Rules of Meridians and Acupoints Selection in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Based on Data Mining Techniques / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To help selecting appropriate meridians and acupoints in clinical practice and experimental study for Parkinson's disease (PD), the rules of meridians and acupoints selection of acupuncture and moxibustion were analyzed in domestic and foreign clinical treatment for PD based on data mining techniques.@*METHODS@#Literature about PD treated by acupuncture and moxibustion in China and abroad was searched and selected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and MEDLINE. Then the data from all eligible articles were extracted to establish the database of acupuncture-moxibustion for PD. The association rules of data mining techniques were used to analyze the rules of meridians and acupoints selection.@*RESULTS@#Totally, 168 eligible articles were included and 184 acupoints were applied. The total frequency of acupoints application was 1,090 times. Those acupoints were mainly distributed in head and neck and extremities. Among all, Taichong (LR 3), Baihui (DU 20), Fengchi (GB 20), Hegu (LI 4) and Chorea-tremor Controlled Zone were the top five acupoints that had been used. Superior-inferior acupoints matching was utilized the most. As to involved meridians, Du Meridian, Dan (Gallbladder) Meridian, Dachang (Large Intestine) Meridian, and Gan (Liver) Meridian were the most popular meridians.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of meridians and acupoints for PD treatment lay emphasis on the acupoints on the head, attach importance to extinguishing Gan wind, tonifying qi and blood, and nourishing sinews, and make good use of superior-inferior acupoints matching.

Chemical constituents of Solanum coagulans and their antimicrobial activities / 中国天然药物

The present study aimed at determining the chemical constituents of Solanum coagulans and their antimicrobial activities. The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods, and comparison with reported spectroscopic data. One new phenolic glycoside, methyl salicylate 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with 12 known compounds (2-13), were isolated from the aerial parts of Solanum coagulans. Compound 1 was a new phenolic glycoside, and 2-6 were isolated from Solanum genus for the first time. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated. Compound 7 showed remarkable antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum and E. floccosum with MIC values being 3.13, 1.56 and 3.13 μg·mL(-1), respectively.

Analysis of clinical evaluation of response to treatment of Parkinson's disease with integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical evaluation of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients receiving integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to a control group or treatment group. Patients in the two groups received placebo and Bushen Huoxue Granule (, BHG), respectively. Both groups received baseline levodopa and benserazide (Madopar). The effects of treatment were assessed monthly during the 9-month treatment. Means of evaluation included Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores (II and III), sleep scale score, 10 m turn back test (getting up time, 10 m×2 times, and turning time), timing motor test (TMT)-left and TMT-right, which were treated as the dependent variables; and age, sex, duration of PD, Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage and Madopar dosage of admitted PD patients were as the independent variables. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze these factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>H-Y stage significantly affected UPDRS II score, UPDRS III score, and getting up time (P<0.01). Madopar dosage and H-Y stage significantly affected the 10 m×2 times (P<0.05 or <0.01). Madopar dosage significantly affected the sleep scale score (P<0.05). There were also significant correlations between age and TMT-left or TMT-right (P<0.01), and duration of PD and TMT-right (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The six assessed means of clinical evaluation (including UPDRS II and UPDRS III scores, sleep scale score, getting up time, 10 m×2 times, and turning time) are sensitive indexes in all PD patients. H-Y stage and Madopar dosage are the major factors influencing means of clinical assessment of PD treatment.</p>

