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1.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 35(4(Special)): 1261-1267, 2022 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36218105

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to purify the phytoconstituents and to explore the antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic potential of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of aerial and root parts of Trigonella polycerata. The phytochemical study on methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant led to the isolation and purification of seven compounds that were identified as 3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde, Trigocoumarin, 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin, Penduletin, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4´-tetramethoxyflavone, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6,4-dimethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyflavone. These structures were elucidated by interpretation of EI-MS and NMR spectral data. The plant aerial parts methanol extract (TPAM) demonstrated higher antibacterial (78.99%), phytotoxic (85% growth regulation at 1000µg/mL) and cytotoxic activities (LD50: 45.643µg/mL). While the methanol root extract (TPRM) was highly active against bacteria's; Salmonella typhi (71.56%), Staphylococcus aureus (70.15%), Escherichia coli (69%), fungi like Candida albicans (70.21%) and moderately active against Brine shrimp larvae (LD50: 125.663µg/mL). The dichloromethane aerial (TPAD) and root (TPRD) extracts exhibited significant antibacterial (78.03% and 50.21% inhibitions respectively) and phytotoxic (55% growth regulation at 1000µg/mL) potential. Only TPAD indicated the best inhibition against fungi; Aspergillus flavus (75.31%) and moderate inhibition against Microsporum canis (42.21%). This phytochemical and biological work is the first time reported in Trigonella polycerata.


Asunto(s)
Trigonella , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Antifúngicos/química , Metanol , Cloruro de Metileno/análisis , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad
2.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 35(2): 465-471, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35642401

RESUMEN

We investigated the protective effect of fractions and essential oil from Berberis calliobotrys on H2O2 induced oxidative damage on pBR322 DNA. The crude plant material was extracted using 90% methanolic and liquid-liquid fractionation was accomplished. The essential oil analysis was performed using GC/MS. The FRAP and DPPH assays were performed to determine antioxidant activity. The DNA protection assay was performed using plasmid pBR 322 DNA. The essential oil analysis indicated presence of germacrene D (9.26%), stearic acid (7.50%), methyl tetradecanoate (6.36%) α-thujene (5.71%) and α-muurolol (5.30%) methyl eugenol (5.17%). In vitro analysis showed significant antioxidant activity of all tested extracts and essential oil. The extract showed significant effects at (1000 µg/mL) on pBR322 DNA. Finally it was concluded that Berberis calliobotrys possesses signifgant protective on effects pBR322 DNA and RBC cellular membrane.


Asunto(s)
Berberis , Aceites Volátiles , Antioxidantes/química , ADN , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología
3.
Life (Basel) ; 12(2)2022 Feb 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35207608

RESUMEN

Euphorbia nivulia-Ham (EN) is a neglected medicinal plant traditionally used for a number of pathologies, but it has not been explored scientifically. In the current study, its various fractions were assessed for their phenolic and flavonoid content, radical scavenging, as well as its enzyme inhibitory potential. The hydro-alcoholic crude extract (ENCr) was subjected to a fractionation scheme to obtain different fractions, namely n-hexane (ENHF), chloroform (ENCF), n-butanol (ENBF), and aqueous fraction (ENAF). The obtained results revealed that the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, maximum radical scavenging potential (91 ± 0.55%), urease inhibition (54.36 ± 1.47%), and α-glucosidase inhibition (97.84 ± 1.87%) were exhibited by ENCr, while the ENBF fraction exhibited the highest acetylcholinestrase inhibition (57.32 ± 0.43%). Contrary to these, hydro-alcoholic crude as well as the other fractions showed no significant butyrylcholinestrases (BChE) and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity. Conclusively, it was found that EN possesses a significant radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory potential. Thus, the study may be regarded a step forward towards evidence-based phyto-medicine.

