RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to clarify the time-course of olfactory recovery and the prognostic factors in PIOD patients treated with Toki-shakuyaku-san (TSS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients with PIOD was conducted by reviewing patients' medical records. This study included patients who received TSS or a combination of TSS and zinc sulfate. Olfactory function was examined by T&T olfactometer at each 3-monthly follow-up visit. Patients with normal and mild olfactory dysfunction were excluded. Gender, age, treatment, duration of disease until the first visit and olfactory function scores of the T&T olfactometer at the first visit were analyzed as candidate clinical predictors of recovery. RESULTS: A total of 82 PIOD patients with ages ranging from 16 to 79 years were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 14.5 months (range 3-45 months). The number of patients with olfactory recovery increased for 24 months and the cumulative recovery rate was 77.3%. In about 60% of patients, olfactory recovery occurred within 6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (<65 years) and residual olfactory function were significantly associated with good olfactory recovery. CONCLUSIONS: We revealed recovery rates over time in patients with PIOD. The recovery of olfactory function often occurred during the early period (≤6 months). However, the number of patients with olfactory recovery increased for a long-term of 24 months after the first visit. Residual olfactory function and younger age were prognostic factors exactly. TSS may be a useful therapeutic agent for patients with PIOD. We believe that these results provide important information that is useful for counseling patients with PIOD.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Olfato/tratamiento farmacológico , Recuperación de la Función , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Sulfato de Zinc/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/fisiopatología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Japanese cedar (JCe) pollinosis was expected to be effective for Japanese cypress (JCy) pollinosis. However, only a half of JCy pollinosis patients clinically improved. Therefore, we examined the immunological effect of SLIT for JCy pollinosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with JCe and JCy pollinosis who did and did not receive SLIT were incubated with Cry j 1, Cha o 1 and Cha o 3 antigens. Basophil activation test (BAT) were performed. Production of IL-5 and IL-17 induced by antigens was inhibited in the SLIT group. Cry j 1-specific production of IL-10 was increased, and serum Cry j 1-specific IgE and -IgG4 were elevated. However, Cha o 1- or Cha o 3-specific production of IL-10 and specific IgG4 was not increased. Antigens-specific BAT did not decrease after SLIT. New SLIT with JCe and JCy is needed for patients with combined JCe and JCy pollinosis.
Asunto(s)
Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/terapia , Inmunoterapia Sublingual/métodos , Adulto , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Prueba de Desgranulación de los Basófilos , Células Cultivadas , Chamaecyparis/inmunología , Cryptomeria/inmunología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Extractos Vegetales/inmunología , Proteínas de Plantas/inmunología , Polen/inmunología , Estudios Prospectivos , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Antígenos de Plantas/efectos adversos , Cryptomeria/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Lípido A/farmacología , Lípido A/uso terapéutico , Proteínas de Plantas/efectos adversos , Polen/efectos adversos , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/etiología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/terapia , Receptor Toll-Like 4/agonistas , Animales , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Cryptomeria/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas de Plantas/inmunología , Polen/inmunología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We identified a DMT (divalent metal transporter) homologous protein that functions as a Ca(2+) transporter. Scallop DMT cDNA encodes a 539-amino-acid protein with 12 putative membrane-spanning domains and has a consensus transport motif in the fourth extracellular loop. Since its mRNA is significantly expressed in the gill and intestine, it is assumed that scallop DMT transports Ca(2+) from seawater by the gill and from food by the intestine. Scallop DMT lacks the iron-responsive element commonly found in iron-regulatory proteins, suggesting that it is free of the post-transcriptional regulation from intracellular Fe(2+) concentration. Scallop DMT distinctly functions as a Ca(2+) transporter unlike other DMTs, however, it also transports Fe(2+) and Cd(2+) similar to them.