After Strain 39 co-cultured with ethanol extract of DNM rhizomes for several days, the content of saponins in this culture mixture would be obviously increased. To analyze the mechanism of this microbial transformation, we used the differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) method to compare the transcriptomes between Strain 39 cultured in normal PD medium and in PD medium which added ethanol extract of DNM rhizomes. We amplified 29 DDRT-PCR bands using 12 primer combinations of three anchored primers and five random primers, and six bands were re-amplified. Analysis of real-time PCR and sequence alignment showed that three clones were up-regulated in sample group: squalene epoxidase, squalene synthase, and catalase, one clone was expressed only in sample group. The possible roles and origins of the above genes were discussed, and the molecular mechanism of Strain 39 biotransformation was speculated. This study is the first report of the molecular biotransformation mechanism of saponins production by endophytic fungus of DNM.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea/microbiología , Endófitos/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Hongos/genética , Dioscorea/química , Endófitos/clasificación , Endófitos/aislamiento & purificación , Endófitos/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Hongos/clasificación , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/metabolismo , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Saponinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
A new caryophyllane derivative, caryophyllenol A, and a new germacrane derivative, isovolvalerenal D, together with 11 known sesquiterpenoids, were isolated from a petroleum ether partition of the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana amurensis. Structure elucidation of caryophyllenol A and isovolvalerenal D was accomplished on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques including HRESIMS and 2D NMR analyses. The structure of caryophyllenol A was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography and using quantum-chemical ECD calculation adopting TDDFT method. Caryophyllenol A and other eight sesquiterpenoids were evaluated for sedative activity with the model of Drosophila melanogaster, and eight of them showed the effect of prolonging the total sleeping time (TST) of D. melanogaster, displaying significant sedative action.
Asunto(s)
Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Valeriana/química , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Drosophila melanogaster/fisiología , Femenino , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/química , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Estructura Molecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Rizoma/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/química , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/farmacología , SesterterpenosRESUMEN
'Jin Zhui' is a spontaneous self-compatible mutant of 'Ya Li' (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. S21S34 ), the latter displaying a typical S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). The pollen-part mutation (PPM) of 'Jin Zhui' might be due to a natural mutation in the pollen-S gene (S34 haplotype). However, the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypic changes are still unclear. In this study, we identified five SLF (S-Locus F-box) genes in 'Ya Li', while no nucleotide differences were found in the SLF genes of 'Jin Zhui'. Further genetic analysis by S-RNase PCR-typing of selfed progeny of 'Jin Zhui' and 'Ya Li' × 'Jin Zhui' progeny showed three progeny classes (S21S21 , S21S34 and S34S34 ) as opposed to the two classes reported previously (S21S34 and S34S34 ), indicating that the pollen gametes of 'Jin Zhui', bearing either the S21 - or S34 -haplotype, were able to overcome self-incompatibility (SI) barriers. Moreover, no evidence of pollen-S duplication was found. These findings support the hypothesis that loss of function of S-locus unlinked PPM expressed in pollen leads to SI breakdown in 'Jin Zhui', rather than natural mutation in the pollen-S gene (S34 haplotype). Furthermore, abnormal meiosis was observed in a number of pollen mother cells (PMCs) in 'Jin Zhui', but not in 'Ya Li'. These and other interesting findings are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Mutación , Polen/genética , Pyrus/genética , Autoincompatibilidad en las Plantas con Flores/genética , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Análisis por Conglomerados , Proteínas F-Box/clasificación , Proteínas F-Box/genética , Flores/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Haplotipos , Meiosis/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/clasificación , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Polinización/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI) is an intraspecific reproductive barrier to prevent self-fertilization found in many species of the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae. In this system, S-RNase and SLF/SFB (S-locus F-box) genes have been shown to control the pistil and pollen SI specificity, respectively. Recent studies have shown that the SLF functions as a substrate receptor of a SCF (Skp1/Cullin1/F-box)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to target S-RNases in Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae, but its role in Rosaceae remains largely undefined. Here we report the identification of two pollen-specific SLF-interacting Skp1-like (SSK) proteins, PbSSK1 and PbSSK2, in Pyrus bretschneideri from the tribe Pyreae of Rosaceae. Both yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays demonstrated that they could connect PbSLFs to PbCUL1 to form a putative canonical SCF(SLF) (SSK/CUL1/SLF) complex in Pyrus. Furthermore, pull-down assays showed that the SSK proteins could bind SLF and CUL1 in a cross-species manner between Pyrus and Petunia. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SSK-like proteins from Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae form a monoclade group, hinting their shared evolutionary origin. Taken together, with the recent identification of a canonical SCF(SFB) complex in Prunus of the tribe Amygdaleae of Rosaceae, our results show that a conserved canonical SCF(SLF/SFB) complex is present in Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, implying that S-RNase-based self-incompatibility shares a similar molecular and biochemical mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Pyrus/genética , Ribonucleasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligasas SKP Cullina F-box/metabolismo , Autoincompatibilidad en las Plantas con Flores/fisiología , Alelos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , ADN de Plantas/genética , Proteínas F-Box/genética , Proteínas F-Box/metabolismo , Flores/enzimología , Flores/genética , Flores/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Especificidad de Órganos , Petunia/genética , Petunia/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Polen/enzimología , Polen/genética , Polen/fisiología , Unión Proteica , Pyrus/enzimología , Pyrus/fisiología , ARN de Planta/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Ribonucleasas/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Asociadas a Fase-S/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Asociadas a Fase-S/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligasas SKP Cullina F-box/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacological effects of volatile oil of Valeriana amurensis on central nervous system. METHODS: The pharmacological effects of volatile oil of Valeriana amurensis on the autonomic activities of mice, the sleeping synergistic action of mice with pentoharbital sodium at subthreshold and hypnotic dosages, the sleep phases of rats, the writhing response of mice caused by acetic acid and the convulsion of mice induced by thio-semicarbazide were investigated. RESULTS: The autonomic activities of mice were significantly inhibited by the volatile oil of Valeriana amurensis. The rate of falling sleep and the extension of sleeping time of mice were significantly increased by the synergic action of pentobarbital sodium with the volatile oil. The sleep phases of SWS2 and REMS of rats were obviously extended by the volatile oil of Valeriana amurensis. In addition, the frequency of writhing response of mice caused by acetic acid was reduced, and the convulsion of mice induced by thio-semicarbazide was antagonized with the administration of the volatile oil. CONCLUSION: The volatile oil of Valeriana amurensis has significantly sedative analgesic and anti-hyperspasmia effects.