[Effects of Biochar Application Two Years Later on N2O and CH4 Emissions from RiceVegetable Rotation in a Tropical Region of China].

The effects of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide （N2O） and methane （CH4） emissions in a typical rice-vegetable rotation system in Hainan after two years were investigated. The aim was to clarify the long-term effects of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions under this model， and it provided a theoretical basis for N2O and CH4 emission reduction in rice-vegetable rotation systems in tropical regions of China. Four treatments were set up in the field experiment， including no nitrogen fertilizer control （CK）； nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer （CON）； nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer combined with 20 t·hm-2 biochar （B1）； and nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizer combined with 40 t·hm-2 biochar （B2）. The results showed that： ① compared with that in the CON treatment， the B1 and B2 treatments significantly reduced N2O emissions by 32% and 54% in the early rice season （P < 0.05， the same below）， but the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased N2O emissions by 31% and 81% in the late rice season. The cumulative emissions of N2O in the pepper season were significantly higher than those in the early and late rice seasons， and the B1 treatment significantly reduced N2O emissions by 35%. There was no significant difference between the B2 and CON treatments. ② Compared with that in the CON treatment， B1 and B2 significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 63% and 65% in the early rice season， and the B2 treatment significantly increased CH4 emissions by 41% in the late rice season. There was no significant difference between the B1 and CON treatments. There was no significant difference in cumulative CH4 emissions between treatments in the pepper season. ③ The late rice season contributed to the main global warming potential （GWP） of the rice-vegetable rotation system， and CH4 emissions determined the magnitude of GWP and greenhouse gas emission intensity （GHGI）. After two years of biochar application， B1 reduced the GHGI of the whole rice-vegetable rotation system， and B2 increased the GHGI and reached a significant level. However， the B1 and B2 treatments significantly reduced GHGI in the early rice season and pepper season， and only the B2 treatment increased GHGI in the late rice season. ④ Compared with that in the CON treatment， the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased the yield of early rice by 33% and 51%， and the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased the yield of pepper season by 53% and 81%. In the late rice season， there was no significant difference in yield except for in the CK treatment without nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions in the tropical rice-vegetable rotation system was mainly determined by CH4 emissions in the late rice season. After two years of biochar application， only low biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer had a significant emission reduction effect， but high and low biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the yield of early rice and pepper crops continuously.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of 11 major bioactive components between two dosage forms of Qixue Shuangbu Prescription in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Although Qixue Shuangbu Prescription (QSP) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription for treating chronic heart failure. Low bioavailability due to the insolubility and poor biofilm permeability of the main bioactive ingredients of QSP is still a key factor limiting its efficacy. In this study, a novel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system was proposed to effectively improve the bioavailability of QSP. The qualified ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodology was established to investigate the pharmacokinetics characteristics of the QSP self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. Our results showed that 11 components in the self-microemulsifying drug delivery system group had prolonged T1/2 and MRT0-t values compared with QSP extract. The Cmax of calycosin-7-glucoside (CG), vanillic acid and paeoniflorin increased 2.5 times, 2.4 times and 2.3 times, respectively. The relative bioavailability values of CG, paeoniflorin and ononin were most significantly affected, increasing by 383.2%, 336.5% and 307.1%, respectively. This study promoted the development of new dosage forms of QSP and provided a useful reference for improving dosage forms to solve the problem of low bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicine.

Exploration in the Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg5 for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

OBJECTIVE: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy originating from mesenchymal tissue characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis. Ginsenoside Rg5 (G-Rg5) is a minor ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer which has been discovered to possess anti-tumor properties. The objective of current study was to explore the mechanism of G-Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarcoma by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. METHODS: Pharmmapper, SwissTargetPrediction and similarity ensemble approach databases were used to obtain the pharmacological targets of G-Rg5. Related genes of osteosarcoma were searched for in the GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The targets of G-Rg5 and the related genes of osteosarcoma were intersected to obtain the potential target genes of G-Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarccoma. The STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 software were used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. AutoDock vina software was used to perform molecular docking between G-Rg5 and hub targets. The hub genes were imported into the Kaplan-Meier Plotter online database for survival analysis. RESULTS: A total of 61 overlapping targets were obtained. The related signaling pathways mainly included PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer, Lipid and atherosclerosis and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. Six hub targets including PIK3CA, SRC, TP53, MAPK1, EGFR, and VEGFA were obtained through PPI network and targets-pathways network analyses. The results of molecular docking showed that the binding energies were all less than -7 kcal/mol. And the results of survival analysis showed TP53 and VEGFA affect the prognosis of sarcoma patients. CONCLUSION: This study explored the possible mechanism of G-Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarcoma using network pharmacology method, suggesting that G-Rg5 has the characteristics of multi-targets and multi-pathways in the treatment of osteosarcoma, which lays a foundation for the follow-up experimental and clinical researches on the therapeutic effects of G-Rg5 on osteosarcoma.

