Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) hijacks twist1 to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Rationale: Vitamin D (VD) has been suggested to have antitumor effects, however, research on the role of its transporter vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP, gene name as GC) in tumors is limited. In this study, we demonstrated the mechanism underlying the inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) by VDBP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and proposed an anti-tumor strategy of combining anti-PD-1 therapy with VD. Methods: Three-dimensional cell culture models and mice with hepatocyte-specific GC deletion were utilized to study the correlation between VDBP expression and VM. A patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model was further applied to validate the therapeutic efficacy of VD in combination with an anti-PD-1 drug. Results: The study revealed that VDBP expression is negatively correlated with VM in HCC patients and elevated VDBP expression is associated with a favorable prognosis. The mechanism studies suggested VDBP hindered the binding of Twist1 on the promoter of VE-cadherin by interacting with its helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain, ultimately leading to the inhibition of VM. Furthermore, VD facilitated the translocation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) into the nucleus where VDR interacts with Yin Yang 1 (YY1), leading to the transcriptional activation of VDBP. We further demonstrated that the combination of VD and anti-PD-1 led to an improvement in the anti-tumor efficacy of an anti-PD-1 drug. Conclusion: Collectively, we identified VDBP as an important prognostic biomarker in HCC patients and uncovered it as a therapeutic target for enhancing the efficacy of immune therapy.

Guideline for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine (2022 version) / 中国中药杂志

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.

Pathogenic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems and polymyxin / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Analysis and investigation of pathogenic characteristics of polymyxin-and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (PR-CRKP). Methods: A total of 23 PR-CRKP strains isolated from clinical specimens from the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from March 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively collected, Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 23 PR-CRKP strains, resistance genes were identified by comparison of the CARD and the ResFinder database, high-resolution typing of PR-CRKP strains was analyzed by core genomic multilocus sequencing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); polymyxin resistance genes were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: All PR-CRKP strains were KPC-2 producing ST11 types. cgMLST results showed that the evolutionary distance between the PR-CRKP strains and Klebsiella pneumoniae in mainland China was 66.44 on average, which is more closely related than foreign strains; the 23 PR-CRKP strains were divided into 3 main subclusters based on SNP phylogenetic trees, with some aggregation among Clade 2-1 in the isolation department and date. The two-component negative regulatory gene mgrB has seven mutation types including point mutations, different insertion fragments and different insertion positions. Conclusion: The close affinity of PR-CRKP strains indicate the possibility of nosocomial clonal transmission and the need to strengthen surveillance of PR-CRKP strains to prevent epidemic transmission of PR-CRKP.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Fengliao Changweikang prescription in treatment of acute gastroenteritis / 中国中药杂志

This study systematically evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of Fengliao Changweikang prescription for treating acute gastroenteritis(AGE). The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, Medline, Cochrane Library and two clinical trial registration platforms were retrieved from inception to August 30, 2022, to collect randomized controlled trial(RCT) on Fengliao Changweikang prescription treating AGE. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4.1 was used for data analysis. Finally, 18 RCTs were included, involving 3 489 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional western medicine, Fengliao Changweikang prescription improved the relief rate of abdominal pain(RR=1.27, 95%CI[1.17, 1.38],P<0.000 01); Fengliao Changweikang prescription + conventional western medicine increased the cure rate(RR=1.43, 95%CI[1.12, 1.82], P=0.004), shortened the duration of diarrhoea(RR=-1.65, 95%CI[-2.44,-0.86], P<0.000 1), abdominal pain(RR=-1.46, 95%CI[-2.00,-0.92], P<0.000 01), vomiting(RR=-2.16, 95%CI[-2.51,-1.81], P<0.000 01) and fever(RR=-2.61, 95%CI[-4.00,-1.23], P=0.000 2), down-regulated the level of interleukin-8(IL-8)(RR=-1.07, 95%CI[-1.26,-0.88], P<0.000 01), IL-6(RR=-8.24, 95%CI[-8.99,-7.49], P<0.000 01) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)(RR=-3.04, 95%CI[-3.40,-2.69], P<0.000 01) and recurrence of AGE(RR=0.20, 95%CI[0.05, 0.90], P<0.04). In conclusion, Fengliao Changweikang prescription was safe in clinical application. It was beneficial to alleviate the clinical symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever, and down-regulate the levels of some serum inflammatory factors in AGE patients. However, considering that few high-quality studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of Fengliao Changweikang prescription in treatment of AGE, further evidence is needed in the future.