4.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 34(2(Supplementary)): 723-729, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34275807

RESUMEN

There is a long history of natural products for the treatment of infections and diseases. The objective of present study was to investigate the organoleptic, microscopic, physico-chemical, phytochemical, antidiarrheal and antidiabetic potential of leaf, flowering bud and stem bark of Moringa oleifera L. Macroscopic, microscopic, physico-chemical parameters and phytochemical screening were carried out. Diarrhea was induced with castor oil (10ml/kg), verapamil (3, 10 and 30mg/kg) were used as standard antidiarrheal drug and extract of Moringa oleifera at (100, 300 and 1000mg/kg) was used for treatment. Alpha glucosidase inhibitory assay was carried out by using acarbose (0.5mM) and extracts (5.0 mg/Ml). Diabetes was induced by alloxan (150mg/kg), while glibenclamide (10mg/kg) was used as standard drug, and extracts (at the doses of 500mg/kg) were used to determine the antidiabetic activity. Results showed the presence of primary and secondary metabolites, treatment at the dose of 1.0g/kg of leaf, flowering bud and stem bark showed 94 ±2.527, 85.42±5.460 and 84.58±6.138% protection respectively whereas verapamil (10mg/kg) showed 94.84±3.27% protection. Alpha glucosidase inhibition of stem bark (0.5mg/ml) was 95.43±1.47 and flowering bud 94.78±1.25 whereas acarbose (5mM) inhibition was 92.23±0.14%. Stem bark and flowering bud extract (500mg/kg) decreases the blood glucose level from 388.5±35.83 to 226.3±47.10 and 322.5±48.35 to 173.8±29.5 respectively whereas glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) decreases the blood glucose level from 320.7±22.9 to 146.3±17.7 and increases the body weight of the experimental animal. It was concluded from the results that stem bark has strong antidiabetic potential while leaves of the plant have promising antidiarrheal effect.


Asunto(s)
Antidiarreicos/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Moringa oleifera/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Antidiarreicos/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Flores/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Corteza de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/química
5.
Inflammopharmacology ; 29(3): 789-800, 2021 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34061285

RESUMEN

Sesuvium sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and gout The aim of present study was to assess the possible anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of the methanol extract of Sesuvium sesuvioides (SsCr) to prove scientifically its folklore use in the inflammatory diseases and to screen its total antioxidant capacity by multiple methods and phytocompounds by GC-MS. The preliminary phytochemical studies showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, coumarin, terpenoids, saponins, fats and carbohydrates in crude extract. The total phenolic contents (27.31 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (3.58 ± 0.12 mgRE/g) values were observed. The antioxidant capacity of SsCr showed significant DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PBD and metal chelating results. GC-MS analysis displayed the phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory potentials such as 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, vanillin, umbelliferone, methyl ferulate, palmitoleic acid, methyl palmitate and phytol. SsCr presented noteworthy HRBC membrane stability with maximum inhibition of cell hemolysis (47.79%). In carrageenan-induced hind paw edema assay result showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory action. SsCr presented significant (p < 0.05) analgesic activity in hot-plate and tail flicking tests similarly it also showed the noteworthy inhibition in pain latency against formalin induced analgesia at 1st and 2nd phases. SsCr reduced the acetic acid-induced writhes at different doses (250, 500 and 750 mg). Results of antipyretic activity of SsCr extract were significant at 500 and 750 mg. The results of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies verified the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of Sesuvium sesuvioides and supported the folklore uses of this plant.


Asunto(s)
Aizoaceae , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antipiréticos/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antipiréticos/química , Antipiréticos/aislamiento & purificación , Carragenina/toxicidad , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Femenino , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/uso terapéutico , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
6.
PLoS One ; 16(4): e0250118, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33930032

RESUMEN

Many phytochemicals can affect the growth and development of plants and insects which can be used as biological control agents. In this study, different concentrations of crude, hexane, chloroform, butanol, and aqueous extracts of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham., an endemic plant of the Cholistan desert in South Punjab of Pakistan, were analysed for their chemical constituents. Their various concentrations were also tested for their phytotoxic and insecticidal potential against duckweed, Lemna minor L., and the dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa. various polyphenols, i.e., quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid were detected in different concentrations with different solvents during the phytochemical screening of E. nivulia. In the phytotoxicity test, except for 100 µg/mL of the butanol extract gave 4.5% growth regulation, no phytotoxic lethality could be found at 10 and 100 µg/mL of all the extracts. The highest concentration, 1000 µg/mL, of the chloroform, crude, and butanol extracts showed 100, 63.1, and 27.1% of growth inhibition in duckweed, respectively. In the insecticidal bioassay, the highest O. hyalinipennis mortalities (87 and 75%) were recorded at 15% concentration of the chloroform and butanol extracts of E. nivulia. In contrast, the lower concentrations of the E. nivulia extracts caused the lower mortalities. Altogether, these findings revealed that E. nivulia chloroform extracts showed significant phytotoxicity while all the extracts showed insecticidal potential. This potential can be, further, refined to be developed for bio-control agents.