Design of biodegradable polyurethanes and post-modification with long alkyl chains via inhibiting biofilm formation and killing drug-resistant bacteria for the treatment of wound bacterial infection.

The development of cationic polymers that simulate antimicrobial peptides to treat bacterial infections has received much research interest. In order to obtain polymers that can not only eradicate bacteria but also inhibit biofilm formation, without inducing bacterial drug resistance, a series of cationic polymers have been developed. Despite recent progress, the chemical structures of these polymers are stable, making them recalcitrant to biodegradation and metabolism within organisms, potentially inducing long-term toxicity. To overcome this limitation, herein, a novel strategy of designing biodegradable polyurethanes with tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts via condensation polymerization and post-functionalizing them is reported. These polymers were found to exhibit potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, effectively prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, act quickly and effectively against bacteria and display no resistance after repeated use. In addition, the potent in vivo antibacterial effects of these antimicrobial polyurethanes in a mouse model with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infection are demonstrated.

Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota supplementation on clinical responses and gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor issues and a range of non-motor symptoms. Microbial therapy may be a useful approach for the treatment of PD. However, comprehensive analyses of the impact of probiotic supplementation on motor and non-motor symptoms are still lacking and the mechanisms whereby the treatment works remain unclear. This study investigated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) supplementation on clinical responses, gut microbiota and faecal metabolites in PD patients. Patients (n = 128) were randomised to receive either probiotics (LcS-fermented milk, containing 1 × 1010 living LcS cells) or placebo for 12 weeks. All participants were examined and the basic clinical features were recorded using questionnaires. Fecal and blood samples were collected at the baseline and after 12 weeks for further omics analysis. We found that LcS intervention significantly alleviated patients' constipation-related symptoms and non-motor symptoms. We found no significant shifts in the composition of gut microbiota or faecal metabolites. Several taxa were differentially abundant between the groups, especially with regard to LcS intake, which increased the abundance of the genus Lacticaseibacillus in the probiotic group compared with those at the baseline and in the placebo group. The faecal concentration of L-tyrosine was significantly decreased and the plasma concentration of L-tyrosine was increased in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group. Our study demonstrated that although supplementation with LcS did not induce major changes in the global gut microbiome, the probiotic had favorable effects in managing constipation and other non-motor symptoms in PD patients. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800016795.

Qianjin Wenwu decoction suppresses renal interstitial fibrosis by enhancing the degradation of extracellular matrix in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction / 中国天然药物

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Qianjin Wenwu decoction (QWD), a well-known traditional Korean medicine, has been used for the treatment of DKD, with satisfactory therapeutic effects. This study was designed to investigate the active components and mechanisms of action of QWD in the treatment of DKD. The results demonstrated that a total of 13 active components in five types were found in QWD, including flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylpropionic acids, saponins, coumarins, and lignins. Two key proteins, TGF-β1 and TIMP-1, were identified as the target proteins through molecular docking. Furthermore, QWD significantly suppressed Scr and BUN levels which increased after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Masson staining results demonstrated that QWD significantly alleviated renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. We also found that QWD promoted ECM degradation by regulating MMP-9/TIMP-1 homeostasis to improve renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and interfere with the expression and activity of TGF- β1 in DKD treatment. These findings explain the underlying mechanism of QWD for the treatment of DKD, and also provide methodological reference for investigating the mechanism of traditional medicine in the treatment of DKD.

