RESUMEN
Mechanisms for low concentrations phosphorus removal in secondary effluent were studied, and a process was developed using limestone filters (LF), submerged macrophyte oxidation ponds (SMOPs) and a subsurface vertical flow wetland (SVFW). Pilot scale experimental models were applied in series to investigate the advanced purification of total phosphorus (TP) in secondary effluent at the Chengjiang sewage treatment plant. With a total hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 82.52 h, the average effluent TP dropped to 0.17 mg L(-1), meeting the standard for Class III surface waters. The major functions of the LF were adsorption and forced precipitation, with a particulate phosphorus (PP) removal of 82.93% and a total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) removal of 41.07%. Oxygen-releasing submerged macrophytes in the SMOPs resulted in maximum dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH values of 11.55 mg L(-1) and 8.10, respectively. This regime provided suitable conditions for chemical precipitation of TDP, which was reduced by a further 39.29%. In the SVFW, TDP was further reduced, and the TP removal in the final effluent reached 85.08%.
Asunto(s)
Fósforo/aislamiento & purificación , Purificación del Agua , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biomasa , Calamus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hydrocharitaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Oxígeno/análisis , Proyectos Piloto , Aguas del Alcantarillado/análisis , HumedalesRESUMEN
Triptolide is one of the major active components of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) - Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHf), which has been reported to be effective in the treatment of patients with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. However, its clinical use is restricted due to its scarce water solubility and some toxic effects. In order to find innovative ways for administering triptolide and alleviating its disadvantages, the novel types of delivery systems have been developed. This paper reviews the studies of triptolide- loaded nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) in our group during the past three years. The preparation, characterization, pharmacology and toxicity of triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, microemulsions and polymeric nanoparticles were investigated. The results indicated that the NDDS presented more powerful activity and a lower toxicity in comparison with common drug carrier.
RESUMEN
Steroidogenic factor 1, a member of the fushi tarazu factor 1 (FTZ-F1) subfamily of nuclear receptors, is a key regulator in mammalian reproduction. From an embryonic complementary DNA library, the zebrafish homolog of FTZ-F1 (zFF1A) and an alternatively spliced variant (zFF1B) were isolated. zFF1B represented a C-terminally truncated version of zFF1A. Whole mount in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that both zFF1A and B transcripts were present in the developing pituitaries, adult fish brain, gonads, and liver, albeit zFF1B messenger RNA was absent in testis. Comparison of the primary sequences of zFF1 with those of other FTZ-F1 subfamily members showed a close structural relationship between the mouse liver receptor homolog, which activated the alpha1-fetoprotein gene in rodent liver. However, similar to mouse steroidogenic factor 1, zFF1A regulated chinook salmon gonadotropin IIbeta subunit gene expression. On the contrary, zFF1B, which could bind a consensus gonadotrope-specific element with an affinity similar to that of zFF1A, lacked both the trans-activation function and synergistic interaction with the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, cotransfection studies in HeLa cells showed that zFF1B was a strong competitor for the action of zFF1A on the chinook salmon gonadotropin IIbeta subunit gene promoter. Our investigation suggests that 1) zFF1 represents an ancestor protein of the vertebrate FTZ-F1 homologs; 2) the antagonistic relationship between zFF1A and -B may dictate the expression of the FTZ-F1 target genes in a variety of tissues, including the pituitary; and 3) the naturally occurring zFF1B provides evidence that the C-terminal portion of zFF1A (80 amino acid residues) contains a major trans-activation function and a protein-protein interface.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/genética , Gonadotropinas Hipofisarias/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Salmón/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Dedos de Zinc/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Química Encefálica/genética , Clonación Molecular , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/química , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Fushi Tarazu , Gonadotropinas Hipofisarias/química , Células HeLa , Proteínas de Homeodominio , Humanos , Hibridación in Situ , Hígado/química , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Ovario/química , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares , Alineación de Secuencia , Factor Esteroidogénico 1 , Testículo/química , Factores de Transcripción/química , Activación Transcripcional/genética , Pez Cebra , Proteínas de Pez CebraRESUMEN
Three hundred twenty two transcutaneous bilirubin measurements (TcBM) were performed in 124 Chinese newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice in evidence. The effect of pathologic factors on the relationship between TcBM readings and total serum bilirubin (SB) levels was analyzed by multiple regression. The results of regression showed that the relationship between TcBM readings and total SB levels was affected by anemia, phototherapy, ABO and Ph hemolytic disease, and premature. Multiple stepwise regression showed that, after adjusting for each other, anemia, phototherapy and Rh hemolytic disease were the significant factors affecting the relationship between the TcBM readings and total SB levels. A practical multiple regression equation for estimation of total SB levels through TcBM readings considering the significant pathologic factors was suggested.