Effect of Bergmeister papilla on disc parameters in spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological characteristics of Bergmeister papilla (BMP), a persistent hyaloid remnant tissue, and its effects on the measurements and repeatability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects of this prospective cross-sectional study including 83 patients with BMP and 76 unaffected individuals, all had open-angle structures. Images, including a 5-line raster and three consecutive optic disc cube scans centred on the optic disc, were acquired using the Cirrus high-definition OCT. BMP's structural characteristics were classified based on the raster scan images, and repeatability of acquiring optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer parameters acquisition was analysed by calculating the test-retest standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variance (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: BMPs (n = 83) were categorised into lifting edge (LE) type (63.9%, n = 53), which partially covers the edge of the optic nerve head, and covering disc (CD) type (36.1%, n = 30), which completely covers the cupping area like a cap. The average cup-to-disc ratio (0.58 ± 0.21), vertical cup-to-disc ratio (0.55 ± 0.21), and cup volume (0.22 ± 0.22) of the CD type were lower than those of the LE type (0.66 ± 0.13, 0.64 ± 0.13, and 0.4 ± 0.27, respectively; all P < 0.05). Tolerability indices for repeatability of cup volume (Sw = 0.40 and CV = 0.36) and inferonasal (4 o'clock) retinal nerve fibre layer (Sw = 0.27 and CV = 0.25) in LE-type BMPs exceeded the cut-off value (0.22) and demonstrated stronger correlation with BMP location than that of the controls. CONCLUSION: Caution should be exercised when interpreting OCT findings in eyes with BMP, as BMP can introduce a pitfall in OCT imaging.

Bone mineral density in women treated for various types of gynecological cancer.

AIM: Patients with gynecologic cancer frequently experience bone loss due to cancer treatments, including bilateral oophorectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study evaluated treatment-associated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in women with gynecologic cancer and compared changes among patients with different types of gynecologic cancer. METHODS: BMD of the lumbar spine and femur was retrospectively analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 118 women who underwent treatment for gynecological cancers and 132 women without gynecologic cancers. The cohort included 55 women with cervical cancer who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, 33 with endometrial cancer (EC) who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy and 30 with ovarian cancer who underwent bilateral oophorectomy followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were assessed at baseline and 12 months after treatment. Areal BMD, expressed as grams of mineral/cm2 scanned, was compared with that in young healthy women (T-score). RESULTS: Demographic characteristics and pretreatment BMDs, including T-scores, did not differ among cancer types. After adjustment for factors that can affect T-score, cancer type affected change in T-score 12 months after treatment. After adjustment for pretreatment age, parity, BMI and T-score, T-score 12 months after treatment was significantly lower in the EC than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Women treated for gynecological cancer, particularly those with EC who undergo bilateral oophorectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, should be managed in a timely manner to prevent or minimize bone loss.