Asunto(s)
Euphorbia/química , Euphorbia/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Alcaloides , Animales , Araceae/efectos de los fármacos , Araceae/metabolismo , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Euphorbia/fisiología , Hemípteros/efectos de los fármacos , Heterópteros/efectos de los fármacos , Hexanos , Insecticidas/farmacología , Pakistán , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo
7.
Dose Response ; 18(3): 1559325820939429, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32684873

RESUMEN

In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of Euphorbia nivulia (En), native to Cholistan Desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. First, we performed high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and found that this plant contains ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, benzoic acid, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Then, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to assess its effects on diabetic Wistar rat model. The experiments were performed and compared with control drug glibenclamide. The 70% hydroalcoholic extract of En exhibited 97.8% in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory effect at a dose of 1.0 mg/mL. We orally administered the extract of En and control drug to the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and analyzed its antidiabetic effects. We found that the extract of En with a dose of 500 mg/kg/body weight exhibited significant effect to reduce blood glucose in STZ-induced rats as compared with the control group (P < .001). Our histological data also showed that the extract significantly improved the histopathology of pancreas. Collectively, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that En possesses α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-hyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

8.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2020: 7087921, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32566096

RESUMEN

The widespread adaptation of a new generation of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) unveils a superlative effect in the eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, this therapy has been reported to exhibit vigorous side effects that pose a risk in fleet recovery. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of DAAs: sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV), along with black cumin (BLC) and ascorbate (ASC), as adjuvants on hematological parameters; oxidative stress markers such as total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione (GSH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA); liver function markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and viral load with determined genotypes. HCV-infected patients (n = 30) were randomly divided into two equal groups: control group (n = 15) and treatment group (n = 15). The control group was subjected only to SOF and RBV (400 mg each/day). Synergistically, the treatment group was administered with adjuvant therapy of BLC (250 mg/day) and ASC (1000 mg/day) along with DAAs (400 mg each/day) for 8 weeks. All selected patients were subjected to sampling at pre- and posttreatment stages for the assessment of defined parameters. The data revealed that the BLC/ASC adjuvant therapy boosted the efficacy of DAAs by reducing the elevated levels of liver markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P > 0.05). The adjuvant therapy synchronously showed an ameliorating effect on hematological parameters. The SOF/RBV with adjuvant therapy also demonstrated an increasing effect in the activity of SOD, TAS, and GSH and a decreasing effect for GSSG, GGT, and malondialdehyde (MDA; P > 0.05) followed by curtailing a RT-PCR-quantified viral load. Our findings provide evidence that systemic administration of BLC/ASC efficiently alleviates hematological, serological, and antioxidant markers as well as the viral load in hepatitis C patients. This highlights a potentially novel role of BLC and ASC in palliating hepatitis C.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Nigella sativa/química , Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glutatión/sangre , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C Crónica/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/fisiopatología , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ribavirina/uso terapéutico , Sofosbuvir/uso terapéutico , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangre
9.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 33(5(Special)): 2461-2469, 2020 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33832891

RESUMEN

Euphorbia nivulia a locally occurring plant species possesses antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and is ethnopharmacologically used in various ailments like skin, ear disorders, boils, and worm infestation. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids, polyphenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and triterpenoids in (70% aqueous-ethanolic) Euphorbia nivulia crude extract (En cr) and its four fractions, i.e., hexane fraction (En hex), butanol fraction (En bt), chloroform fraction (En ch), and aqueous fraction (En aq). In current study, Agar well diffusion and time-kill kinetic assays were performed for antimicrobial activity. 300 mg/ml concentration showed maximum inhibitory zone. Highest zone of inhibition (15.5mm) was demonstrated by En ch fraction against Proteus mirabilis. Staphyllococcus aureus was the most sensitive bacteria against whom all fractions except En aq fraction were active. Maximum MIC (15.3 mg/ml) was shown by En ch fraction against Proteus mirabilis. Similarly, En ch fraction showed (15.1 mg/ml) remarkable MIC against Candida albicans. Significant higher antibacterial and antifungal activity was revealed in high concentration. Time-kill kinetics studies revealed bacteriostatic action. Noteworthy antimicrobial activity may be due to bioactive compounds of extract which may be a potential antibacterial and antifungal agent.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Euphorbia , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergillus/efectos de los fármacos , Aspergillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Euphorbia/química , Hongos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cinética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteus mirabilis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo
10.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 32(3): 1111-1119, 2019 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31278728

