Acupuncture for treatment of tobacco withdrawal syndrome: systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically review the efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of tobacco withdrawal syndrome.@*METHODS@#The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture for treatment of tobacco withdrawal syndrome were searched in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and EMbase databases. The search period was from January 1st of 2011 to December 31st of 2021. After data extraction and bias risk assessment of the included literature, the Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4.1 software.@*RESULTS@#Totally 23 RCTs were included, including 2 120 patients. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with medication, acupuncture showed no significant difference at improving Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score (MD=0.16, 95%CI: -0.08, 0.41), heaviness of smoking index (HSI) score (MD=0.11, 95%CI: -0.13, 0.36), Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale (MNWS) score (MD=0.12, 95%CI: -0.11, 1.35), questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU) score (MD=-0.30, 95%CI: -2.78, 2.18), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score (MD=0.76, 95%CI: -1.54, 3.06), abstinence rate (RR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.10) and effective rate (RR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.95, 1.07). Acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture in reducing MNWS score (MD=-4.88, 95%CI: -5.21, -4.55, P<0.000 01). Acupuncture was superior to cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing FTND score (MD=-1.41, 95%CI: -1.74, -1.08), MNWS score (MD=-4.28, 95%CI: -5.31, -3.25) and increasing abstinence rate (RR=2.19, 95%CI: 1.39, 3.45, P<0.000 01, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture could effectively improve tobacco withdrawal syndrome, increase abstinence rate and effective rate. Limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies, this conclusion needs to be verified by more studies.

Deep chemical identification of phytoecdysteroids in Achyranthes bidentata Blume by UHPLC coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and targeted isolation / 中国天然药物

Achyranthes bidentata Blume is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening muscles and bones. In this work, a rapid and simple strategy was developed for characterizing phytoecdysteroids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with liner ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the negative mode. As a result, 47 phytoecdysteroids were unambiguously or tentatively characterized. Among them, seven known compounds were identified according to the reference standards along with molecular formula, retention time and fragmentation patterns, while others were mostly potential new compounds. Through targeted isolation, the structures of three new compounds were determined by NMR spectra, which were consistent with LC-MS characterization. The present study provides an efficient method to deeply characterize phytoecdysteroids.

Impacts of nicotine metabolite rate and acupuncture frequency on smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of different acupuncture frequencies in tobacco-dependent patients and explore the impact of nicotine metabolite rate (NMR) on smoking cessation in the intervention with acupuncture.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 cases of tobacco-dependent patients were randomly divided into a high-frequency group (60 cases, 12 cases dropped off) and a low-frequency group (60 cases, 6 cases dropped off). In the two groups, smoking cessation counseling was provided prior to acupuncture. Acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Lieque (LU 7), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. Additionally, electric stimulation was added at Lieque (LU 7) and Zusanli (ST 36), with continuous wave, 15 Hz in frequency. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks in either group. In the high-frequency group, the treatment was given 5 times weekly from week 1 to week 4, and was 3 times weekly from week 5 to week 8. In the low-frequency group, the treatment was given 3 times weekly from week 1 to week 4, and was twice a week from week 5 to week 8. The immediate withdrawal rate, persistent withdrawal rate, the score of Fagerstrőm test for nicotine dependence (FTND) before and after treatment, as well as the score of Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale (MNWS) in 1 and 8 weeks of treatment were compared among the patients with high and low NMR between the two groups separately. The Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of smoking cessation in the intervention with acupuncture.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, there was no statistical significance of the differences in the immediate withdrawal rate (35.4% [17/48] vs 29.6% [16/54]) and the persistent withdrawal rate (33.3% [16/48] vs 25.9% [14/54]) between the high-frequency group and the low-frequency group (P>0.05). The difference in withdrawal rate had no statistical significance between high and low NMR patients (P>0.05). FTND scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01) and MNWS scores were lower than those in 1 week of treatment (P<0.01) in the two groups. However, the differences had no statistical significance between the two groups and between the patients with high NMR and low NMR (P>0.05). Age, education level and NMR were the influencing factors of smoking cessation in the intervention with acupuncture (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture with different frequencies has no obvious impact on the efficacy in tobacco-dependent patients. The lower nicotine metabolite rate in individuals, the better efficacy of acupuncture. The smokers with high nicotine metabolite rate may obtain a better effect of cessation in the high-frequency intervention with acupuncture.