Synergism Between Multi-Pseudomonas and Cutinase for Biodegradation of Crude Oil-Based Derivatives.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as one of the main crude oil-based derivatives, produces a significant amount of waste that is difficult to degrade. Currently, microbial degradation of PET is an eco-friendly, efficient, and economical method. This study was conducted to propose a novel screening strategy for PET-degrading bacteria, and evaluate their degradation efficiency of PET. Two strains, Pseudomonas nitroreducens S8 and Pseudomonas monteilii S17, were isolated and could utilize PET as a carbon source by co-culture. The combined use of both bacteria gave a synergistic effect on the disruption of the PET surface through colonization behavior, which could enhance the subsequent degradation of PET. Its time of reaching a peak value of PET degradation rate (94.5% at 6 d) was 2 days earlier than these of single bacteria. A similar synergistic effect was also observed in the metabolization of PET monomers, and the metabolic rate was expressed as 82.4% of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), 64.0% of mono (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET), and 20.0% of terephthalic acid (TPA), respectively. This study is novel in showing the degradation of PET waste by combinations of bacterial pretreatment and enzymatic treatment, which can be a promising method.

[Effects of Land-use Conversion on Soil Nitrification and NO & N2O Emissions in Tropical China Under Different Moisture Conditions].

Rain and heat conditions are abundant in tropical areas, and rubber and tea are widely planted in this region; the nitrification process produces nitrate content, which is not conducive to the maintenance of nitrogen nutrients, and has negative environmental effects (nitrogen oxide emissions). The characteristics of soil nitrification rate and nitrogen oxide emission under different land use patterns remain unclear. An incubation experiment was conducted under the 5 a (T5) and 15 a (T15) tea plantation soils and the nearby typical rubber plantation (XJ) soils in Baisha county of Hainan province under two moisture contents (50% WFPS-L and 80% WFPS-H) for 71 d at 25℃. The results showed that:① after the rubber plantation was converted to a tea plantation, the net nitrification and soil NO and N2O emissions were significantly reduced under high moisture content. The overall trend was in the order of XJH>T15H>T5H, and the values of soil net nitrification and NO and N2O emissions were as high as 4.2 mg·(kg·d)-1, 1.4 mg·kg-1, and 14.3 mg·kg-1 in the XJH treatment, respectively. Under the low moisture content, soil NO emissions in tea field soil were significantly reduced relative to those in rubber plantation soil, N2O emissions had no significant difference among different treatments, and net nitrification had no significant difference between the XJ and T15 treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between NO emissions and net nitrification rate (P<0.01). ② The net nitrification of XJH was higher than that of XJL, but the net nitrification values under different moisture contents in tea field soil was in contrast to that in rubber plantation soil. The NO emissions of XJ and T15 under different moisture contents were consistent with the trend of net nitrification, and the high nitrification promoted NO emissions, whereas NO emissions of T5 were not significantly affected by moisture content. The high moisture content treatment significantly promoted N2O emissions relative to those under the low moisture content treatment. The results showed that SOM, TN, pH, and moisture content were the key factors affecting soil net nitrification rate, NO, and N2O emissions. The conversion of the rubber plantation to a tea plantation significantly reduced the net nitrification rate and negative impact on the environment under high moisture content.

[Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-Vegetable Rotation in a Tropical Region, China].