RESUMEN

Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. (Euphorbiaceae) is commonly known as Indian Spurge Tree in English, and "Saj Thor" or "Jhanami booti" in local language. The plant is used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases like inflammation, fever, worm infection, asthma, cough, wounds and diabetes. In current study fresh as well as dried aerial parts of the plant and cut sections were examined, both macroscopically and microscopically. The study also deals with fluorescence analysis and phytochemical characteristics and other WHO recommended methods for standardization. WHO guidelines on quality control for medicinal plants materials were used for pharmacognostical evaluation of E. nivulia, phytochemical screening helps in determining the predominant classes of active constituents responsible for the activity. The present work will be helpful in identification of the fresh and dried samples of aerial parts pharmacognostically and anatomically. These studies will serve as a reference for correct identification and may be helpful in checking any type of adulteration. These observations will also help in differentiating this species from closely related species of the same genus and family.


Asunto(s)
Euphorbia/química , Euphorbia/fisiología , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Euphorbia/citología , Flores/química , Flores/citología , Flores/fisiología , Células del Mesófilo , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/citología , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Tallos de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/citología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Plantas Medicinales/citología , Plantas Medicinales/fisiología , Polvos/química
11.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 17(1): 387, 2017 Aug 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28778156

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Herbology is the prevailing system among the nationally-accepted alternative or complementary systems of medicine. The system is due to its general and patient-oriented methodology, is widely used in the general population exposing them to the risk of the side effects of the herbal medicines. METHOD: The aim of study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the polyherbal formulation Hab-e-Kabad Noshadri tablets. In the acute arm of the study, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered to Swiss Albino mice which were observed for physical symptoms and behavioral changes for 72 h. In sub-acute toxicity study repeated doses of the polyherbal preparation was administered to Wistar rats of both genders, separately. The animals received three doses of polyherbal product (50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day) for a period of 28 days. On 28th day of experiment, blood sampling of animals was done for hematological and biochemical analysis i.e. liver and renal function parameters, lipid profile and then sacrificed for histopathological examination of liver and kidney. RESULT: There was no morbidity and mortality noticed with single dose administration in acute toxicity study in mice. In sub-acute toxicity study, morphological changes with some damage in liver and kidney tissues of male and female animals were recorded at dose of 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that prolonged use at higher dose i.e. 200 mg/kg/day of this polyherbal formulation should be avoided and practitioners should cautiously prescribe this formulation in patients with hepatic and renal impairment.


Asunto(s)
Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Magnoliopsida , Fitoterapia/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Plantas Medicinales , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Medicina de Hierbas , Masculino , Ratones , Pakistán , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
12.
Microb Pathog ; 107: 404-408, 2017 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28389347

RESUMEN

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important bacterium, causing severe respiratory infection, and arthritis in dairy animals worldwide. This study is based on 50 suckling calves among which 15 showed respiratory distress, lameness and swollen joints and died later. M. bovis was isolated and identified from all dead (n = 15) and live (17.14%; 06 out of 35) calves on the basis of bacteriological examination. In morbid calves, the carpus and stifle joints were severely affected, while necropsy revealed multiple well-circumscribed calcified abscesses and caseous exudates in cranio-ventral and diaphragmatic lobes of lungs. Suppurative polyarthritis, fibrino-suppurative, teno-synovitis and otitis media were the common and striking lesion observed at postmortem examination. Histopathological examination revealed broncho-interstitial pneumonia and necrotic fibrino-purulent broncho-pneumonia in lungs. Similarly, synovial membranes and joints revealed presence of multiple foci of liquefactive necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and peripheral fibroplasia. In the bacteriological investigations, the characteristic fried egg colonies of M. bovis further confirmed this infection in all suspected cases. In conclusion, the current clinico-histo-pathological features are the depictive picture, and is the first report of M. bovis infection in calves in Pakistan.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/microbiología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/patología , Mycoplasma bovis/patogenicidad , Absceso/patología , Animales , Artritis/microbiología , Artritis/patología , Artritis Infecciosa , Autopsia , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/mortalidad , Cojera Animal , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Mortalidad , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/mortalidad , Mycoplasma bovis/aislamiento & purificación , Otitis Media Supurativa/microbiología , Otitis Media Supurativa/patología , Neumonía Bacteriana , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/microbiología , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/patología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/patología , Sinovitis/microbiología , Sinovitis/patología
13.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci ; 30(5): 690-699, 2017 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28111438