Three oral Chinese patent medicines for children with tic disorder: a rapid health technology assessment / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the clinical value of Shaoma Zhijing Granules(SZG), Changma Xifeng Tablets(CXT), and Jiuwei Xifeng Granules(JXG) in the treatment of children with tic disorder with the method of rapid health technology assessment(RHTA), which is expected to serve as a reference for medical and health decision-making and clinical rational use of drugs in children. To be specific, relevant articles were retrieved from eight databases and three clinical trial registry platforms. After the quality evaluation, rapid assessment was carried out from the dimensions of disease burden and unmet needs, technical characteristics, safety, efficacy and economy, and the results were analyzed and presented descriptively. A total of 22 articles(1 in English, 21 in Chinese) were screened out: 18 randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and 4 clinical controlled trials(CCTs). Among them, 5 were about the SZG(all RCTs) and 9 were on CXT(6 RCTs and 3 CCTs). The rest 8 focused on JXG(7 RCTs and 1 CCT). Moreover, the overall risk of bias for 94.40% RCTs was evaluated as "some concerns" and only one(5.60%) had high risk of bias. In terms of quality, the 4 CCTs scored 5-6 points(<7 points), suggesting low quality. SZG alone or in combination with tiapride has obvious advantages in improving traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and tic symptoms compared with tiapride alone, with the average daily cost of CNY 79.44-119.16. Compared with conventional western medicine or placebo, CXT alone or in combination with conventional western medicine can improve the total effective rate and alleviate tic symptoms, and the average daily cost is CNY 22.50-67.50. JXG alone or in combination with conventional western medicine can effectively relieve tic symptoms compared with conventio-nal western medicine or placebo, with the average daily cost of CNY 82.42-164.85. The adverse events related to the three Chinese patent medicines mainly occurred in the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems, all of which were mild. In general, SZG, CXT, and JXG are effective for children with tic disorder. They have been approved to be used in this field, of which SZG was approved in 2019, with the most up-to-date research evidence and high-quality RCT in Q1 journals. However, the comparative analysis of the three was affected by many factors, which should be further clarified. Based on the large sample data available in multiple dimensions, a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the three Chinese patent medicines should be carried out, thereby highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of them and serving a reference for rational clinical use and drug supervision.

Clinical Evidence of Chinese Patent Medicines in Treatment of Respiratory Diseases in Children： A Scoping Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThis study performed a scoping review to comprehensively analyze and report the information on the instructions of Chinese patent medicines and clinical research evidence for the treatment of respiratory diseases in children. MethodChinese patent medicines against respiratory diseases in children were obtained by searching the three major drug catalogues. The Chinese and English databases were searched for relevant literature，followed by data statistics and visualized analysis. ResultAfter screening and analysis，52 Chinese patent medicines were included，involving nine dosage forms. The main drugs were Scutellariae Radix，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Forsythiae Fructus，etc. The main functions included clearing heat and releasing exterior syndrome，and relieving cough and dissipating phlegm. The indications mainly included common cold with wind-heat syndrome and cough in children. Adverse drug reactions and contraindications were only specified in 19.23% （10/52） of Chinese patent medicines，and the rest only displayed "unclear". A total of 279 articles were included，including 277 articles from Chinese Core Periodicals and two articles from SCIE. In terms of research type，those articles included 253 randomized controlled trials （RCTs，with six dosage form/dose comparisons involved），11 retrospective analyses based on Hospital Information System （HIS） data，one case series，13 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses （with two network Meta-analyses involved），and one economic evaluation article. Among them，72.76% （203/279） of the articles were published in the Core Journals of Chinese Science and Technology. Only 33 Chinese patent medicines were involved，and Xiaoer Feire Kechuan Oral Liquid was the top 1 under investigation，accounting for 15.71% （44/280）. The indicated diseases were mainly infantile pneumonia，bronchitis，respiratory tract infection，cough，asthma，and other western medicine diseases. Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules and Xiaoer Dingchuan Oral Liquid were used off-label. The sample size was concentrated in 51-150 cases，accounting for 67.17% （178/265）. The interventions in the experimental group were mainly Chinese patent medicine + western medicine + basic treatment or Chinese patent medicine + western medicine. The main outcomes were the effective rate and the improvement of clinical symptoms. The adverse reactions were mainly gastrointestinal reactions，drug-induced skin symptoms，etc.，and two studies have shown that drug doses were associated with adverse reactions. ConclusionIn research years，the research on Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of respiratory diseases in children has advanced rapidly. However，there are still some problems that need to be resolved in the future，such as incomplete information on drug content in the instruction，concentrated drugs to be studied，limited indications，failure to highlight the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes，unstandardized research design，and an incomplete reflection of Chinese patent medicine.

