Non-invasive neuromodulation effects on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) typically is accompanied by painful symptoms. Several therapeutic agents have been tried for symptomatic relief, but with varying results. The use of non-invasive neuromodulation (NINM) is a potential treatment option for DPN. The objective of our study is to evaluate NINM effects on pain rating and nerve conduction velocity in DPN patients. The search was carried out in seven databases until Aug 30th, 2019. Finally, twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. We found a significant reduction of pain scores by central NINMs (effect size [ES] = - 0.75, 95% CI = - 1.35 to - 0.14), but not by the overall peripheral techniques (electrical and electromagnetic) (ES = - 0.58, 95% CI = - 1.23 to 0.07). However, the subgroup of peripheral electrical NINMs reported a significant higher effect (ES = - 0.84, 95% CI = - 1.57 to - 0.11) compared to electromagnetic techniques (ES = 0.21; 95% CI = - 1.00 to 1.42, I2 = 95.3%) . Other subgroup analysis results show that NINMs effects are higher with intensive protocols and in populations with resistant symptoms or intolerance to analgesic medications. Besides, NINMs can increase motor nerves velocity (ES = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.47 to 2.17), and there were no effects on sensory nerves velocity (ES = 0.01, 95% CI = - 0.79 to 0.80). The results suggest that central and peripheral electrical NINMs could reduce neuropathic pain among DPN patients, without reported adverse events. Well-powered studies are needed to confirm that NINM techniques as an alternative effective and safe treatment option.

Ozone therapy promotes the differentiation of basal keratinocytes via increasing Tp63-mediated transcription of KRT10 to improve psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory dermatosis. Recently, ozone therapy has been applicated to psoriasis treatment; however, the mechanism by which ozone therapy improves psoriasis remains unclear. The excessive proliferation and the differentiation of basal keratinocytes have been considered critical issues during pathological psoriasis process, in which keratin 6 (KRT6) and KRT10 might be involved. In the present study, KRT6, IL-17 and IL-22 protein within psoriasis lesions was decreased, while KRT10 and Tp63 protein in psoriasis lesions was increased by ozone treatment in both patient and IMQ mice psoriatic tissues. In the meantime, ozone treatment down-regulated KRT6 mRNA and protein expression while up-regulated KRT10 mRNA and protein expression within IL-22 treated primary KCs; the cell viability of KCs was suppressed by ozone treatment. Moreover, Tp63 bound to KRT10 promoter region to activate its transcription in basal keratinocytes; the promotive effects of ozone on Tp63 and KRT10 were significantly reversed by Tp63 silence. Both TP63 and KRT10 mRNA expression were significantly increased by ozone treatment in psoriasis lesions; there was a positive correlation between Tp63 and KRT10 expression within tissue samples, suggesting that ozone induces the expression of Tp63 to enhance the expression of KRT10 and the differentiation of keratinocytes, therefore improving the psoriasis. In conclusion, the application of ozonated oil could be an efficient and safe treatment for psoriasis; ozone promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes via increasing Tp63-mediated transcription of KRT10, therefore improving psoriasis.

[Bactericidal effect of ozonated camellia oil on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a new method for detecting the bactericidal effect of oiling agent in vitro, and to determine the disinfectant effecacy of ozonated camellia oil on Staphylococcus aureus.
 Methods: Suspension of Staphylococcus aureus was prepared and innoculated on the LB plate by plate scribing method. After culture overnight, 21 bacterial monoclones with the same diameter were selected and divided into 3 groups: A negative control group, a baseoil (camellia oil) group and an ozonated camellia oil group. We used a ring to isolate the single clone and added oil inside the ring, cultured the whole plate over night, picked out each single clone (with gel) to 5 mL LB medium and cultured it for 12 h. The final concentration of the LB medium was detected by plate count method and turbidimetry.
 Results: According to the plate count method and turbidimetry, the bacterial concentration in the ozonated camellia oil group was lower than that in the negative control group and base oil group (P<0.001).
 Conclusion: Bacterial monoclone culture method shows that ozonated camellia oil can significantly kill Staphylococcus aureus, and this method is an effective method for evaluating the bactericidal function of the oiling agent in vitro.