Mechanisms of Bushen Tiaoxue Granules against controlled ovarian hyperstimulation-induced abnormal morphology of endometrium based on network pharmacology.

Bushen Tiaoxue Granules (BTG) is an empirical Chinese herbal formula that has been used for the treatment of subfertility. The protective effect of BTG on controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)-induced impaired endometrial receptivity has been reported in our previous study. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of BTG on ameliorating abnormal morphology of endometrium based on network pharmacology. Active compounds of BTG were identified via the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology and UPLC-MS technology. The SwissTargetPrediction platform and HERB database were used to screen out the putative targets of BTG. Potential targets of endometrial dysfunction caused by COH were obtained from three GEO databases. Through the STRING database, the protein-protein interaction was carried out according to the cross-common targets of diseases and drugs. GO terms and KEGG pathways enrichment analyses were conducted via the Metascape database. AutoDock Vina was used for docking validation of the affinity between active compounds and potential targets. Finally, in vivo experiments were used to verify the potential mechanisms derived from network pharmacology study. A total of 141 effective ingredients were obtained from TCMSP and nine of which were verified in UPLC-MS. Six genes were selected through the intersection of 534 disease related genes and 165 drug potential targets. Enrichment analyses showed that BTG might reverse endometrial dysfunction by regulating adherens junction and arachidonic acid metabolism. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that BTG ameliorated the loose and edematous status of endometrial epithelium caused by COH. The protein expression of FOXO1A, ß-Catenin and COX-2 was decreased in the COH group, and was up-regulated by BTG. BTG significantly alleviates the edema of endometrial epithelium caused by COH. The mechanisms may be related to adheren junctions and activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. The potential active compounds quercetin, taxifolin, kaempferol, eriodictyol, and isorhamnetin identified from the BTG exhibit marginal cytotoxicity. Both high and low concentrations of kaempferol, eriodictyol, and taxifolin are capable of effectively ameliorating impaired hESC cellular activity.

Iridium(III)-Based Infrared Two-Photon Photosensitizers: Systematic Regulation of Their Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy.

Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are of significant importance in the field of antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), whether they exist as single molecules or are incorporated into nanomaterials. Nevertheless, a comprehensive examination of the relationship between their molecular structure and PDT effectiveness remains awaited. The influencing factors of two-photon excited PDT can be anticipated to be further multiplied, particularly in relation to intricate nonlinear optical properties. At present, a comprehensive body of research on this topic is lacking, and few discernible patterns have been identified. In this study, through systematic structure regulation, the nitro-substituted styryl group and 1-phenylisoquinoline ligand containing YQ2 was found to be the most potent infrared two-photon excitable photosensitizer in a 4 × 3 combination library of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. YQ2 could enter cells via an energy-dependent and caveolae-mediated pathway, bind specifically to mitochondria, produce 1O2 in response to 808 nm LPL irradiation, activate caspases, and induce apoptosis. In vitro, YQ2 displayed a remarkable phototherapy index for both malignant melanoma (>885) and non-small-cell lung cancer (>1234) based on these functions and was minimally deleterious to human normal liver and kidney cells. In in vivo antitumor phototherapy, YQ2 inhibited tumor growth by an impressive 85% and could be eliminated from the bodies of mice with a half-life as short as 43 h. This study has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of phototherapeutic drugs that are extremely effective in treating large, profoundly located solid tumors as well as the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of Ir(III)-based PSs in PDT.

Herbs for lochia discharge used among postpartum women in Taiwan.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In the traditional Taiwanese culture of "postpartum confinement", the term "lochia discharge" is a synonym for assisting postpartum uterine involution. Postpartum women in Taiwan consult traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies to obtain various TCM formulations that facilitate lochia discharge. AIM OF THE STUDY: As an ethnopharmacy study, we aimed to conduct field investigations to explore the herbal composition of TCM formulations for lochia discharge provided by TCM pharmacies in Taiwan and to identify the pharmaceutical implications of these TCM formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through stratified sampling, we collected 98 formulations for postpartum lochia discharge from TCM pharmacies, which used a total of 60 medicinal materials. RESULTS: The most common plant families of the medicinal materials found in Taiwanese lochia discharge formulations were Fabaceae and Lauraceae. Abiding by the TCM theory of nature and flavor, most drugs were warm in nature and sweet in flavor, and predominantly focused on the traditional functions of qi tonifying and blood activating. Correlation and network analyses of the medicinal components of lochia discharge formulations identified 11 core herbs, which, in the order of most to least frequently used, include Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum striatum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale, Prunus persica, Eucommia ulmoides, Leonurus japonicus, Lycium chinense, Hedysarum polybotrys, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora. These 11 herbs formed a total of 136 drug combinations in the 98 formulations, with 2-7 herbs in each combination. In addition, in the center of the network were A. sinensis and L. striatum, which jointly appeared in 92.8% of the formulations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review lochia discharge formulations in Taiwan. The results of this study could provide an important basis for subsequent research in the clinical efficacy of Taiwanese lochia discharge formulations and the pharmacological mechanisms of their herbal components.

Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the sole FDA approved thrombolytic drug for ischemic stroke. But delayed thrombolytic therapy with tPA may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Many Chinese herbal medicines have been used as tPA helpers to enhance the capacity of tPA and minimize the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis is not systematically analyzed. METHODS: We searched the following three databases up to January 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies that reported the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke were included. The efficacy outcomes were neurological score and infarct volume, the safety outcomes were cerebral hemorrhage and blood brain barrier (BBB) damage. We used the checklist of CAMARADES to assess the quality of included studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess all the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Trim and fill method and Egger's test were used to assess the potential publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to identify the stability of the results. RESULTS: A total of nine studies including 11 Chinese herbal medicines fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. The pooled data demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines improved neurological score (2.23 SMD, 1.42-3.04), infarct volume (1.08 SMD, 0.62-1.54), attenuated cerebral hemorrhage (1.87 SMD, 1.34-2.4), and BBB dysfunction (1.9 SMD, 1.35-2.45) following tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated that the route of drug delivery, dosage of tPA, and stroke model used may be factors inducing heterogeneity and influencing the efficacy. CONCLUSION: Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines significantly improved neurological score and infarct volume, reduced cerebral hemorrhage and BBB damage after tPA thrombolysis. This study supports Chinese herbal medicine as an adjuvant therapy in reducing the side effects of tPA thrombolysis after acute ischemic stroke. The results should be interpreted with more caution since this article was based on animal studies.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for prevention of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with silent lacunar infarction: a preliminary study.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients with silent lacunar infarct and preliminarily to determine the relationship among TEAS, blood-brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, and POD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four-old patients with silent lacunar infarct were randomly divided into two groups: group TEAS and control group (group C). Patients in the group TEAS received TEAS (disperse-dense waves; frequency, 2/100 Hz) on acupoints Hegu and Neiguan of both sides starting from 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia until the end of surgery, and the intensity was the maximum current that could be tolerated. In group C, electrodes were placed on the same acupoints before anesthesia induction, but no current was given. At 0 minute before the treatment of TEAS, 30 minutes after skin incision, and after completion of surgery (T1-3), blood samples were extracted to detect the concentration of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and S100ß. We assessed patients for delirium and coma twice daily in the first 3 postoperative days using the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit and the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. RESULTS: This study preliminarily suggests that TEAS can reduce the development of POD in elderly patients with silent lacunar infarction (6.3% vs 25.0%; P=0.039). Compared with the baseline value at T1, the serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, and S100ß were significantly increased at T2-3 in both the groups (P<0.05). Compared with group TEAS, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher at T2-3 and serum levels of MMP-9 and S100ß were higher at T3 in group C (P<0.05). The intraoperative anesthetic consumptions were less in group TEAS than group C. CONCLUSION: TEAS can alleviate POD in older patients with silent lacunar infarction and may be related to reduce the neuroinflammation by lowering the permeability of BBB.

[Effect and regulation mechanism of Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions on endometrial receptivity].

Endometrial receptivity refers to the ability of endometrium to accept and accommodate endometrial implantation in the process of embryo implantation in implantation window period. It is an important factor affecting the rate of blastocyst implantation in assisted reproduction. It is worth mentioning that ovulation-promoting drugs in current assisted reproduction technology could reduce endometrial receptivity and inhibit blastocyst implantation, greatly affecting the success rate of assisted reproduction. By searching Chinese Scientific Citation Database, it was found that 121 studies from 2006 to 2017 showed that Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions could significantly improve the development of pinopodes in the implantation window, promote the expression of endometrial receptors ER, PR, integrinß3, LIF, LPA3 and other molecules, and thus enhancing endometrial receptivity and improving embryo implantation. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, kidney deficiency is an important factor causing infertility. Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions could nourish the kidney-essence, and promote blood circulation, playing an important role in treating infertility with combined application of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. These studies suggest that Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions could improve endometrial receptivity, and their mechanisms are worth further investigation. This article has summarized the research progress of Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions in the field of assisted reproduction, summarized the deficiency of current researches, and preliminarily discussed the potential application prospect of Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions in the treatment of infertility.