Introduction to Health Research Priority Setting Methods and Application Recommendations of Methods in Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Health research priority setting， based on the existing disease burden or healthcare needs， screens out specific areas or topics with relatively high research priority by scientific and systematic methods， and optimizes the allocation of health resources by influencing healthcare decision-making， so as to alleviate the imbalance between regional or global health and development. Many developed countries have carried out related research and practical work on different scales， and the World Health Organization （WHO） attaches great importance to the transformation and application of relevant achievements in developing countries. As the largest developing country in the world， China's research in this field started relatively late， and only a small number of scholars have carried out part of the localization methodology research and practice according to the specific national conditions. However， health research priority setting has not yet attracted the attention of large-scale research institutions or government organizations in China. Although the priority setting is rarely mentioned in the research on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the research and decision-making on the diseases responding specifically to TCM can also be regarded as the practical work of exploring the priority of TCM. Policymakers have a sense of priority support in the "priority of TCM research"， but the decisions from the top design are mainly based on the consensus reached by high-level think tanks. There is a lack of extensive research， and moreover， the data of multiple stakeholders are not included. Therefore， it is urgent to introduce appropriate priority setting methods to solve the problem of transparency and scientificity in the decision-making process. Given the perspective of the specific implementation， the present study introduced three international priority setting methods， i.e.， the James Lind Alliance and Priority Setting Partnerships（JLAPSP，）the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative（CHNRI）， and the Council on Health Research and Development （COHRED）， and presented relevant recommendations on how to apply them in the research of TCM， which is expected to provide references for the local research.

Mechanisms of ginsenosides exert neuroprotective effects on spinal cord injury: A promising traditional Chinese medicine.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). It is mainly caused by trauma and reduces the quality of life of the affected individual. Ginsenosides are safe and effective traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and their efficacy against SCI is being increasingly researched in many countries, especially in China and Korea. This systematic review evaluated the neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides in SCI and elucidated their properties. Methods: All experimental information and summaries used in this review were acquired from peer-reviewed articles in the relevant fields. The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for relevant articles. Information on the manual classification and selection of ginsenosides that protect against SCI is included in this review. Results: A literature survey yielded studies reporting several properties of ginsenosides, including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress, and inhibition of glial scar formation. Conclusion: In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of different ginsenosides that exert neuroprotective effects in SCI. These results suggest that after further verification in the future, ginsenosides may be used as adjunctive therapy to promote neurological recovery.

Interaction between nanometer calcium oxalate and renal epithelial cells repaired with carboxymethylated polysaccharides.

OBJECTIVE: Injury of renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) is an important cause of kidney stone formation. In this article, the repairing effect of polysaccharide (PCP0) extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Poria cocos and its carboxymethylated derivatives on damaged HK-2 cells was studied, and the differences in adhesion and endocytosis of the cells to nanometer calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) before and after repair were explored. METHODS: Sodium oxalate (2.8 mmol/L) was used to damage HK-2 cells to establish a damage model, and then Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCPs) with different carboxyl (COOH) contents were used to repair the damaged cells. The changes in the biochemical indicators of the cells before and after the repair and the changes in the ability to adhere to and internalize nano-COM were detected. RESULTS: The natural PCPs (PCP0, COOH content = 2.56%) were carboxymethylated, and three carboxylated modified Poria cocos with 7.48% (PCP1), 12.07% (PCP2), and 17.18% (PCP3) COOH contents were obtained. PCPs could repair the damaged HK-2 cells, and the cell viability was enhanced after repair. The cell morphology was gradually repaired, the proliferation and healing rate were increased. The ROS production was reduced, and the polarity of the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored. The level of intracellular Ca2+ ions decreased, and the autophagy response was weakened. CONCLUSION: The cells repaired by PCPs inhibited the adhesion to nano-COM and simultaneously promoted the endocytosis of nano-COM. The endocytic crystals mainly accumulated in the lysosome. Inhibiting adhesion and increasing endocytosis could reduce the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of cell surface crystals, thereby inhibiting the formation of kidney stones. With the increase of COOH content in PCPs, its ability to repair damaged cells, inhibit crystal adhesion, and promote crystal endocytosis all increased, that is, PCP3 with the highest COOH content showed the best ability to inhibit stone formation.

