Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the structural, functional properties and beany flavor of soy protein isolate: Comparison with traditional thermal treatment.

This research explored the influences of ultrasonic and thermal treatments on the structure, functional properties, and beany flavor of soy protein isolate (SPI). In comparison with traditional thermal treatment, ultrasonic treatment effectively induced protein structural unfolding and exposure of hydrophobic groups, which reduced relative content of α-helix, increased relative content of ß-turn, ß-sheet and random coil, and improved the solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties of SPI. Both treatments significantly decreased the species and contents of flavor compounds, such as hexanal, (E)-2-nonenal, (Z)-2-heptenal and (E)-2-hexenal in SPI. The relative content of hexanal in the major beany flavor compound decreased from 11.69% to 6.13% and 5.99% at 350 W ultrasonic power and 150 s thermal treatment procedure, respectively. After ultrasonic treatment, structural changes in SPI were significantly correlated with functional properties but showed a weak correlation with flavor. Conversely, the opposite trend was observed for thermal treatment. Thus, using ultrasonic treatment to induce and stabilise the denatured state of proteins is feasible to improve the functional properties and beany flavor of SPI.

Renal Protective Mechanisms of Shenyuan Particle in Db/Db Mice: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology.

Aim: The renal protective mechanisms of Shenyuan particle (SYP) in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were investigated, focusing on the main targets and pathways. Materials and Methods: In this study, the potential targets of compounds identified in SYP were predicted by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and a "herb-compound-target" network was constructed via Cytoscape. Next, the Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were dissected using R language. A protein-protein interaction network was fabricated using STRING to obtain the main target information. In addition, db/db mice were used as the DKD models to explore the renal protective effects of SYP. Transmission electron microscopy, western blot, pathological staining, TUNEL staining, and biochemical methods were used to identify the apoptotic pathways and establish the primary mechanism of SYP. Results: Network pharmacology analysis revealed 67 potential targets based on the analysis of different databases. The targets of SYP were primarily associated with apoptosis. The network hub genes included caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8, caspase 9, Bax, and Bcl-2. In vivo, SYP materially improved renal function and inhibited apoptosis in the db/db mouse kidneys by improving the mitochondrial health. In addition, our results showed that SYP significantly decreased the expression of Bax, caspase 3, and Cyto-c and increased the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusions: Network pharmacology analysis and experimental results suggest that SYP ameliorates DKD mediated via multiple components, targets, and pathways. Our study further demonstrates that SYP inhibits apoptosis in the kidneys of db/db mice by improving the mitochondrial health and thereby alleviating renal damage.

Moxibustion therapy on myofascial pain syndrome: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline.

BACKGROUND: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic systemic pain disorder. Among the common treatments, moxibustion has an irreplaceable therapeutic effect and is an effective Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy for MPS. However, the lack of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) has prompted the publication of guidelines on the use of moxibustion in the treatment of MPS. METHODS: The clinical practice guideline will base on the Institute of Medicine, the World Health Organization guideline handbook, the Grade of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II, Reporting Items for practice, Guideline in Healthcare and recommendations thereof will be made on the basis of systematic reviews. We will establish a guidelines development team that will draft clinical questions in the form of population, intervention, comparison, results and conduct a literature search and quality of evidence assessment. The experts will make recommendations after 2 or 3 rounds of Delphi investigations. We will carefully consider the patient's values and preferences and conduct a peer review. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The guidelines will not contain any personal data and will not prejudice individual rights, so no ethical approval will be required. The guidelines will be subject to rigorous peer review and may be published in a journal or circulated at relevant conferences. RESULTS: The guidelines will be published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. CONCLUSION: This guideline will make it easier for clinicians to treat MPs in the clinical setting and improve the effectiveness of treatment for MPS. STUDY REGISTRATION: The study is registered with the International Practice Guideline Registry Platform (IPGRP): IPGRP-2020CN030.

Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for scapulohumeral periarthritis: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Scapulohumeral periarthritis (SP) is a very common painful shoulder disorder. Several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of acupuncture for patients with SP. However, the evidence has not been systematically synthesized. This overview aims to map, synthesize, and assess the reliability of evidence generated from these SRs and meta-analyses of acupuncture for SP. METHODS: We will electronically search the following databases for literature, regardless of publication status and language: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI); Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM); Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIPdatabase); and Wan-Fang Database. In order to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the literature retrieval, we will combine the Suggestions of evidence-based medicine experts with the actual situation in the literature retrieval process to formulate the retrieval strategy, and make corresponding records to find the most appropriate retrieval strategy. The reference lists and the citation lists of studies meeting the inclusion criteria and relevant SRs will also be searched to identify further studies for inclusion. Before this review completed, the two reviewers will conduct the searching once again to ensure the latest studies could be included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for overviews. We plan to publish results in peer-reviewed journals and present at international and national academic, clinical, and patient conferences. RESULTS: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: This overview will provide comprehensive evidence of acupuncture for patients with SP. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202060020.

Which acupuncture and moxibustion technique is more effective for primary dysmenorrhea: A protocol for a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), also called functional dysmenorrhea, refers to a woman's menstrual period in genital no organic disease, abdominal pain, under the belly and other discomfort for the characteristics of disease of department of gynecology. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been accepted as treatment options for PD. So far, there are so many therapies for PD and their efficacy has been assessed by several systematic reviews. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the effectiveness which acupuncture and moxibustion technique is more effective for primary dysmenorrhea. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The following electronic databases will be searched in this study: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL);PubMed; EMBASE; China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI); Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM);Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database); and Wan-Fang Database(WF). More than two authors independently assessed the quality of the evidence by AMSTAR2, PRISMA, PRISMA-A, and GRADE approach. Two of our researchers will use the bias risk tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration to evaluate the quality of the literature using WinBUGS 1.4.3 and STATA softwares. The primary outcomes include the extent of pain in the lower abdomen measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and relief from symptoms. The quality of life (QoL) and Adverse events will be considered as Additional outcome(s). Their reference lists and the citation lists of studies meeting the inclusion criteria and relevant systematic reviews will also be searched to identify further studies for inclusion. Before this review completed, the 2 reviewers will conduct the search once again to ensure the latest studies could be included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review does not require ethical approval. RESULTS: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: This study will provide comprehensive evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion for patients with PD. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2020500106.