Influence of diverse natural biopolymers on the physicochemical characteristics of borage seed oil-peppermint oil loaded W/O/W nanoemulsions entrapped with lycopene.

Borage seed oil (BSO), peppermint oil (PO) and lycopene (LC) have accomplished a lot of interest due to their therapeutic benefits in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. However, their employment in functional food products and dietary supplements is still precluded by their high susceptibility to oxidation. Thus, the encapsulation can be applied as a promising strategy to overcome these limits. In the present study, doubly layered water/oil/water (W/O/W) nanoemulsions were equipped using purity gum ultra (PGU), soy protein isolate (SPI), pectin (PC), whey protein isolate (WPI) and WPI-PC and SPI-PC complexes, and their physico-chemical properties were investigated. Our aim was to investigate the influence of natural biopolymers as stabilizers on the physicochemical properties of nanoemulsified BSO, PO and lycopene thru W/O/W emulsions. The droplet size of the fabricated emulsions coated with PGU, WPI, SPI, PC, WPI-PC, and SPI-PC was 156.2, 265.9, 254.7, 168.5, 559.5 and 656.1 nm, correspondingly. The encapsulation efficiency of the entrapped bioactives for powders embedded by PGU, WPI, SPI, PC, WPI-PC, and SPI-PC was 95.21%, 94.67%, 97.24%, 92.19%, 90.07% and 92.34%, respectively. In addition, peroxide and p-anisidine values were used to measure the antioxidant potential of the entrapped bioactive compounds during storage, which was compared to synthetic antioxidant and bare natural antioxidant. The collected findings revealed that oxidation occurred in oils encompassing entrapped bioactive compounds, but at a lower extent than for non-encapsulated bioactives. In summary, the findings obtained from current research prove that the nanoencapsulation of BSO surrounded by innermost aqueous stage of W/O/W improved its stability as well as allowed a controlled release of the entrapped bioactives. Thus, the obtained BSO-PO-based systems could be successfully used for further fortification of food-stuffs.

Comparative Profiling of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes), Possessing Textural, Antibacterial, Elemental, and Antioxidant Properties in Diverse Collections from China.

Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is cultured commercially and consumed worldwide for its unique flavor, texture, and culinary qualities. The objective of this study was to assess the textural profile together with the phenolic content and antioxidant, antibacterial, and elemental composition of wild and commercially cultivated A. bisporus from China. Of the six mushroom strains studied, both cultivated strains CCMJ1013 (fresh: 85.8 N/m2; stored: 57.9 N/m2) and CCMJ1343 (fresh: 94.7 N/m2; stored: 52.9 N/m2) recorded elevated hardness. Our results revealed that wild A. bisporus strain CCMJ1363 contained the highest phenolic content (7.840 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g), followed by CCMJ1361 (7.125 mg GAE/g) and CCMJ1351 (6.709 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity was elevated in CCMJ1351 (inhibition concentration at 50% inhibition [IC50] = 1.04 mg/mL) followed by CCMJ1361 (IC50 = 1.67 mg/mL) in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, whereas CCMJ1351 showed the maximum antioxidant activity (353.54 mg Trolox equivalents/g) in the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The maximum 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) di-hydrochloride-induced erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition was found in wild A. bisporus CCMJ1363 (86.09% inhibition) followed by CCMJ1351 (84.45% inhibition). In terms of antibacterial activity, only a wild A. bisporus strain (CCMJ1361) showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Wild strain CCMJ1110 contained the highest level of zinc and magnesium; CCMJ1361 showed higher levels of calcium and iron, and CCMJ1363 contained a comparatively higher composition of nitrogen, sodium, and aluminum. Therefore, the current study lays a foundation for creating high-performance, culinary-quality, and stress-resistant germplasms in breeding for A. bisporus strains.