Bibliometric analysis of refractory facial paralysis based on CNKI database / 中国针灸

The current development situation and the hotspot of the relevant research on refractory facial paralysis are explored. The articles on refractory facial paralysis are retrieved from CNKI database. The bibliographic items co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) 2.0 is adopted to extract and analyze statistically literature characteristics and generate the high-frequency keywords matrix. The graphical clustering toolkit (gCLUTO) 1.0 is used to cluster the high-frequency keywords. A total of 750 articles are included, mostly published in

Clinical study of laryngopharyngeal reflux treated with acupuncture on the base of theory of the ascending and the descending of / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To verify the clinical effect of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) treated with acupuncture at the acupoints composed on the base of theory of the ascending and the descending of .@*METHODS@#A total of 84 patients of LPR were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 42 cases in each one. The conventional treatment was provided in the two groups. Additionally, in the control group, the medication was administered, i.e. esomeprazole tablets (20 mg, twice a day) and mosapride tablets (5 mg, three times a day), consecutively for 14 days. In the observation group, the oral medication was the same as the control group. Besides, acupuncture at the acupoints composed on the base of theory of the ascending and the descending of was supplemented. The acupoints were Tiantu (CV 22), Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Taichong (LR 3) and Neiguan (PC 6). The acupuncture treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week, consecutively for 10 times in 2 weeks (14 days in total). Before and after treatment, the reflux symptom index (RSI) score, the reflux finding score (RFS) and the time proportion of esophageal pH < 4 in 24 h were compared, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, RSI score, RFS, 24 h esophageal pH<4 time proportion were all reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (<0.05). After treatment, RSI score, RFS, 24 h esophageal pH<4 time proportion in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (<0.05). The total effective rate was 92.9% (39/42) in the observation group, better than 71.4% (30/42) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the base of the conventional treatment, acupuncture at the acupoints composed in compliance with the theory of the ascending and the descending of combined with western medication contribute to the recovery of gastrointestinal function, effectively control the laryngopharyngeal symptoms and physical signs. The therapeutic effect of this comprehensive therapy is better than the simple treatment with western medication.

Clinical effect of plum-blossom needle tapping at three meridians of wrist on wrist joint contracture after stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of plum-blossom needle tapping at three meridians of wrist combined with rehabilitation training and simple rehabilitation training on wrist joint contracture after stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 patients with wrist joint contracture after stroke were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 36 cases in each one. In the control group, simple rehabilitation training was applied, 5 times a week, 3 weeks as one course and totally 3 courses were required. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, plum-blossom needle tapping at three meridians of wrist was adopted in the observation group. The tapping regions were wrist traveling parts of three meridians of hand, ranging from up 3 to below 1 of wrist crease, 3 times a week, 3 weeks as one course and totally 3 courses were required. The active range of motion (AROM) of active wrist extension, Fugl-Meyer score (FMA) and Barthel index (BI) score were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The AROM, FMA scores and BI scores after treatment in the two groups were superior to before treatment (<0.05), and the improvements of 3 indexes in the observation group were superior to the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect of plum-blossom needle tapping at three meridians of wrist combined with rehabilitation training is superior to simple rehabilitation training on wrist joint contracture after stroke.

Application of Mental Rotation Test in Motor Imagery Ability Assessment for Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the judgment strategies of stroke patients facing different visual stimulus and the main factors affecting the mental rotation test results. Methods:From May to October, 2018, 15 stroke patients and 15 age-sex-education-matched healthy controls accepted standard software-based mental rotation tests with four kinds of visual stimulus: hand back, hand palm, Chinese characters and alphabets. Reaction time and response accuracy were recorded. All the subjects were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the patients were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) additionally. Results:When hand back, hand palm and alphabets worked as visual stimulus, the response accuracy was less in the patients than in the controls (F > 7.027, P < 0.05). For all the tests, the reaction time was more in the patients than in the controls (F > 14.827, P < 0.001). The main effect of rotation angle was significant to reaction time when picture of hands as visual stimulus (F > 7.747, P < 0.001), while it was the least at 0°. The MoCA scores negatively correlated with reaction time in both groups (r < -0.375, P < 0.05), as well as the FMA-UE scores in the patients (r < -0.581, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Different types of visual stimulus may affect the judgment strategies and results of mental rotation test. Motor imagery ability is impaired for stroke patients, however, the basic reaction model maintains somehow.