Effects of preconditioning of electro-acupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Electro-acupuncture is a burgeoning treatment using the needle inserting into the body acupoints and the low-frequency pulse current being electrified by an electric acupuncture machine. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of preconditioning of electro-acupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly.Ninety patients scheduled spine surgery were randomly assigned into 2 groups using a random number table: control group (group C) and electro-acupuncture group (group EA). In group EA, electro-acupuncture was applied on Baihui, Dazhui, and Zusanli acupoints 30 minutes before anesthesia. At 0 minute before treatment of electro-acupuncture, 1 hour after skin incision and surgery completed (T1-3), blood samples were taken for detection of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and S100ß by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total dose of remifentanil and propofol during surgery were recorded. Mini-Mental State Examination was applied to evaluate the cognitive function of patients at 1 day before surgery and 7th and 30th day after surgery.The results showed that compared with group C, score of MMSE increased after surgery, the serum concentration of IL-6, IL-10, and S100ß decreased at 1 hour after skin incision, and surgery completed in group EA. Moreover, the total dose of remifentanil and propofol reduced during surgery in group EA.The present study suggests that preconditioning of electro-acupuncture could improve the postoperative cognitive function, and the reduction of inflammatory reaction and brain injury may be involved in the mechanism.

[Open, multicenter, phase â £ clinical trial of Shenbei Guchang capsules in treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome].

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Shenbei Guchang capsules in treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (yang deficiency of spleen and kidney) under widely used conditions, an open, multicenter, controlled, phase Ⅳ clinical trial was conducted in the drug clinical trial centers of 16 domestic hospitals. 2 123 patients from June 10, 2011 to November 29, 2012 were enrolled in the trial. Drug clinical trial was approved by Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Ethics Committee before implementation. Before the start of trial, subjects were selected according to the research scheme and inclusion criteria, then they would step into the 14 d study after signing Informed Consent Form. All subjects were treated according to the research scheme, evaluated the conditions and filled in CFR sheet, to provide the evaluation data and information on safety and efficacy of Shenbei Guchang capsules. Shenbei Guchang capsules were used to treat diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome in widely used conditions (2 123 cases), and 2 029 cases of them entered FAS set, cure+markedly effective in 1 921 cases, with a comprehensive curative effect rate of 94.68%; 2 010 cases of them entered PPS set, cure+markedly effective in 1 906 cases, with a comprehensive curative effect rate of 94.83%. The primary symptoms of IBS were abdominal pain and diarrhea. After treatment, both abdominal pain and diarrhea were improved, with significant differences (P<0.000 1). There were significant differences in traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores on both post-treatment day 7 and day 14 as compared with the conditions before treatment (P<0.000 1). 35 cases of adverse events occurred during the trial with an incidence of 1.65%, including 12 cases of drug-related adverse events (adverse reaction) with an incidence of 0.57%, mainly manifested as nausea, abdominal distension and dry mouth, most of which would be spontaneously relieved without any measures. No serious adverse events occurred. The commercially available Shenbei Guchang capsules are proved safe and effective for the treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (yang deficiency of spleen and kidney) under widely used conditions (2 123 cases), and can be continued for clinical promotion and application.

Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with GreenLight 120-W laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The aim of this study is to assess the overall efficacy and safety of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLight 120-W laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for treating patients of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We performed a literature search of The Cochrane Library and the electronic databases, including Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Manual searches were conducted of the conference proceedings, including European Association of Urology and American Urological Association (2007 to 2012). Outcomes reviewed included clinical baseline characteristics, perioperative data, complications, and postoperative functional results, such as postvoid residual (PVR), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and maximum flow rate (Qmax). Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were enrolled. Three hundred and forty-seven patients undergone 120-W PVP, and 350 patients were treated with TURP in the RCTs. There were no significant differences for clinical characteristics in these trials. In perioperative data, catheterization time and length of hospital stay were shorter in the PVP group. However, the operation time was shorter in the TURP group. Capsular perforation, blood transfusion, clot retention, and macroscopic hematuria were markedly less likely in PVP-treated subjects. The other complications between PVP and TURP did not demonstrate a statistic difference. There were no significant differences in QoL, PVR, IPSS, and Qmax in the 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of postoperative follow-up. There was no significant difference at postoperation follow-up of functional outcomes including IPSS, PVR, Qmax, and QoL between the TURP-treated subjects and PVP-treated subjects. Owing to a shorter catheterization time, reduced hospital duration and less complication, PVP could be used as an alternative and a promising minimal invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of BPH.

Open, multicenter, phase Ⅳ clinical trial of Shenbei Guchang capsules in treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Shenbei Guchang capsules in treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (yang deficiency of spleen and kidney) under widely used conditions, an open, multicenter, controlled, phase Ⅳ clinical trial was conducted in the drug clinical trial centers of 16 domestic hospitals. 2 123 patients from June 10, 2011 to November 29, 2012 were enrolled in the trial. Drug clinical trial was approved by Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Ethics Committee before implementation. Before the start of trial, subjects were selected according to the research scheme and inclusion criteria, then they would step into the 14 d study after signing Informed Consent Form. All subjects were treated according to the research scheme, evaluated the conditions and filled in CFR sheet, to provide the evaluation data and information on safety and efficacy of Shenbei Guchang capsules. Shenbei Guchang capsules were used to treat diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome in widely used conditions (2 123 cases), and 2 029 cases of them entered FAS set, cure+markedly effective in 1 921 cases, with a comprehensive curative effect rate of 94.68%; 2 010 cases of them entered PPS set, cure+markedly effective in 1 906 cases, with a comprehensive curative effect rate of 94.83%. The primary symptoms of IBS were abdominal pain and diarrhea. After treatment, both abdominal pain and diarrhea were improved, with significant differences (P<0.000 1). There were significant differences in traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores on both post-treatment day 7 and day 14 as compared with the conditions before treatment (P<0.000 1). 35 cases of adverse events occurred during the trial with an incidence of 1.65%, including 12 cases of drug-related adverse events (adverse reaction) with an incidence of 0.57%, mainly manifested as nausea, abdominal distension and dry mouth, most of which would be spontaneously relieved without any measures. No serious adverse events occurred. The commercially available Shenbei Guchang capsules are proved safe and effective for the treatment of diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (yang deficiency of spleen and kidney) under widely used conditions (2 123 cases), and can be continued for clinical promotion and application.

A new prognostic scale for the early prediction of ischemic stroke recovery mainly based on traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and NIHSS score: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common disease, often resulting in death or disability. Previous studies on prognosis of stroke mainly focused on the baseline condition or modern expensive tests. However, the change of clinical symptoms during acute stage is considerably neglected. In our study, we aim to develop a new prognostic scale to predict the 90-day outcome of IS patients. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a secondary data analysis was performed on 489 patients extracted from 1046 patients of 4 hospitals. A new prognostic scale was constructed to predict the recovery of IS mainly based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms & signs and the changes during the first 3 days of patients in the 3 TCM hospitals. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff point for prediction. In the end, the scale was used to test the outcome of IS patients in Xuanwu hospital. RESULTS: The new prognostic scale was composed of 8 items including age degree (OR = 3.32; 95 % CI: 1.72-6.42), history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 2.20; 95 % CI: 1.19-4.08), NIHSS score (OR = 3.08; 95 % CI: 2.16-4.40), anxiety (OR = 3.17; 95 % CI: 1.90-5.29) and irritability (OR = 4.61; 95 % CI: 1.36-15.63) on the 1st day of illness onset, change in NIHSS score (OR = 2.49; 95 % CI: 1.31-4.73), and circumrotating (OR = 7.80; 95 % CI: 1.98-30.64) and tinnitus (OR = 13.25; 95 % CI: 1.55-113.34) during the first 3 days of stroke onset. The total score of the scale was 16.5 and the cutoff point was 9.5, which means patients would have poor outcome at 90 days of stroke onset if the score was higher than 9.5. The new scale was validated on the data of Xuanwu hospital, and the value of its sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 69.6 %, 83.3 % and 75.0 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-item scale, mainly based on TCM symptoms, NIHSS score and their changes during the first 3 days, can predict the 90-day outcome for IS patients while it still needs to be further validated and optimized clinically.

