Locality identification of Chinese medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis (Lamiaceae) population-level DNA barcoding / 中国中药杂志

Scutellaria baicalensis is an important traditional Chinese medicine and Scutellaria flavonoids have received worldwide attention in recent years. It is the basis of controlling quality of S. baicalensis to develop a reliable genetic marker system used to identify locality of origin. Because of the characteristics of maternal inherited and high-rate of evolution, the cpDNA intergenic spacer can effectively elucidate the degree of genetic variation in different areas of the same species (populations), which can be used as the population-level DNA barcoding to locality identify. In this study, we have used the molecular phylogeography analysis for the three cpDNA intergenic spacers atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH of 17 wild populations from different localities, which reveals the 20 haplotypes, including 13 polymorphic sites and constitutes a shallow gene tree. The authers have divided the haplotypes of S. baicalensis into three grades of population-level DNA barcoding according to the frequence and geographic distribution: 3 highest-frequency haplotypes as area-population-level DNA barcoding, 3 haplotypes were mainly shared by 2-3 adjacent populations as region-population-level DNA barcoding, and there are also 8 unique-population haplotypes as unique-population-level DNA barcoding. The result of this study reveals that population-level DNA barcoding is a reliable genetic marker used to locality identify of S. baicalensis.

Construction of medicinal plant core collection based on molecular phylogeography / 中国中药杂志

The paper introduces the current situation and the characteristics of the medicinal plant core collection. It expounds the significance and research methods for the medicinal plant core collection based on molecular phylogeography. Guided by molecular phylogeography, the essay explores the feasibility and methods of medicinal plant core collection for the medicinal plants with rich wild resources and without wild resources. It further forecasts the application of medicinal plant core collection methods on the basis of molecular phylogegraphy.

Determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide in Saposhnikovia divaricata and HPLC fingerprint analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop HPLC methods for the determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide in Saposhnicovia divaricata and of HPLC fingerprint to compare the wild and culture varieties.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Conditions of determination: Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), methanol-water (40:60) as mobile phase with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. Conditions of HPLC fingerprint: MG II C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), using linear gradient elution, the column temperature was 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average recovery of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 99.6% (RSD 0.72%, n=6). The average recovery of 5-O-methylvisammisoide was 102.6% (RSD 0.88%, n=6). The contents of prim-o-glucosylcimifugin in wild and culture varieties were (4.96 +/- 2.59) and (3.61 +/- 1.82) mg x g(-1) respectively. The contents of 5-O-methylvisammisoide were (3.91 +/- 2.09) and (4.37 +/- 2.02) mg x g(-1) respectively. The compositions of S. divaricata were effective separated under the conditions of HPLC fingerprint.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HPLC determination method of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide is convenient and accurate. The HPLC fingerprint analysis method could be a basis for quality control and classification evaluate of S. divaricata.</p>

Shapes, properties and microstructures of gadfly / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search and identify the microstructure of medicinal properties of six kinds of gadfly.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The medicinal properties, different body parts and bristles microscopic characteristics were compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The two-spotted yellow gadfly had a smaller size. Its length no more than 14 mm, body wall debris was yellow brown or pale yellow, the seta was smaller than that of the other gadflies; while the other five varieties' body lengths all exceeded 15 mm, and their body wall debris mostly were brown black or gray and black.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The authentication between the two-spotted yellow gadfly and the other five varieties can be made by the microscopic characteristics of their medicinal properties, body wall debris colors, bristle lengths, and basal diameters.</p>

Comparative research on pharmacognostic characteristics and microscopic characteristics of Radix Paeoniae Rubra from different areas / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare pharmacognostic characteristics and microscopic characteristics of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (chishao) from different areas.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Pharmacognostic characteristics and microscopic characteristics of Radix Paeoniae Rubra were compared by microscope count methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Chishao in duolun was more straighter and longer, cortex with a set of closely spaced rill, peel off easily, pink section, etc. The wild chishao were different from the cultivated chishao on pharmacognostic characteristics and microscopic characteristics, such as appearance shape, smell, vessel arrangement, and number of crystal and starch in unit area.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chishao in duolun were different form others, appearance shape, wood fiber, difference of appearance shape, vessel arrangement, and number of crystal and starch in unit area can be used as identificatin feature of the wild chishao and the cultivated chishao.</p>

Processing technics of Rhizoma Dioscoreae stired by wheat bran / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the processing technics of prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae for its industrial production.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effect factors, such as stiring temperature (60, 80, 100 degrees C), stiring time (10, 20, 30 min) and the proportion of pieces and wheat bran (100: 5, 100: 10, 100: 15) were evaluated by orthogonal method. The content of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae was determine by HPLC method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The amount of wheat bran could affect the content of allation significantly, and stiring temperature and stiring time almost had no effect on content of allantoin. The processing technics was tested by industrial produce, according to 11 batches from 4 growing regions. The result showed that the quality of industrial product was stable.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>That the amount of wheat bran can affect the quality of Rhizoma Dioscoreae greatly. The determined technics is simple and suitable for prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae industrival manufacture.</p>