Antibacterial constituents from Melodinus suaveolens / 中国天然药物

To investigate the non-alkaloidal chemical constituents of the stems and leaves of Melodinus suaveolens and their antibacterial activities. Compounds were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP18, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by comparison with published spectroscopic data, as well as on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antibacterial screening assays were performed by the dilution method. Fourteen compounds were isolated, and identified as lycopersene (1), betulinic aldehyde (2), 3β-acetoxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammaran-20-one (3), 3a-acetyl-2, 3, 5-trimethyl-7a-hydroxy-5-(4,8,12-trimethyl-tridecanyl)-1,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4-oxainden-1-one (4), 3β-hydroxy-28-norlup-20(29)-ene-17β-hydroperoxide (5), 3β-hydroxy-28-norlup-20(29)-ene-17α-hydroperoxide (6), β-sitosterol (7), 28-nor-urs-12-ene-3β, 17β-diol (8), α-amyrin (9), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (10), 3β-hydroxy-urs-11-en-28,13β-olide (11), betulin (12), obtusalin (13), and ursolic acid (14). Among the isolates, compounds 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, and 14 showed potent antibacterial activities against the four bacteria. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of the constituents of Melodinus suaveolens.

Chemical constituents of Allophylus longipes / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the chemical constituents of Allophylus longipes.@*METHODS@#Compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical characteristics and spectral data.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-five compounds were isolated and identified as cycloart-24-en-3β, 26-diol (1), 3-oxotrirucalla-7, 24-dien-21-oic acid (2), zizyberenalic acid (3), colubrinic acid (4), ent-4(15)-eudesmene-1β, 6α-diol (5), 4(15)-eudesmene-1β, 8α-diol (6), 4(15)-eudesmene-1β, 5α-diol (7), methyl asterrate (8), betulin (9), betulinic aldehyde (10), betulinic acid (11), 3β-hydroxy-5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien (12), 3-oxo-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (13), ursolic acid (14), scopoletin (15), fraxidin (16), cleomiscosin A (17), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (18), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (19), 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone (20), p-(aminoalkyl)-benzoic acid (21), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (22), 1-O-p-coumaroylglucose (23), β-sitosterol (24), and poriferast-5-ene-3β, 4β-diol (25).@*CONCLUSION@#All the compounds were isolated from Allophylus longipes for the first time.

Effect of TCM treatment according to syndrome differentiation in enhancing curative effect and reducing side-effect of madopa / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of TCM treatment according to syndrome differentiation in en-hancing curative effect and reducing side-effect of madopa in patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The trial was conducted in 101 PD patients with a prospective stratified randomized and controlled method. They were assigned to group 1 in which the patients of rigidity were treated with Pabing Recipe 1 (PR1) plus Madopa tablets, group 2 with those of tremor given Pabing Recipe 3 (PR3) plus Madopa tablets, and group 3 given a fixed Chinese recipe plus Madopa tablets as the control. The treatment course for all the groups was 3 months. Clinical efficacy was evaluated with unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and the adverse reactions observed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the 4 partial scores and the total score of UPDRS decreased significantly in group 2 (P<0.01), and the former of them and the total score declined in group 1 and 3 (P<0.01), the improvement was better in group 1 and 2 than that in group 3 (P<0.01); the improvement rate in group 1 to 3 was 95.5%, 100.0% and 83.7%, respectively, which was significantly higher in group 1 and 2 than that in group 3 (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TCM treatment according to syndrome differentiation could improve the clinical symptoms and reduce complications in PD patients, which could enhance curative effect and reduce side-effect of madopa.</p>

Anti-gastric ulcer sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from Crepis napifera / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>The anti-gastric ulcer constituents from the roots of Crepis napifera (Franch) Babc (Compositae) were studied.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Solvent partition, Si gel and Rp-18 column chromatography, crystallization and spectral methods were used to extract, isolate and identify two compounds. The activity of compound 1 was tested on the rat stomach by determining the effect on aspirin-induced gastric lesions and on histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two sesquiterpene lactone glycosides, taraxinic acid-1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 11,13-dihydro-taraxinic acid-1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) were obtained. Compound 1 at the dose of 80 mg.kg-1 p.o. inhibited significantly the development of aspirin-induced gastric lesions in the rat and at an i.v. dose of 70 mg.kg-1 did not affect histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the lumen-perfused rat stomach.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is the active component of the plant which protects gastric mucosa and exhibits anti-gastric ulcer action.</p>