The study of the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in rice-vegetable rotation systems is of great significance to supplement the research gap on greenhouse gas emissions in tropical regions of China. In this study, four fertilization treatments were set up during the pepper season:phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application (PK); nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) application; half application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium plus half application of organic fertilizer (NPK+M); and application of organic fertilizer (M). There was no fertilizer application during the following early rice season. The objective of our study was to investigate the rules of CH4 and N2O emissions under different fertilization treatments in the pepper growth season, and the effects of different fertilization treatments in the pepper growth season on rice yield, and CH4 and N2O emissions in the following early rice growth season. The close static chamber-gas chromatography method was applied to determine soil CH4 and N2O emissions. We measured crop yield, estimated global warming potential (GWP), and calculated greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). Our results showed that:① the cumulative CH4 emission under the four fertilization treatments ranged between 0.9 kg·hm-2 to 2.7 kg·hm-2 during the pepper growth season and between 5.5 kg·hm-2 to 8.4 kg·hm-2 during the early rice growth season. Compared with NPK, NPK+M and M reduced the cumulative CH4 emission in the pepper growth season by 35.3% and 7.6%, respectively; however, NPK+M and M increased the cumulative CH4 emission in the early rice season by 37.5% and 55.1%, respectively. There was a significant difference in cumulative CH4 emission between M and NPK in the early rice growth season. ② The cumulative N2O emission under the four fertilization treatments varied from 0.5 kg·hm-2 to 3.0 kg·hm-2 in the pepper growth season and from 0.3 kg·hm-2 to 0.5 kg·hm-2 in the early rice growth season. The cumulative N2O emission was significantly decreased by 33.7% in NPK+M and by 16.0% in M, compared with that in NPK. In the early rice growth season, the cumulative N2O emission was decreased by 23.5% by NPK+M but was increased by 9.1% by M. There was no significant difference in the cumulative N2O emission among the four fertilization treatments. ③ The yields of pepper and early rice under the four fertilization treatments were 3055.6-37722.5 kg·hm-2 and 5850.9-6994.4 kg·hm-2, respectively. Compared with that in NPK, NPK+M and M significantly increased pepper yield. The GWP under the four fertilization treatments in the pepper-early rice rotation system varied from 508.0 kg·hm-2 to 1864.4 kg·hm-2. Compared with NPK, NPK+M significantly decreased GWP by 25.7% and M insignificantly decreased GWP by 5.7%. The pepper growth season with the four fertilization treatments contributed to 69.2%-78.1% of the total GWP, and N2O contributed to 77.3%-85.3% of the total GWP. The GHGI ranged between 0.03 kg·kg-1 and 0.09 kg·kg-1 in the pepper growth season and between 0.04 kg·kg-1 and 0.24 kg·kg-1 in the early rice growth season. Compared with that in NPK, both M and NPK+M significantly reduced the GHGI by 71.5% and 54.7%, respectively, in the pepper growth season. In the early rice season, NPK+M significantly decreased the GHGI by 44.0%, but M non-significantly decreased the GHGI by 20.8%. The peak in N2O emission in the tropical pepper-early rice rotation system appeared after fertilization, and N2O emissions primarily occurred in the pepper growth season. However, CH4 emission was mainly concentrated in the early rice season. Considering the overall enhancing effects on crop yield and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, the co-application of chemical and organic fertilizers (NPK+M) can be recommended as an optimal fertilization practice to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and maintain crop yield in pepper-rice rotation systems of Hainan, China.

[Asymmetric response mechanism of auditory event related potentials].

The classical auditory oddball paradigm is a commonly used experimental paradigm for evoking event related potentials (ERPs). The present study was aimed to explore the auditory cognitive processing mechanism of space perception of human brain. We employed an auditory oddball paradigm of binaural unbiased and biased sound intensity to compare and analyze the response characteristics of ERP. By focusing on the spatial lateralization characteristics of P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) components, we analyzed their lateralization trends according to the laterality index. We found that both P300 and MMN components showed right-hemisphere lateralization phenomenon under the stimulation of asymmetric intensity of auditory acoustic. The results suggested that the right hemisphere of human brain played a key role in spatial information processing. The results also indicated that the hemispherical characteristics of the brain were not related to the actual spatial direction of the auditory stimulus, but were determined by the hemispherical functions of the brain. Furthermore, the results suggested that the MMN components induced by spatial differences were stronger in females than those in males.

Mycotoxins in Tea ((Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)): Contamination and Dietary Exposure Profiling in the Chinese Population.

Tea is popular worldwide with multiple health benefits. It may be contaminated by the accidental introduction of toxigenic fungi during production and storage. The present study focuses on potential mycotoxin contamination in tea and the probable dietary exposure assessments associated with consumption. The contamination levels for 16 mycotoxins in 352 Chinese tea samples were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Average concentrations of almost all mycotoxins in tea samples were below the established regulations, except for ochratoxin A in the dark tea samples. A risk assessment was performed for the worst-case scenarios by point evaluation and Monte Carlo assessment model using the obtained mycotoxin levels and the available green, oolong, black, and dark tea consumption data from cities in China. Additionally, we discuss dietary risk through tea consumption as beverages and dietary supplements. In conclusion, there is no dietary risk of exposure to mycotoxins through tea consumption in the Chinese population.

Development of a Novel UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of 16 Mycotoxins in Different Tea Categories.