The use of repeated measures analysis of variance to study the effect of phlegm-heat syndrome on neurological deficits in patients with stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of phlegm-heat syndrome on the degree of neurological deficit and provide some data support for the correct recognition of the relationship between phlegm-heat syndrome and neurological deficits in stroke patients. METHODS: Clinical information were collected on 294 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) whose syndrome and National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score were checked at baseline (within the first 3-day admission) and at 7, 14, 28, and 90 days after admission to our clinical research centre. We explored the effect of phlegm-heat syndrome on the degree of neurological deficit following stroke by applying a repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Stroke patients with phlegm-heat syndrome had higher NIHSS score than patients without the syndrome (P <0.01), and there appeared to be a decrease in NIHSS score over time in all patients (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Phlegm-heat syndrome in patients who have suffered stroke has an effect on the degree of neurological deficiency. Disappearance of phlegm-heat syndrome may improve the degree of neurological deficit observed in stroke patients.

[Study on the correlation between stroke of qi deficiency syndrome and the neurological impairment degree and its long-term prognosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between stroke of qi deficiency syndrome (QDS) and the neurological impairment degree, and to study its correlation between QDS and its long-term prognosis. METHODS: Recruited were 706 stroke patients with complete clinical information including diagnostic scale scoring of elements such as wind, fire, phlegm, blood stasis, qi deficiency, and yin deficiency, scoring of The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within 72 h from attack, on the 7th, 14th, 28th, and 90th day after attack, and Barthel index (BI) scoring on the 90th day. They were assigned to the QDS group (330 cases) and the non-QDS group (376 cases). The NIHSS scores at different time points were compared between the two groups using analysis of variance of repeated measure data. The correlation between each syndrome element and the long-term prognosis of stroke was studied using Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Higher NIHSS score was found in patients of QDS than those of non-QDS at each time point (P < 0.01). Statistical difference existed in NIHSS score between the two groups at each time point (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Besides, NIHSS score decreased gradually as time went by. The occurrence frequencies of blood stasis syndrome and phlegm syndrome were higher at each time point. On the 90th day after attack, 427 patients with BI > or = 95 (accounting for 60%) had favorable prognosis, while 279 with BI < 95 (accounting for 40%) had unfavorable prognosis. QDS at each time point was negatively correlated with the 90th-day BI, with the B value being -0.496, -0.714, -0.867, -0.567, and -0.764, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke patients of QDS had more severe neurological impairment than those of non-QDS. Stroke patients of acute-stage QDS was closely correlated with unfavorable prognosis on the 90th day after attack. Early actively invigorating healthy qi plays an important role in improving the long-term prognosis of stroke patients.

[Pathogenesis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

In order to explore the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to find the best evidence for clinical practice, recent literature about the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD was analyzed, and it was found that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most important factor in development of NAFLD. Based on insulin resistance (IR), generation of ROS is a central link in the course of "two hits". Other factors, such as leptin resistance, caspase-3, Fas and its ligand, peripheral natural killer T cells, cyclooxygenase-2, metabolic nuclear receptors, hepatic deposition of iron, ferritin, haptoglobin, retinol binding protein 4, imbalance of intestinal flora, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, also contribute to the progress of NAFLD. In the treatment of NAFLD, beside the conventionally used methods such as IR improvement, antioxidation and lipid metabolism improvement, other medicines such as nuclear metabolism ligands or activators, iron-chelating agents and syndrome differentiation treatment in traditional Chinese medicine also have good efficacy.

Multiple auditory steady-state responses to bone conduction stimuli / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the accuracy of threshold using the multiple auditory steady state responses (MASSR) to bone conduction stimuli in a group of patients with conductive hearing loss.@*METHOD@#Thirty patients with conductive hearing loss were assessed by MASSR and by pure-tone audiometry, and compared the results of these two methods.@*RESULT@#The thresholds of MASSR and those of PTA were significantly correlated, and the accuracy of MASSR were similar to PTA for the patients with conductive hearing loss.@*CONCLUSION@#MASSR can be used to assess the hearing thresholds of patients with conductive hearing loss.