[Releases of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage sludge at different microwave energy inputs].

In this study, the releases of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from sludge treated by microwave irradiation were investigated by batch experiments at two microwave energy inputs (MEIs), 54 kJ and 108 kJ. The final temperatures of the treated samples at these two MEIs were about 56 degrees C and 90 degrees C, respectively. Results showed that the higher MEI was more helpful to release TC, TOC, TN and TP from sludge treated by microwave. The release rates of TC, TN and TP were doubled at the MEI of 108 kJ than that of 54 kJ, and their highest rates were 5.26%, 22.06% and 33.15%, respectively. The MLSS significantly affected releases of TOC, TC, TN, NH4+ -N, TP and ortho-PO4(3-). However, the microwave power (MWP) had no significant effect on these releases except IC. The normalization of these parameters, representing the energy efficiencies of treating sludge, clearly showed that the P (TP) was the highest and the P(IC) was the lowest. However, the average values of P(IC), P(NH4+ -N) and P(ortho-PO4(3-)) decreased at the same MISS concentration, respectively, about 67%, 73% and 56% when the MEI doubled from 54 kJ to 108 kJ.

[Non-filamentous sludge bulking caused by low concentration of dissolved oxygen and phosphorus deficiency and its control].

Non-filamentous sludge bulking occurred during sludge acclimation in lab-scale bio-reactors and the characteristics, properties and degrading pollutants capability of non-filamentous sludge were analyzed. Both low DO concentration (0 - 0.7 mg/L) and low ratio of P/BOD5 (0.78/100) resulted in excessive proliferation of viscous zoogloea and sludge bulking. SVI was directly proportional to extracellular polysaccharides and was inversely proportional to hydrophobicity of sludge. The sludge bulking could be effectively controlled by increasing DO concentration and P/BOD5 ratio. Besides, adding some porous padding into viscous bulking sludge was a useful method which might avoid the deterioration of sludge settlement and maintain good performance in the system. The viscous bulking sludge could not be controlled by addition of NaC1O.