Develop an ADR prediction system of Chinese herbal injections containing Panax notoginseng saponin: a nested case-control study using machine learning.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an adverse drug reactions (ADR) antecedent prediction system using machine learning algorithms to provide the reference for security usage of Chinese herbal injections containing Panax notoginseng saponin in clinical practice. DESIGN: A nested case-control study. SETTING: National Center for ADR Monitoring and the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. PARTICIPANTS: All patients were from five medical institutions in Sichuan Province from January 2010 to December 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES/MEASURES: Data of patients with ADR who used Chinese herbal injections containing Panax notoginseng saponin were collected from the National Center for ADR Monitoring. A nested case-control study was used to randomly match patients without ADR from the EMR system by the ratio of 1:4. Eighteen machine learning algorithms were applied for the development of ADR prediction models. Area under curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall rate and F1 value were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. An ADR prediction system was established by the best model selected from the 1080 models. RESULTS: A total of 530 patients from five medical institutions were included, and 1080 ADR prediction models were developed. Among these models, the AUC of the best capable one was 0.9141 and the accuracy was 0.8947. According to the best model, a prediction system, which can provide early identification of patients at risk for the ADR of Panax notoginseng saponin, has been established. CONCLUSION: The prediction system developed based on the machine learning model in this study had good predictive performance and potential clinical application.

Clinical research progress of motion style acupuncture / 国际中医中药杂志

Motion style acupuncture is generally used in combination with the movement therapy of affected parts in the process of needle acupuncture. In the process of acupuncture, the "movement" of the affected part can play a targeted guiding role in "spirit" and "Qi", It can lead the mind (spirit) and Qi to the place of disease, so as to achieve the realm of "treating spirit", "guiding Qi" and "keeping Qi", and eliminate diseases by activating the self-healing force of the human body. It is not only an important operation method of this acupuncture, but also the core idea and the key to take effect. In this acupuncture method, local acupoints or acupoints on the distal unaffected side are selected for acupuncture. The exercise methods include active and passive exercise. In the treatment of depression syndrome, hiccup, angina pectoris and other medical diseases, they often cooperate with respiratory exercise, as well as massage and self feeling. This acupuncture method is mostly used in the treatment of orthopedic and traumatological diseases, and can also treat facial paralysis, depression, anxiety, stroke and stroke sequelae, hiccup, angina pectoris and other medical diseases. It is less used in gynecology, or facial features. The treatment effect is better than simple acupuncture. It can also be combined with electroacupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine to improve the curative effect. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the relevant dominant diseases and explore the exercise methods more suitable for the relevant diseases. More attention should also be paid to the thinking of exercise inducing Qi and the concept of treating God contained in this acupuncture method.

Feasibility Analysis of EVIDEM Framework in Health Technology Assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） health technology assessment （HTA） provides scientific information and decision-making basis for decision-makers at all levels to choose TCM health technology reasonably. However， it is still in its infancy. In the future， it is necessary to strengthen top-level design， improve cognition and attention， enhance talent training and cooperation， and speed up the development of evaluation criteria in line with the characteristics of TCM， so as to promote the development of HTA in TCM. Therefore， it is imperative to create a method system and tools suitable for TCM HTA. Evidence and value impact on decisionmaking （EVIDEM） framework is developed by EVIDEM collaboration. It combines evidence and value to form a relatively complete decision-making framework system， which can provide methodological support for medical insurance reimbursement， clinical practice decision-making， drug selection and so on. The introduction of EVIDEM framework into the field of TCM has methodological feasibility and practical operability， but it is still necessary to further integrate and optimize the TCM characteristics. On the basis of theoretical research， pilot studies are carried out with Chinese patent medicine as the breakthrough point， forming a preliminary framework and implementation path for the research of TCM HTA， in order to promote healthcare decision-making and achievement transformation.

