Properties of new exotic traditional Chinese medicinal Vernonia amygdalina leaves:a literature research / 中国中药杂志

The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Delile of the family Asteraceae(also known as "bitter leaf"), rich in biological activities, are used as both medicine and food for a long time in West tropical Africa. They have been introduced into Southeast Asia and Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China in recent years. However, little is known about the properties of the plant in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which limits its combination with other Chinese medicinal herbs. In this study, 473 articles on V. amygdalina leaves were selected from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP to summarize their components, pharmacological effects and clinical research. V. amygdalina leaves presented anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological effects. On the basis of the theory of TCM properties, the leaves were inferred to be cold in property and bitter and sweet in flavor, acting on spleen, liver, stomach and large intestine and with the functions of clearing heat, drying dampness, purging fire, removing toxin, killing insects and preventing attack of malaria. They can be used to treat dampness-heat diarrhea, interior heat and diabetes, malaria, insect accumulation and eczema(5-10 g dry leaves by decoction per day and an appropriate amount of crushed fresh leaves applying to the affected area for external use). Due to the lack of TCM properties, V. amygdalina leaves are rarely used medicinally in China. The determination of medicinal properties of the leaves is conducive to the introduction of new exotic medicinal herbs and the development of new TCM resources, which facilitated further clinical application and research and development of Chinese medicinal herbs.

Iodine nutritional status and intelligence level of children in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province after 9 years of iodine supplemention / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To follow up the iodine nutrition and intellectual development of school children aged 8-10 years old in Nangqian County of Qinghai Province after 9 years of the implementation of iodine deficiency disorders intervention measures with iodine supplement as the main measure.Methods:In order to improve the iodine nutritional status of the population in Nangqian County, free iodized salt distribution, health education and other intervention measures for iodine deficiency disorders were implemented for 9 consecutive years since 2013. In May 2012 (before iodine supplementation) and September 2021 (after iodine supplementation), the same 5 townships (towns) were selected, and children aged 8-10 years old (half male and half female, age balanced) born locally in the central primary school of each township (town) were selected as the survey subjects. Household edible salt samples and random urine samples were collected for salt iodine and urinary iodine detection; the second revised version of the Chinese Combined Raven's Test (rural version) was used to assess the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children. The Flynn effect (FE) gain was used to adjust IQ, the corrected IQ = (IQ starting point value - current year's IQ value) - FE gain (calculated by 0.74/year). The differences of salt iodine and urinary iodine related indexes, IQ value and corrected IQ were compared before and after iodine supplementation.Results:After iodine supplementation, the coverage rate of iodized salt reached 100.00% (300/300), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt reached95.00% (285/300), the median urinary iodine increased to 157.20 μg/L, and all indexes met the elimination standard of iodine deficiency disorders. The IQ value of children aged 8-10 years old after iodine supplementation was 99.00 ± 14.90, significantly higher than that before iodine supplementation (82.00 ± 13.20, F = 156.82, P < 0.001). The FE gain in 9 years was 6.66, and the actual IQ gain of children aged 8-10 years old after iodine supplementation was 10.34. There were statistically significant differences in IQ value before and after iodine supplementation in male and female children ( F = 78.84, 78.88, P < 0.001). After iodine supplementation, there was a statistically significant difference in IQ value between children in the 8-year-old group and the 10-year-old group ( P = 0.010). There were statistically significant differences in IQ value before and after iodine supplementation in 8, 9 and 10 years old groups ( F = 55.23, 65.79, 36.85, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Intervention measures for iodine deficiency disorders, mainly iodine supplement, can significantly improve the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8-10 years old, and significantly promote the intellectual development of children.

Iodine content in drinking water and drawing of water iodine distribution map in Qinghai Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To understand the water iodine content in Qinghai Province and draw a distribution map of water iodine, so as to provide a basis for scientific supplementation of iodine and continuous elimination of iodine deficiency hazards.Methods:In 2017, in all counties (cities, districts) in Qinghai Province, with townships (towns, streets, referred to as townships) as the unit, the residents' drinking water samples were collected, water iodine content was tested, the median water iodine was calculated, and the water iodine distribution map of Qinghai Province was drew.Results:Totally 1 836 drinking water samples were collected in 392 townships, the median water iodine was 1.7 μg/L. Townships that had the median water iodine < 5 μg/L, in the range of 5 to 10 μg/L and > 10 μg/L accounted for 80.6% (316/392), 17.1% (67/392) and 2.3% (9/392), respectively. Among all townships, the highest of the median water iodine was 24.8 μg/L. Based on the results, water iodine distribution map of Qinghai Province, water iodine distribution map of Xining City and water iodine distribution map of Haidong City were compiled.Conclusions:Iodine deficiency is widespread throughout natural environment in Qinghai Province. Hence, salt iodization measures to prevent iodine deficiency disorders should be implemented continuously. According to the water iodine distribution map, the people should be guided to supplement iodine scientifically.

