RESUMEN
Members of Veratrum are perennial herbs widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to induce vomiting, resolve blood stasis and relieve pain. However, the intrageneric classification and phylogenetic relationships within Veratrum have long been controversial due to the complexity of morphological variations and lack of high-resolution molecular markers. In this study, we reevaluated the infrageneric relationships with the genus Veratrum using complete chloroplast genome sequence data. Herein, the complete cp genomes of ten species of Veratrum were newly sequenced and characterized. The complete cp genomes of ten species of Veratrum had the typical quadripartite structure, ranging from 151,597 bp to 153,711 bp in size and comprising a total of 135 genes. The structure of Veratrum cp genomes (i.e., gene order, content, and genome components) was highly similar across species. The number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) ranged from 63 to 78, and of long repeats ranged from 31 to 35. Eight highly divergent regions (ndhF, psbC-psbZ, psbK-psbI, rpoB-trnC_GCA, trnK_UUU-trnQ_UUG, trnS_GCU-trnG_UCC, trnT_UGU-trnL_UAA and ycf1) were identified and are potentially useful for the DNA barcoding of Veratrum. Phylogenetic analysis among 29 taxa based on cp genomes, total genes, protein-coding genes and intergenic regions strongly supported the monophyly of Veratrum. The circumscription and relationships of the infrageneric taxa of Veratrum were well-presented with great resolution. These results will facilitate the identification, taxonomy, and utilization of Veratrum plants as well as the evolutionary studies of Melanthiaceae.
RESUMEN
Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) Hong, an endangered perennial species, is endemic to the Eastern Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains. In this study, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of N. scrophulariiflora, which is 152,643 bp in length, including two inverted repeat (IR, 25,829 bp) regions, one large single copy region (LSC) and one small single copy region (SSC) of 83,191 bp and 17,794 bp, respectively. The cp genome has 131 annotated genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of it is 38.1%. Phylogenetic analysis using total chloroplast genome DNA sequence of 14 species revealed that N. scrophulariiflora was closely relates to two species of Veronica with 100% bootstrap value.
RESUMEN
Swertia mileensis is an important medicinal plant endemic to South-east Yunnan, China, which has been widely used to treat icteric hepatitis. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. mileensis is presented in this study, the total size is 153,015 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure including a pair of inverted repeat (IRs, 25,786 bp) regions separated by a large single copy (LSC, 83,048 bp) region and a small single copy (SSC, 18,395 bp) region. The overall GC content of it is 38.2%. The cp genome has 134 annotated genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Among these genes, nine genes have one intron and two genes contain two introns. The phylogenetic tree based on 16 complete plastomes of support close relationships among two species of Swertia with 100% bootstrap value.
RESUMEN
Veratrum mengtzeanum Loes. F. is a medicinal plant belonging to the genus Veratrum (Liliaceae). In the present study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of this species. The chloroplast genome is 152,051 bp in length, with one large single copy (LSC) region and one small single copy (SSC) region of 82,112 bp and 17,544 bp, respectively; two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,198 bp. It contains 131 annotated genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that V. mengtzeanum was closely related to Veratrum japonicum with 100% bootstrap value.
RESUMEN
The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Aconitum austroyunnanense W. T. Wang, a rare and endangered medicinal plant endemic to southwestern China, was sequenced to be 155,818 bp in length, including two inverted repeat (IR, 26,128 bp) regions, one large single-copy region (LSC) and one small single-copy region (SSC) of 86,555 bp and 17,007 bp, respectively. The cp genome has 131 annotated genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and a pseudogene (ycf1). The overall GC content of it is 38.1%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cp genome of A. austroyunnanense is closely related to that of Aconitum hemsleyanum.