An Introduction of EVIDEM Framework and Its Application in Healthcare Decision Making / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Evidence and value：impact on DEcisionMaking （EVIDEM） framework was developed by EVIDEM collaboration. Its core is the combination of multiple criteria decision analysis （MCDA） model and standardized health technology assessment （HTA） report， which aims to evaluate the overall value of medical interventions. It has been tested and implemented in the real-world evaluation environments. After more than 10 years of development， EVIDEM framework has been updated to version 10， and the relevant operation manuals have been published. More than 40 countries have joined the collaboration and more than 20 countries have carried out relevant studies. The framework is constructed with patients， population and sustainability as the overall goals， combing the evidence and value， forming a relatively complete decision-making framework system composed of 2 levels， 7 dimensions and 20 criteria. The two levels include normative universal criteria and contextual criteria. The normative universal criteria， namely EVIDEM core model， is the quantitative evaluation， consisting of 5 dimensions and 13 criteria. Contextual criteria， namely contextual tools， are qualitative evaluation， consisting of 2 dimensions and 7 criteria. The specific operation steps of EVIDEM framework include selecting and constructing criteria， assigning weights， integrating and evaluating evidence， quantitative and qualitative evaluation of value， comprehensive value estimation and ranking based on value estimation. EVIDEM framework is applicable to disease diagnosis， treatment， management and other fields. Its application scope includes medical insurance reimbursement， clinical practice decision-making， drug selection and so on， which can provide a method for more systematic， transparent and scientific healthcare decision-making. At present， the framework has been introduced into the field of traditional Chinese medicine and can provide a scientific and feasible evaluation tool and methodology system for the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.

18[Formula: see text]-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Inhibits TGF-[Formula: see text]-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting STAT3.

18[Formula: see text]-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma. We previously demonstrated that GA inhibited tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of GA on transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text] (TGF-[Formula: see text]-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis were still unclear. In this study, in vitro transwell assays and immunofluorescence (IF) demonstrated that GA inhibited TGF-[Formula: see text]-induced migration, invasion and EMT of HCC cells. However, it had little effect on the inhibition of proliferation by TGF-[Formula: see text]. Moreover, we confirmed that GA suppressed the metastasis of HCC cells in vivousing an ectopic lung metastasis model. Furthermore, we found that GA inhibited TGF-[Formula: see text]-induced EMT mainly by reducing the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which played an essential role in TGF-[Formula: see text]-induced EMT and cell mobility. Mechanistically, GA inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 by increasing the expression of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases 1 and 2 (SHP1 and SHP2). Therefore, we concluded that GA inhibited TGF-[Formula: see text]-induced EMT and metastasis via the SHP1&SHP2/STAT3/Snail pathway. Our data provide an attractive therapeutic target for future multimodal management of HCC.