Protective Mechanism of Edible Food Plants against Alcoholic Liver Disease with Special Mention to Polyphenolic Compounds.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one type of liver disease, causing a global healthcare problem and mortality. The liver undergoes tissue damage by chronic alcohol consumption because it is the main site for metabolism of ethanol. Chronic alcohol exposure progresses from alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) to alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), which further lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular cancer. Therapeutic interventions to combat ALD are very limited such as use of corticosteroids. However, these therapeutic drugs are not effective for long-term usage. Therefore, additional effective and safe therapies to cope with ALD are urgently needed. Previous studies confirmed that edible food plants and their bioactive compounds exert a protective effect against ALD. In this review article, we summarized the hepatoprotective potential of edible food plants and their bioactive compounds. The underlying mechanism for the prevention of ALD by edible food plants was as follows: anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, gut microbiota composition modulation, and anti-fibrosis.

Nutrigenomics: Epigenetics and cancer prevention: A comprehensive review.

Due to change in lifestyle and food habits, people are more at risk of diet-related diseases and cancers. It is also established that dietary modifications significantly reduce the risk of diseases. Nutrigenomics is relatively fresh discipline, but possess an enormous potential that can apply for prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. This review enables us to generate useful information for scientists and health professionals regarding the role of Nutrigenomics in the prevention of diet and lifestyle-related diseases like cancer. It influences health conditions of individuals and susceptibility of disease by defining the metabolic response and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications can perform a significant role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are the most common epigenetic mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids are the best example of nutrients and gene interaction not involving DNA methylation while certain bioactive food compounds have a proven role in cancer prevention through an epigenetic mechanism. Dietary polyphenols substantially take part in prevention of oral, breast, skin, esophageal, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancers. Moreover, minerals and vitamins involve regulatory processes. Zinc, Selenium and folate involve in DNA repairing process have anticancer properties. Consumption of multivitamins prevents methylation of cancer cells.

A Comparison of the Physical, Chemical, and Structural Properties of Wild and Commercial Strains of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes).

Agaricus bisporus is well known for its nutraceutical properties. To meet consumer market demand, there is an urgent need for new strains with disease resistance and a diverse nutrient profile for commercial cultivation. Wild germplasm resources provide a good source for the breeding of new strains for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the physical, chemical, and structural properties of wild domesticated (CCMJ1351) and major commercially cultivated strains (CCMJ1013, CCMJ1028, and CCMJ1343) of A. bisporus from China. The results showed significant differences among the strains for all parameters measured. In terms of morphological characteristics, CCMJ1351 possessed the highest stipe thickness, fruiting body individual weight, cohesiveness, and springiness; CCMJ1013 demonstrated maximum pileus diameter and thickness; CCMJ1028 exhibited the highest textural hardness and color characteristics; and strain CCMJ1343 had the highest yield. CCMJ1351 ranked top among all the strains for proximate composition, rheological profile, and structural and mechanical properties, containing 21.93% crude protein and the highest dry matter, crude fat, and fiber contents. However, the bioactive chemical constituents present in the four strains were very similar, especially ß-(1→3)-glucan, according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, while some minimal peaks varied among the different strains. Therefore, in combination with previously identified high disease-resistance traits, the wild domesticated strain CCMJ1351 constitutes a good candidate for further exploitation in breeding programs and is suitable for fresh consumption as well as incorporation into various food products.

Impact of ultrasound and conventional extraction techniques on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.).

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultrasound on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). For this purpose, optimized conditions (temperature 50 °C, time 150 min, solid to liquid ratio 1 g:15 ml, 70% amplitude and 240 W, 20 kHz frequency, 3 s on and 3 s off) of ultrasound (US) and conventional extraction (AGE: Agitation, water bath for 150 min, 50 °C at 150 rmp) were used. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) effect of US and AGE on total phenolics (TPCs), flavonoids (TFCs) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, reducing activity, Cu2+ and H2O2) of butterfly pea flower extract (BPFE). The results showed an increased trend in yield, TPCs, TFCs and antioxidant activities of US treated BPFE with comparison to AGE. However, insignificant (p > 0.05) effect of US and AGE over TFlaCs and PACs were observed. Moreover, the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed little changes in spectrum and US does not affect the functional group of bioactive compounds structure. Additionally, extracts (500-2000 µg/ml) protect pBR322 plasmid DNA damage induced by (1 mM H2O2 and 1 mM FeSO4), plasma oxidation (induced by 250 µM CuCl2) and inhibit erythrocyte hemolysis (induced by 200 mM AAPH, 34.6 to 66.73%). Sonication can be applied successfully for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials with high biological activities.