Association of gestational hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes with serum ferritin levels in early pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.

Aims: Previous studies showed conflicting results linking body iron stores to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and dyslipidemia. We aim to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin, and the prevalence of GDM, insulin resistance (IR) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: A total of 781 singleton pregnant women of gestation in Shanghai General Hospital took part in the retrospective cohort study conducted. The participants were divided into four groups by quartiles of serum ferritin levels (Q1-4). Binary logistic regressions were used to examine the strength of association between the different traits and the serum ferritin (sFer) quartiles separately, where Q1 (lowest ferritin quartile) was taken as the base reference. One-way ANOVA was adopted to compare the averages of the different variables across Sfer quartiles. Results: Compared with the lowest serum ferritin quartile (Q1), the ORs for Q3, and Q4 in our population were 1.79 (1.01-2.646), and 2.07 (1.089-2.562) respectively and this trend persisted even after adjusted for age and pre-BMI. Women with higher serum ferritin quartile including Q3 (OR=2.182, 95%CI=1.729-5.527, P=0.003) and Q4(OR=3.137, 95%CI=3.137-8.523, P<0.01)are prone to develop insulin resistance disorders. No significant difference was observed between sFer concentrations and gestational hypertriglyceridemia(GTG) in the comparison among these 4 groups across logistic regressions but TG was found positively correlated with increased ferritin values in the second trimester. Conclusions: Increased concentrations of plasma ferritin in early pregnancy are significantly and positively associated with insulin resistance and incidence of GDM but not gestational dyslipidemia. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine whether it is necessary to encourage pregnant women to take iron supplement as a part of routine antenatal care.

Corrigendum: The Role of High-Content Complex Dietary Fiber in Medical Nutrition Therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684898.].

The Role of High-Content Complex Dietary Fiber in Medical Nutrition Therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: A controlled open clinical study was conducted to evaluate the role of Ricnoat, a high-content complex dietary fiber powder produced by Zhuhai Aimed Biotechnology Co. Ltd., in medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to treat gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study aimed to investigate glycemic control, lipid control, weight control, and pregnancy outcomes (neonatal weight) in patients with GDM, as well as evaluate the clinical safety of Ricnoat. Methods: A total of 120 patients with GDM who were admitted to three hospitals in Shanghai between January 2019 and January 2020 were enrolled. Ricnoat was used for intervention for patients in the experimental group. Using a χ2 test and t-test, respectively, comparisons were conducted between the measurement data and countable data of the demographics and baseline disease characteristics of the experimental group and control group. Results: Fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, maternal gestational weight gain, neonatal weight, serum creatinine, glutamate transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, whereas high-density lipoprotein was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Ricnoat intervention resulted in satiety higher than the expected 80% and more common occurrence of type 4 (smooth and soft, like salami or a snake) and type 5 (a soft mass with clear edges) stools. Conclusion: Ricnoat intervention had a significant effect on glycemic control, lipid control, weight control, and pregnancy outcomes (neonatal weight) in patients with GDM by enhancing maternal satiety and improving the stool features of pregnant women. It was also found to be safe for application during pregnancy.

Thermal and pasting properties and digestibility of blends of potato and rice starches differing in amylose content.

In this study, waxy or normal potato starches (WPS or NPS) were blended with waxy, low-amylose or high-amylose rice starch (WRS, LARS or HARS) in different ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100). Pasting profiles of blends were additively between those of the component starches separately except for some mixtures of WRS and potato starches. Twin or even three gelatinization peaks were observed for potato-WRS or potato-HARS blend, while only one peak was observed in potato-LARS blend. Addition of WRS enhanced the nutritional profile of blends containing WPS by decreasing the rapidly digestible starch level. Microscopy revealed that addition of WRS was beneficial for the development of dense and compact structure of gels of blends compared with their counterparts, which may be because few amylose chains leached to inhibit the interaction between swollen potato and rice starch granules. Besides, peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosity as well as gelatinization enthalpy showed significantly negative correlations with amylose leaching. Non-additive behaviours were observed for properties, but more independent behaviour was observed between potato starch and LARS or HARS. Results suggested that properties of blends of potato and rice starches differing in amylose content varied through different extents of amylose leaching.