Effect of the different smoking cessation regimens with acupuncture on smoking withdrawal and their influence factors: a multi-center randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture on smoking cessation and withdrawal symptoms and to explore the influence factors of acupuncture on smoking cessation.@*METHODS@#A total of 500 subjects with tobacco dependence were randomized into an acupuncture group, an auricular therapy group, an acupuncture plus auricular therapy group, a TENS group and a nicotine replacement therapy group (NRT group), 100 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Lieque (LU 7), Hegu (LI 4) and Zusanli (ST 36). The treatment was given 5 times a week, once a day in the first 2 weeks. The treatment was given once every 2 days in the week 3 and 4, 3 times a week, and twice a week, once every 3 days in the week 5 to 8. In the auricular therapy group, the ear point pressure therapy was used at shenmen (TF), neifenmi (CO), pizhixia (AT) and jiaogan (AH), 3 times a week. In the acupuncture plus auricular therapy group, acupuncture and auricular therapy were adopted with the same points and manipulation as the previous two groups. Acupuncture was given 3 times a week and the auricular therapy was given twice a week. In the TENS group, SDZ-Ⅱ B type electric acupuncture apparatus was used to stimulate Lieque (LU 7) and Zusanli (ST 36), once a day. In the NRT group, the nicotine patch was used on the chest, back and the upper arms of the subjects, once a day. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks as one course in every group. Afterwards, the 16-week follow-up was conducted. The time-point withdrawal rate was evaluated by the level of urine cotinine in 8 weeks of treatment and in the follow-up in the subjects of 5 groups. The persistent withdrawal rate was evaluated by the self-report of the subjects in 8 weeks of treatment as well as in the follow-up in the 5 groups. The withdrawal effect, the score of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and the score of the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) were compared among the groups. Twenty indexes were selected as the potential influence factors, the 72 h withdrawal rate based on the level of urine cotinine in 8 weeks of treatment and in the follow-up was taken as the dependent variable. Using the two categories of Logistic regression analysis, the influence factors of therapeutic effect of acupuncture were screened for smoking cessation.@*RESULTS@#After 8 weeks of treatment, the time-point withdrawal rate in the subjects among the groups was NRT group > acupuncture plus auricular therapy group > auricular therapy group > acupuncture group > TENS group. In the follow-up, the time-point withdrawal rate was acupuncture plus auricular therapy group > NRT group > acupuncture group > TENS group > auricular therapy group, but without statistical significance in comparison (>0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the persistent withdrawal rate in the subjects among the groups was auricular therapy group > TENS group > acupuncture group > acupuncture plus auricular therapy group > NRT group. In the follow-up visit, the persistent withdrawal rate was auricular therapy group > TENS group > acupuncture plus auricular therapy group > acupuncture group > NRT group. The result in the auricular therapy group was better than all of the other 4 groups (0.05). The regression analysis showed that the factors, i.e. nationality, educational background, drinking frequency, pre-treatment FTND score, pre-treatment HSI score and smoking cessation for physical reason in family, were correlated significantly with the withdrawal result after 8-week treatment (<0.05). The factors, i.e. education background, smoking age, pre-treatment FTND score and different therapeutic methods, were correlated significantly with the withdrawal result in the follow-up (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with auricular therapy effectively reduce nicotine dependence and smoking intensity and relieve withdrawal symptoms. There are many factors that affect the withdrawal effect in smoking cessation. Hence, the influence factors in smoking cessation with acupuncture should be clearly determined so as to develop the individual regimen for smoking cessation and improve the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on smoking cessation.

Progress on the research of acupuncture for smoking cessation in foreign and domestic / 中国针灸

Up to December of 2011, the domestic and overseas literatures of acupuncture for smoking cessation are searched and collected through Pubmed, CNKI, Wanfang and Chongqing VIP databases, which are analyzed from treatment method, action mechanism, influencing factors of efficacy and efficacy evaluation research and so on. The result shows that (1) acupuncture has positive effect on smoking cessation, and large clinical trials has been carried out. However, most of them are needling methods and the short-term effect observation, which lack of long-term efficacy research of withdrawal symptoms, especially continuous withdrawal symptoms and index of life quality. (2) Because of unified clinical treatment, manipulation standard and curative effect criteria, it is difficult to make comparison among them. (3) The study of mechanism on acupuncture for smoking cessation is not of in-depth. In future, clinical research project of acupuncture on smoking cessation should be optimized and regulated, including the unified treatment, manipulation standard and curative effect criteria, also long-term researches with large-scale samples should be launched to confirm effect ofacupuncture for smoking cessation to further discuss its action mechanism.