Biomarkers and Target Mechanisms of Epimedii Folium Intervention on Breast Cancer Stem Cells Based on Chip Analysis and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To elucidate the potential molecular markers and drug-compound-target mechanism of Epimedii Folium intervention on breast cancer stem cells（BCSCs） through chip analysis combined with network pharmacology and experimental validation. Method:Relevant drug information was retrieved in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） to obtain the active components and potential targets of Epimedii Folium. "Breast Cancer Stem Cells" were searched in Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）database，and GSE98239 chip data were obtained through analysis and screening. Then GEO2R online analysis tool was used to obtain the differential genes to draw differential gene heat map and volcano map. The differential gene network map of Epimedii Folium intervention for breast cancer stem cells was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0，and Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）enrichment analysis of drug and disease genes were performed. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into 20%，40%，60% Epimedii Folium drug-containing serum group and control group. Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8），and Western blot were used to detect the effect of Epimedii Folium drug-containing serum intervention on cell activity and target protein expression in breast cancer cells. Result:Twenty-three active components including flavones，sterols，alkaloids and sesquiterpenoids were obtained from Epimedii Folium. It was found that Epimedii Folium interacted with B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1（BCL2L1），matrix metallopeptidase 2（MMP2），prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2），vascular endothelial growth factor A（VEGFA），transforming growth factor beta receptor 1（TGFBR1） and other pivotal genes in breast cancer stem cells，participated in the induction of new angiogenesis and cell migration，enabled the continuous self-renewal of BCSCs，decreased apoptosis and cell migration，thus promoting the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. KEGG results showed that Epimedii Folium intervened in multiple differential expressed genes（DEGs）of transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>（TGF-<italic>β</italic>），vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），phosphoinositide 3kinase/protein kenase B（PI3K/Akt），mitogen-activated protein kinese（MAPK）and mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR）subpathways in cancer signaling pathways to exert its efficacy in intervening breast cancer stem cells. Experiments showed that the survival rate of breast cancer cells was significantly reduced and the expression levels of TGFBR1 and Smad2 in breast cancer cells significantly decreased after the intervention of Epimedii Folium drug-containing serum（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Several components in different concentrations of drug-containing serum of Epimedii Folium can synergistically act on target differentially expressed genes of breast cancer stem cells，and inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells by down-regulating the expression levels of TGFBR1，a key molecule in the TGF-<italic>β</italic> pathway，and Smad2，a downstream signal.

[Study on characteristics and data mining of 464 cases of lung diseases in Xin'an Wang's medicine].

The purpose of this paper is to study the use rules of drugs for lung diseases in internal medicine department of Xin'an Wang's family, discuss the compatibility of common drugs for lung diseases, guide clinical application, and inherit Xin'an medicine. By retrospective study on lung diseases cases in Wang's internal medicine works, the lung diseases and use frequency of common drugs treated by Wang's medicine were counted, and the systematic clustering and association rule analysis of common drugs were conducted by using SPSS Statistic 20 and SPSS Modeler 18.0, respectively. The results showed that asthma, cold and cough were the main lung diseases treated by Wang's medicine, and the commonly used medicines included antitussive and antiasthmatic drugs, spleen-invigorating and dampness-removing drugs, and expectorants. The medicine taste was mainly bitter, pungent and sweet, with cold and warm properties in a balanced way, without severely cold or hot herbs, mainly attributing to the lung and stomach meridians. In clustering analysis, 10 drug combinations were obtained; association analysis showed that two, three, four association rules respectively had 11, 21, and 10 groups, and each drug group had 11, 16, and 5 items. Core combinations: Poria, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Asteris Radix et Rhizome, Coicis Semen, Farfarae Flos, Dendrobii Caulis, Perilla Frutescens, Stemonae Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizome et Radix, Meretricis Concha Cyclinae Concha, Belamcandae Rhizoma, and Pinelliae Rhizome. Xin'an Wang's medicine paid attention to the lung nature when treating lung diseases. Lung is a delicate organ, not resistant to coldness or heat, so severely cold or hot herbs shall not be used, and the clear and light drugs with functions of dispersing lung Qi, clearing phlegm evil, strengthening spleen, eliminating phlegm, and relieving cough and asthma are often used. Lung deficiency is a kind of deficiency of Qi and Yin, so both Qi and Yin shall be regulated. Deficiency of Yin would burn the lung and make the lung collaterals blocked. In this case, the lung collaterals shall be dredged for hemostasis. Long time of lung deficiency would hinder the distribution of body fluid, and lung shall be regulated to dissipate phlegm.

Pericarp and seed of litchi and longan fruits: constituent, extraction, bioactive activity, and potential utilization.

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide. The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as popular herbs in the treatment of neural pain, swelling, and cardiovascular disease. The pericarp and seed portions as the by-products of litchi and longan fruits are estimated to be approximately 30% of the dry weight of the whole fruit and are rich in bioactive constituents. In the recent years, many biological activities, such as tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-glycated, and anti-cancer activities, as well as memory-increasing effects, have been reported for the litchi and longan pericarp and seed extracts, indicating a potentially significant contribution to human health. With the increasing production of litchi and longan fruits, enhanced utilization of the two fruit by-products for their inherent bioactive constituents in relation to pharmacological effects is urgently needed. This paper reviews the current advances in the extraction, processing, identification, and biological and pharmacological activities of constituents from litchi and longan by-products. Potential utilization of litchi and longan pericarps and seeds in relation to further research is also discussed.

