Glycolysis inhibition for synergistic phototherapy of triple-negative breast cancer.

Phototherapy is a local and precise therapeutic technique for tumor treatment. However, the therapeutic effects of photothermal and photodynamic therapies are inevitably encountered by hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment and heat shock protein induced by hyperthermia, respectively. Herein, we found that mannose, a glucose analog, could reverse tumor hypoxia by inhibiting glycolysis of cancer cells and suppressing the expression of heat shock protein through inhibiting cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Next, we used lipid nanoparticles simultaneously loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and mannose molecules, named imLipo, for tumor therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments evidenced that the imLipo nanoplatform has significant therapeutic efficacy through synergistic phototherapy under single near-infrared laser irradiation. This work shows that glycolysis inhibition can overcome the challenges of phototherapy. In addition, all three parts (mannose, ICG, and lipid) of imLipo are clinically approved and our designed nanoplatforms have great potential for future tumor treatment.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of medicinal plant: Dianthus chinensis (Caryophyllaceae).

Dianthus chinensis is a medicinal plant. Its complete chloroplast genome sequence is 149,570 bp in length, containing 126 complete genes, including 84 protein-coding genes (84 PCGs), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (8 rRNAs), and 34 tRNA genes (34 tRNAs). The overall GC content of cp DNA is 34.1%, the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.0%, 29.8%, and 42.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree shows that D. chinensis is a sister to D. longicalyx.

The complete chloroplast genome of Scutellaria scordifolia (Labiatae).

Scutellaria scordifolia Fisch. ex Schrank Li is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant of genus Scutellaria from the Labiatae family. The complete chloroplast genome of was 152,336 bp in length, which contained 133 complete genes including 87 protein-coding genes (87 PCGs), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (8 rRNAs), and 37 transfer RNA genes (37 tRNAs). The GC content of chloroplast DNA was 38.3%. The corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 36.3%, 32.5%, and 43.6%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree showed that the species from genus Scutellaria were divided into two monophyletic clades, and the divergence time of S. scordifolia was earlier than that of the other species.