The contamination of potential mycotoxins in tea production and consumption has always been a concern. However, the risk monitoring on multiple mycotoxins remains a challenge by existing methods due to the high cost and complex operation in tea matrices. This research has developed a simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry strategy based on our homemade purification column, which can be applied in the detections of mycotoxins in complex tea matrices with high-effectively purifying and removing pigment capacity for 16 mycotoxins. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were in the ranges of 0.015~15.00 and 0.03~30.00 µg·kg-1 for 16 mycotoxins, respectively. Recoveries from mycotoxin-fortified tea samples (0.13~1200 µg·kg-1) in different tea matrices ranged from 61.27 to 118.46%, with their relative standard deviations below 20%. Moreover, this method has been successfully applied to the analysis and investigation of the levels of 16 mycotoxins in major categories of tea and the monitoring of multiple mycotoxins in processed samples of ripened Pu-erh. In conclusion, the proposed strategy is simple, effective, time-saving, and low-cost for the determination of a large number of tea samples.

Current Status and Research Trends of Panax Between 1900-2019: A Bibliometric Analysis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the current status and further development of Panax genus and 6 important individual species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolium, P. vietnamensis, P. japonicus, P. stipuleanatus and P. zingiberensis.@*METHODS@#The bibliometric analysis was based on the Web of Science core database platform from Thomson Reuters. Totally, 7,574 records of scientific research of Panax species published from 1900-2019 were analyzed. The statistical and visualization analysis was performed by CiteSpace and HistCite software.@*RESULTS@#The academic research of Panax species increase promptly. Plant science is the main research field while research and experimental medicine and agricultural engineering will be the further development tendency. Particularly, the discrimination research of P. notoginseng will be the research tendency among Panax species, especially diversity research. In addition, P. vietnamensis deserves more attention in the genus Panax.@*CONCLUSION@#This research provides a reference for further research of the genus and individual species.

Clinical efficacy of OPT intense pulsed light combined parameters in treatment of lip hairiness / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To carry out the clinical observation and research of OPT intense pulsed light combined parameters in the treatment of lip hairiness.Methods:A total of 94 female patients with lip hairiness who were treated with OPT intense pulsed light depilation were collected, of which 22 were treated with single parameter and 72 were treated with combined parameters, both once a month for 7 months. The treatment effects of the two groups were compared. From October 2013 to October 2019, the patients were collected from the Department of Medical Cosmetology, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Results:With the increase of treatment times, the curative effect of patients gradually appeared, and the χ 2 value was 10.87 in the single parameter group and 105.25 in the combined parameter group. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the single parameter array between the two comparisons of different treatment times; there was statistical significance in the combined parameter group. The χ 2 value of treatment (1 vs. 3) times was 26.05, (1 vs. 7) times was 73.3, (3 vs. 7) times was 23.82 ( P<0.017). There was significant difference in the constituent ratio and total effective rate between the two groups after 3 and 7 times of treatment. The total effective rate of 3 times of treatment was 36.36% in single parameter group and 70.83% in combined parameter group; The total effective rate of 7 times of treatment was 59.09% in the single parameter group and 81.94% in the combined parameter group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Combined parameters OPT intense pulsed light therapy has better effect on lip hairiness than single parameter, and the treatment is safe and has good clinical application value.

Insight into the pharmacological effects of andrographolide in musculoskeletal disorders.

Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been widely used in Asian countries for hundreds of years. Andrographolide (AG) is a diterpene lactone extracted from A. paniculata. Owing to the in-depth study of pharmacological mechanisms, the therapeutic potential of AG, including its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunoregulatory attributes, has attracted the attention of many researchers. Studies testing the therapeutic effects of AG have demonstrated desirable results in the treatment of a variety of clinical diseases. With high safety and various biological functions, AG might be a promising candidate for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Here, we review all available literatures to summarize the pharmacological effects of AG and facilitate further researches on musculoskeletal diseases.

[Relationship between programmed cell death and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and new perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine intervention].