Pericarp and seed of litchi and longan fruits: constituent, extraction, bioactive activity, and potential utilization / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide. The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as popular herbs in the treatment of neural pain, swelling, and cardiovascular disease. The pericarp and seed portions as the by-products of litchi and longan fruits are estimated to be approximately 30% of the dry weight of the whole fruit and are rich in bioactive constituents. In the recent years, many biological activities, such as tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-glycated, and anti-cancer activities, as well as memory-increasing effects, have been reported for the litchi and longan pericarp and seed extracts, indicating a potentially significant contribution to human health. With the increasing production of litchi and longan fruits, enhanced utilization of the two fruit by-products for their inherent bioactive constituents in relation to pharmacological effects is urgently needed. This paper reviews the current advances in the extraction, processing, identification, and biological and pharmacological activities of constituents from litchi and longan by-products. Potential utilization of litchi and longan pericarps and seeds in relation to further research is also discussed.

Study on mechanism of Xixian Tongshuan Capsules based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

Xixian Tongshuan Capsules with functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,dispelling wind and resolving phlegm,relaxing muscles and activating collaterals,restoring consciousness and inducing resuscitation,has significant effects on main and concurrently symptoms of apoplexy. In this research,908 chemical compounds of Xixian Tongshuan Capsules were collected,and 337 potential targets were discovered by pharmacophore based reverse target identification. Protein interaction network( PIN)was then constructed and Identifying Protein Complex Algorithm( IPCA) was used to obtain the modules of the capsule and analyze the potential action mechanism. According to the research,Xixian Tongshuan Capsules could play a therapeutic role for hyperlipidemia and hypertension by regulating lipid metabolic process and blood pressure,the most direct risk factors of apoplexy. It could be used to treat the cerebral thrombosis and irreversible death of nerve tissue caused by insufficient supply of cerebral tissue blood and oxygen,in a way of regulating blood circulation system and nervous system. Xixian Tongshuan Capsules could also treat stroke-induced inflammation and inflammatory immune response through its regulatory effect on inflammatory immune response. Based on the network analysis,the antiinflammatory activity of Xixian Tongshuan Capsules extracts was investigated by measuring the NO release with Griess reagent method through LPS-induced in vitro inflammation model of RAW264. 7 cells. The results showed that Xixian Tongshuan Capsules extracts inhibited the secretion of NO by LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells,indicating favorable anti-inflammatory activity. This research illuminates the mechanism of Xixian Tongshuan Capsules based on the PIN analysis at molecular network level,providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.

Study on mechanism for treating ischemic stroke of Siegesbeckiae Herba based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

Xixiancao( Siegesbeckiae Herba) has the effect of treating ischemic stroke( IS),however,the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study,combined with Lipinski's five principles and Veber oral bioavailability rules,68 chemical components of Xixiancao were obtained by database and literature search. Based on the reverse targeting,248 potential targets were obtained and mapped it to the ischemic stroke target set,47 potential targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke were obtained. Molecular docking technique was used to verify that the Xixiancao component has good binding activity to potential targets. GO enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed on potential targets using Clue GO. GO enrichment analysis showed that Xixiancao was mainly involved in life processes such as neuronal apoptosis,cholesterol storage and blood pressure regulation. Pathway analysis showed that Xixiancao may promote vascular repairing and regeneration by regulating the expression of ADAMTS1,FLT1 and KDR in VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway,activate cell survival signals and inhibit neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of CAMK2 AA,MDM2,MAPK1,MAPK3,CDK5 and MAPK10 in brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway and PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway. Lipid homeostasis and inflammation may also be regulated by Xixiancao through regulating the expression of ESR1,NR1 H3,PPARA,PPARG in the nuclear receptor signaling pathway. In addition,Xixiancao could also prevent platelet aggregation by regulating the expression of ITGA2 B,F2,F10,and ALB,and play an antithrombotic role. The results of this study indicate that Xixiancao plays an important role in the treatment of ischemic stroke mainly through anti-thrombosis,promoting angiogenesis,protecting neurons,anti-inflammatory and regulating blood pressure and lipids.