RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) to an indwelling urinary catheter is defined as a painful urethral discomfort, resistant to conventional opioid therapy, decreasing the quality of postoperative recovery. According to anatomy, the branches of sacral somatic nerves form the afferent nerves of the urethra and bladder triangle, which deriving from the ventral rami of the second to fourth sacral spinal nerves, innervating the urethral muscles and sphincter of the perineum and pelvic floor; as well as providing sensation to the penis and clitoris in males and females, which including the urethra and bladder triangle. Based on this theoretical knowledge, we formed a hypothesis that CRBD could be prevented by pudendal nerve block. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if bilateral nerve stimulator-guided pudendal nerve block could relieve CRBD through urethra discomfort alleviation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-center randomized parallel controlled, double blind trial conducted at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and eighty 2 male adult patients under general anesthesia undergoing elective trans-urethral resection of prostate (TURP) or trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Around 4 out of 182 were excluded, 178 patients were randomly allocated into pudendal and control groups, using computer-generated randomized numbers in a sealed envelope method. A total of 175 patients completed the study. INTERVENTION: Pudendal group received general anesthesia along with nerve-stimulator-guided bilateral pudendal nerve block and control group received general anesthesia only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and severity of CRBD; and postoperative VAS score of pain. RESULTS: CRBD incidences were significantly lower in pudendal group at 30âminutes (63% vs 82%, Pâ=â.004), 2âhours (64% vs 90%, Pâ<â.000), 8âhours (58% vs 79%, Pâ=â.003) and 12âhours (52% vs 69%, Pâ=â.028) also significantly lower incidence of moderate to severe CRBD in pudendal group at 30âminutes (29% vs 57%, Pâ<â.001), 2âhours (22% vs 55%, Pâ<â.000), 8âhours (8% vs 27%, Pâ=â.001) and 12âhours (6% vs 16%, Pâ=â.035) postoperatively. The postoperative pain score in pudendal group was lower at 30âminutes (Pâ=â.003), 2âhours (Pâ<â.001), 8âhours (Pâ<â.001), and 12âhours (Pâ<â.001), with lower heart rate and mean blood pressure. One patient complained about weakness in levator ani muscle. CONCLUSION: General anesthesia along with bilateral pudendal nerve block decreased the incidence and severity of CRBD for the first 12âhours postoperatively.
Asunto(s)
Catéteres de Permanencia/efectos adversos , Bloqueo Nervioso/métodos , Nervio Pudendo , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Catéteres Urinarios/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestesia General , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objective To explore the effects of experiential teaching mode in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods One hundred students were randomly divided into trial group and control group, 50 students in each group. Trial group used the experiential teaching mode, while students in the control group were taught with traditional teaching mode. Results The degree of interest in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine, communication with the children and the parents of the patients, and examination results in the trial group were superior to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of experiential teaching mode in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine are satisfied, and worth popularizing in teaching.