Investigation on dietary iodine intake of people in different areas of Qinghai Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the dietary iodine intake of people in different areas of Qinghai Province, and to provide the basis for scientific iodine supplementation and continuous elimination of iodine deficiency hazards.Methods:From 2018 to 2019, according to administrative division, natural geographical regions, population distribution and economic development level of Qinghai Province, a total of 14 survey sites were selected. One village was selected from each survey site, and 20 households were selected from each village, the salt samples and 24 h urine samples of all family members were collected to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine. One drinking water sample was collected at the five directions of east, west, south, north and middle of each village to detect water iodine. Salt iodine was detected by direct titration, urinary iodine and water iodine were detected by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. At the same time, the 3-day weighing method was used to investigate the diet, the daily dietary iodine intake per capita (the result was expressed as average) and the proportion of dietary iodine in urinary iodine were calculated, the daily dietary iodine intake per capita of different production modes (agricultural region and pastoral region), different geographical environment (Hehuang Valley, Qaidam Basin, Qilian Mountain and Qingnan Plateau), different nationalities (Han, Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian, Tu, Salar) and different economic levels (< 8 000, 8 000 -, 10 000 -, ≥12 000 Yuan) were compared.Results:A total of 999 people from 280 families were surveyed, including 511 males and 488 females. The median water iodine of each survey site was less than 10 μg/L, all of which were environmentally iodine-deficient areas. A total of 280 salt samples were collected, the median salt iodine was 26.0 mg/kg, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 100% (280/280). A total of 999 urine samples were tested, and the median urinary iodine of people was 192.5 μg/L, which was at an appropriate level of iodine. There was no statistically significant difference ( t =-1.599, P > 0.05) in the daily dietary iodine intake per capita (28.53, 33.44 μg) of people in agricultural region ( n = 643) and pastoral region ( n = 356). The daily dietary iodine intake per capita (25.38, 33.30, 32.98, 34.79 μg) of people in Hehuang Valley ( n = 448), Qaidam Basin ( n = 125), Qilian Mountain ( n = 157), and Qingnan Plateau ( n = 269) were compared, the difference was statistically significant ( F = 2.883, P < 0.05); among them, the daily dietary iodine intake per capita in Hehuang Valley was lower than that in Qingnan Plateau ( P < 0.05). The daily dietary iodine intake per capita of different nationalities were compared, the difference was statistically significant ( F = 3.647, P < 0.05), Salar ( n = 68) and Tibetan ( n = 239) were higher (37.21 and 32.21 μg). The daily dietary iodine intake per capita (38.97, 17.01, 30.86, 33.14 μg) of annual per capita disposable income < 8 000 ( n = 194), 8 000-( n = 221), 10 000-( n = 302), ≥12 000 Yuan ( n = 282) were compared, the difference was statistically significant ( F = 9.407, P < 0.05). The proportions of dietary iodine in urinary iodine of various population ranged from 5.35% to 15.54%. Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of people in Qinghai Province is suitable, the dietary iodine intake of people is closely related to geographical environment, nationality and economic level. But the proportion of dietary iodine in urinary iodine is relatively low, the consumption of iodized salt is still the main way for people to intake iodine, and it is also the main measure to continuously eliminate the harm of iodine deficiency in Qinghai Province.

Comparative study on hepatic toxicity of gardeniae fructus and Huanglian Jiedu decoction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of ingredients in Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDT) combined with Gardeniae Fructus on the hepatic toxicity of Gardeniae Fructus and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were given Gardeniae Fructus and HLJDT decoction at the dose of 10 times of clinical dosage for 3 days. Their ALT AST, ALP, TBA were detected, and their liver weight index was calculated. SOD activity, MDA content, GSH-PX activity, TNF-alpha content in hepatic tissues were determined. The cell apoptosis in liver tissue was determined by TUNEL, and the expressions of apoptosis related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 were measured by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal control group, the Gardeniae Fructus group showed significant increase in the liver weight index, ALT, AST, TBA and ALP, notable decrease in SOD, SOD/MDA and GSH-PX, and remarkable rise in MDA, TNF-a concentration, accumulated optical density, apoptosis index, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2. Compare with that in the Gardeniae Fructus group, the liver index, ALT, AST, TBA, ALP reduced obviously; SOD, SOD/MDA and GSH-PX markedly increased; MDA and TNF-alpha significantly reduced; the accumulated optical density and apoptosis index significantly reduced; and Bax/Bcl-2 was much lower in HLJDT group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hepatic toxicity caused by Gardeniae Fructus may be related to inflammation, oxidative stress-induced hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. Other ingredients in HLJDT, apart from Gardeniae Fructus, can decrease the hepatic toxicity caused by Gardeniae Fructus by increasing the enzyme activity eliminating radicals and inhibiting hepatocyte injury caused by inflammatory reaction against Gardeniae Fructus.</p>