Impacts of bleeding and cupping therapy on serum P substance in patients of postherpetic neuralgia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of bleeding and cupping therapy on postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and preliminarily discuss the analgesic mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four cases of PHN were randomized into two groups, 32 cases in each one. In the bleeding and cupping group, the local pricking with syringe needle and cupping was applied in the local painful area, once every two days. And totally 8 treatments were required. In the pregabalin group, pregabalin was prescribed for oral administration, 150mg/time, twice a day. And totally 16 days of medication were required. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the changes of P substance content in the peripheral and local serum before and after treatment were observed in the two groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VAS score and peripheral serum P substance after treatment were lower significantly than those before treatment in the two groups (all P<0.01). The result in the bleeding and cupping group was much more significant (P<0.01). The local serum P substance after treatment was reduced significantly than that before treatment in the bleeding and cupping group [(93.86 +/- 9.87) pg/mL vs (46.13 +/- 6.31) pg/mL, P<0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bleeding and cupping therapy achieves the definite efficacy on PHN and it can reduce significantly peripheral and local serum P substance content in the patients. It is possibly one of the mechanisms of analgesic effect.</p>

Effect of aconiti lateralis radix praeparata and taraxaci herba on Chinese medicine signs and symptoms of urethane-induced lung cancer in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study Chinese medicine (CM) signs and symptoms of urethane-induced lung cancer in mice, and observe the effect of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Taraxaci Herba on symptoms in mice and tumor progress.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mice were intraperitoneally injected with urethane twice a week for consecutively five weeks to establish a lung cancer model. The changes in their appearance, body temperature and auricle microcirculation were observed in carcinogenic process. CM signs and symptoms of urethane-induced lung cancer in mice were evaluated with energy metabolism, erythrocytic ATP emzymatic activity and hemorrheological index. During the tumor model was induced, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Taraxaci Herba were used to treat the mice and observe their effect on symptoms in mice and tumor progress.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>During urethane was used to induce lung cancer, the mice had gradually become chill, lazy, hunched, with reduction in temperature, cyanosis in auricle and tail. Meanwhile, their energy metabolism and erythrocytic ATP enzymatic activity reduced, whereas their whole blood viscosity and erythrocytic aggregate index increased. Taraxaci Herba showed an effect on enhancing above symptoms and signs but had no effect on tumor progress. Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata showed an effect on reducing above symptoms and signs and preventing tumor progress.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mice with urethane-induced lung cancer show CM signs and symptoms of congealing cold with blood stasis. The treatment with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata can alleviate symptoms and signs in mice and prevent tumor progress.</p>

Analysis of the nominations of acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity / 中国针灸

The definition of intangible cultural heritage and the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is discussed. Nominations of elements should be prepared in accordence with the Guidelines provided in each section. The explaination methods and the determining process of the Nominations for Acupuncture and Moxibustion on the Representative List are analyzed, such as the name of the element, characteristics, identification and definition, value and safeguarding measures, photos and video of the element. The Nominations should be prepared according to the Convention and Guidelines closedly and focus on discussing the cultural, the content, the communities and individuals, safeguarding measures of element.

Great master of TCM CHENG Xin-nong 's three key points of acupuncture clinical experience / 中国针灸

Professor CHENG Xin-nong has practiced in medicine for over 70 years and gained profound clinical experience. He points out that these rules below should be obeyed to improve the efficacy of acupuncture. Firstly, the diseases should be diagnosed basing on meridians order and meridian syndrome differentiation while acupoints should be chosen and adjuncted according to their main medical functions. Secondly, the three Cai inserting method should be flexibly applied on different patients, by adjusting the needling depth and manipulation to reinforce the deficiency and reduce the excess. Thirdly, the arrival of qi is a key point and such methods as the retaining of needles, electroacupuncture and moxibustion should be cointegrated used.

Study and prospects for clinical diseases treated with scraping therapy / 中国针灸

In order to explore characteristics of clinical diseases treated by scraping therapy, summarize laws of clinical application of scraping therapy, and prospect for research direction of scraping therapy in future, collect 437 articles about scraping therapy between 1994-2007 and analyze and summarize the treated diseases and methods of scraping therapy. Results indicate that scraping therapy has been widely applied to commonly encountered diseases and frequently encountered diseases in departments of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, etc. with more obvious therapeutic effects. Clinically, it can combine with acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, massage, blood-letting puncture and other methods. In future, the studies on standardization of manipulation and standards for assessment of therapeutic effect, suitable diseases and the mechanisms of scraping therapy, and development of tools and media, etc. of scraping therapy should be strengthened.

Brief talk about the main cultural quintessence and diagnostic and therapeutic techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion protection / 中国针灸

Acupuncture and moxibustion are a distinctive therapy created by ancient working people of our country, with a long history. Medical practices of long-term form the theories about channels and collaterals, acupoints and indications of acupoints and produce a series of therapeutic methods, such as Ziwu Liuzhu method, filiform needle needling method, moxibustion, scrapping therapy, cupping therapy and Qigong therapy. These distinctive traditional therapeutic ways play great roles in prevention and treatment of diseases in the Chinese nation. The authors expound culture concept and origins of history culture, and facing problems and challenge of above-mentioned theories and therapeutic methods and hold that main culture quintessence and diagnostic and therapeutic techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion very need to be inherited, protected and further sorted out and studied.