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) is an urgent problem in clinical treatment. As cardiomyocytes are terminal cells, MIRI-induced cardiomyocyte death will irreversibly damage the structure and function of the heart. In previous studies, apoptosis was considered to be the only way to regulate cell death, while necrosis could not be regulated. However, current studies have shown that cell necrosis could also be regulated, which was collectively called programmed cell death(PCD). Regulated cell death is actively mediated through molecular pathways, so there is the possibility of inhibiting this signaling to reduce MIRI. At present, PCD mainly includes apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. As a unique treature in China, traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of multiple pathways, multiple targets, low toxicity, less side effects and low economic costs. With the in-depth study of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine against MIRI, it has been confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine could regulate PCD to reduce MIRI. Therefore, this paper focuses on the relationship between PCD and MIRI, and new studies on intervention with relevant traditional Chinese medicine, with the aim to provide new MIRI prevention and treatment methods from the perspective of "intervention of PCD".

Development and validation of the one-step purification method coupled to LC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of four aflatoxins in fermented tea.

Aflatoxin B1 is the potential chemical contaminant of most concern during the production and storage of fermented tea. In this work, a simple, fast, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of four aflatoxins in fermented tea based on a modified sample pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Aflatoxins were extracted using acetonitrile and purified using mixed fillers (carboxyl multiwalled carbon nanotubes, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, silica gel). Under optimum LC-MS conditions, the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.02-0.5 µg·kg-1. Recoveries from aflatoxins-fortified tea samples (1-12 µg·kg-1) were in the range of 78.94-105.23% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 18.20%. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine aflatoxin levels in fermented tea samples.

Analysis of the soil microbial community of Cistanche deserticola and Cynomorium songaricum in the saline-alkali soil of Ebinur Lake / 药学学报

To explore the characteristics of soil microbial communities of Cistanche deserticola and Cynomorium songaricum, two typical parasitic medicinal plants that live in an extreme saline alkali environment, 16S PCR was used to sequence the soil microbial communities of C. deserticola and C. songaricum in Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang. Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis were carried out based on the abundance of core microbiome and ecoclimatic factors. The results show that the diversity of the soil microbial community of C. deserticola was significantly higher than that of C. songaricum. The core microbial groups of C. deserticola and C. songaricum were Marinomona, Halomonadaceae, Rhizobiales, Halomonas, and Acidimicrobiales. Six specific biomarkers were identified as Micrococcacea, Echinicola, Glutamicibacter, Galbibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and Marinobacterium_ rhizophilum. The results of redundancy analysis and correlation analysis show that the average temperature in the driest season and the average temperature in the coldest season, and the clay content and soil texture classification were the main ecological factors affecting the composition of these soil microbial communities. This study provides a theoretical basis for finding molecular markers of C. deserticola and C. songaricum and promoting the quality of C. deserticola and C. songaricum.

Relationship between programmed cell death and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and new perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) is an urgent problem in clinical treatment. As cardiomyocytes are terminal cells, MIRI-induced cardiomyocyte death will irreversibly damage the structure and function of the heart. In previous studies, apoptosis was considered to be the only way to regulate cell death, while necrosis could not be regulated. However, current studies have shown that cell necrosis could also be regulated, which was collectively called programmed cell death(PCD). Regulated cell death is actively mediated through molecular pathways, so there is the possibility of inhibiting this signaling to reduce MIRI. At present, PCD mainly includes apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. As a unique treature in China, traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of multiple pathways, multiple targets, low toxicity, less side effects and low economic costs. With the in-depth study of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine against MIRI, it has been confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine could regulate PCD to reduce MIRI. Therefore, this paper focuses on the relationship between PCD and MIRI, and new studies on intervention with relevant traditional Chinese medicine, with the aim to provide new MIRI prevention and treatment methods from the perspective of "intervention of PCD".

Therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese exercises and massage treatment on lumbar instability: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of traditional Chinese exercises combined with traditional Chinese massage on lumbar instability. METHODS: Seventy patients with lumbar instability were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was treated with traditional Chinese exercises combined with traditional Chinese massage, while the control group was only treated with traditional Chinese exercises. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and dynamic imaging indexes were used to assess treatment outcomes. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment, the JOA scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05), while ODI was significantly lower (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the JOA score of the experimental group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the ODI was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Besides, the dynamic imaging indexes of patients with lumbar instability significantly changed after treatment. The lumbar vertebral laxity was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) than those before treatment. CONCLUSION: The traditional Chinese exercises and massage may improve the symptoms of lumbar instability, and traditional Chinese exercises combined with massage treatment may be better than exercises alone.