Influence of Tinglizi on collagen volume fraction and perivascular collagen area in left ventricle tissue of cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence of Tinglizi on collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular collagen volume area (PVCA ) in left ventricle tissue of cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ventricular remodeling was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AAB) in rats. After 30 day treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); heart rate (HR) were measured. The histological assay consisted of the HE stain for determining the myo-cardium cell cross section and collagen stain (Van Gieson' method) for determining collagen content, including collagen volume fracton (CVF) and perivascular collagen volume area (PVCA).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The experimental data demonstrated that Tinglizi decreased SBP, DBP, HR and could significantly reduce the total collagen content (CVF, PVCA) and lessen the myocardium cell cross section (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tinglizi may decrease the total collagen content of ventricle and attenuate the ventricular remodeling induced by abdominal aortic banding.</p>

Experimental research of Shuanghuang Shengbai granule on hematopoietic cells of leucopenia model mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the leukogenic function of Shuanghuang Shengbai (SHSB) granule and the related mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mouse leukopenic models were induced by radiation. Mice were divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group-Li kejun tablet group and three different dose (high, middle, low-dose) groups of SHSB granule. The peripheral hemogram, thymus index (TI), spleen index (SI), bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) and colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) were evaluated. The proliferation of bone marrow cells was determined. The in vitro cultured colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) was estimated. The index of CD34+ cell in BMNC were determined by flow cytometry. The ultra-micro structure of bone marrow were observed by electromicroscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1)SHSB rranule could increase the WBC of model mice; (2)SHSB granule could increase BMNC and promote the proliferation of bone marrow cell; (3)SHSB granule could increase CFU-S, CFU-GM and CD34+ cell index in BMNC of model mice significantly; (4)SHSB Granule could also protect the bone marrow hemotopoietic microenvironment from the harm of radiation; (5)SHSB granule could increase the SI of model mice, indicating the enhancement of immunological function.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SHSB granule has apparent leukogenic function. The mechanism may be related to enhancing the proliferation of hematopoietic cells and protecting the bone marrow hemotopoietic microenvironment.</p>

Effect of Shuanghuang Shengbai granule on radiotherapy or chemotherapy induced leukopenia in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Shuanghuang Shengbai granule on mice leukopenia induced by ip cyclophosphamide (CTX) or radiation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mice leukopenia models were induced by ip CTX or radiation, and then treated with Shuanghuang Shengbai granule per oral. The peripheral hemogram, thymus index, spleen index, bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) and colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) were detected. The bone marrow cell differentiation was examined. The pathological slices of bone marrow were observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Shuanghuang Shengbai granule could increase the WBC, BMNC, CFU-S of model mice significantly; Shuanghuang Shengbai granule could make the granulocyte and erythrocyte index recovered to normal level and it could also protect the bone marrow hemotopoietic microenvironment from the harm of radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shuanghuang Shengbai granule has apparent leukogenic function.</p>

The bioactivity of angiotensin II and the effects of related Chinese Herbs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the bioactivity of angiotensin II and the effects of Chinese herbs on it.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The correlative documents published in recent years were summarized.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Angiotensin II plays an important role in the development of many diseases, such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, myocardial lesion due to ischemia and reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, dysfunction of fibrinolytic system, thrombosis, renal failure etc. Some Chinese herbs inhibit the actions of angiotensin II.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Further researches must be done to investigate the bioactivity of angiotensin II and the effects of Chinese herbs on preventing the body tissue from being impaired by it.</p>

Component changes of calcium and phosphorus in osteogenesis by lengthening procedures in adult canines / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore chemical component changes of dog bone at different lengthening time and in different bone regions of interest, and to evaluate the mineralization during Ilizarov lengthening process.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ash weight, the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and the calcium/phosphorus ratio were measured at different intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks) since lengthening and the lengthened part was compared with a control area at each interval.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ash weight, the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the lengthened area differed at all development time. The calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in the lengthened region remained significantly lower than that in the control region up to 12 weeks after the lengthening.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results suggest that also other inorganic ions play an important role in the mineralization process and that they become relatively more important since 8 weeks after the lengthening.</p>

Effect of components of dang-gui-bu-xue decoction on hematopenia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects and the related mechanisms of the components of Dang-Gui-Bu-Xue decoction (DGBXD) on improving blood deficiency.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effects of promoting hematopoietic function were observed with the blood difficient model mice, by giving components of DGBXD. RBC, WBC, reticulocytes and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) were determined. The components of DGBXD on proliferation of BMNC and on clony forming unit (CFU) were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The components of DGBXD remarkably increased the quantity of RBC, WBC, and BMNC. Some of the components promoted the proliferation of BMNC and increased the quantity of CFU-Mix. Among them, polysaccharide of angelica was most potent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The studies show that the extracts and some components of DGBXD can promote the hemopoietic function system of the model mice, and they exert the effects in a comprehensive way.</p>