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance, immune status, organs weights, and microarchitecture of lymphoid organs and small intestine. METHODS: A total of 120, 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into the following four treatment groups: corn-soy based basal diet (BD) without supplement (control), or the same BD supplemented with 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 0.5 g/kg SB (SB-0.5), or 1.0 g/kg SB (SB-1), respectively. Six birds/group were killed on d-21 and d-35, and samples were collected. RESULTS: Cell-mediated immune response at 48 h post-Phytohemagglutinin-P injection, and antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine and sheep red blood cells on d-35 was noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 compared to ZnB and control. Lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was attained by the supplemented groups. Thymus and spleen weighed more (p<0.05) in SB-1, and bursa registered more (p<0.05) weight in both SB groups compared to control. On d-21, areas of thymus medulla and spleen germinal centers were noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 group. The villus height and villus surface area increased (p<0.05) in duodenum and jejunum in both SB groups on d-21, and in SB-1 on d-35, respectively compared to ZnB and control. On d-21, number of goblet cells containing mucins of acidic nature increased (p<0.05) in all the segments of small intestines in SB-1 group compared to control, and on d-35 in ileum compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, SB improved growth performance and immunity as well as modulated morphology of lymphoid organs and gut mucosa in broiler chickens.

14.
Chemosphere ; 168: 590-598, 2017 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27839886

RESUMEN

Degradation and detoxification of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) was carried out by advanced oxidation processes (UV/TiO2/H2O2 and gamma radiation/H2O2). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent variables. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using Allium cepa, brime shrimp and haemolytic assays; whereas mutagenicity was tested by Ames tests (TA98 and TA100 strains). Maximum reductions in COD and BOD were recorded as 78% and 87% for UV/TiO2/H2O2 and 77% and 86% for gamma ray/H2O2, respectively. Treatments with both methods at optimized conditions reduced the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of PRW, however, UV/TiO2/H2O2 system was found slightly efficient as compared to gamma ray/H2O2. From the results, it can be concluded that AOP's can successfully be utilized for the degradation of toxic pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewater. Moreover, the bioassays used in this study offered a good reliability for checking the detoxification of treated and un-treated PRW wastewater.


Asunto(s)
Mutágenos/toxicidad , Petróleo/toxicidad , Rayos Ultravioleta , Aguas Residuales/toxicidad , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Animales , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Bioensayo , Catálisis , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Mutágenos/efectos de la radiación , Cebollas/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidación-Reducción , Petróleo/efectos de la radiación , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ovinos , Titanio/química
15.
Case Rep Gastrointest Med ; 2016: 2861086, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27042366

RESUMEN

Gastric and duodenal pseudomelanosis is a rare endoscopic mucosal finding, characterized by the accumulation of iron in macrophages of the lamina propria of the stomach and duodenum. The clinical significance and long term sequelae have not been clarified yet. However, this benign condition is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, such as essential hypertension, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, long term intake of iron supplements, and furosemide. Duodenal pseudomelanosis appears to be more common than gastric pseudomelanosis given the fact that a few cases of gastric pseudomelanosis have been reported in the literature so far. We report a case of 88-year-old lady with ESRD who is maintained on hemodialysis and presented with abdominal pain. An upper GI endoscopy showed discoloration of the antrum of the stomach and most portion of her duodenum. Histopathology report confirmed the presence of iron laden macrophages in the lamina propria of both stomach and duodenum.

16.
Vet Parasitol ; 186(3-4): 431-6, 2012 May 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22305296

RESUMEN

The anti-tick efficacy of combined aqueous herbal extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves, Nicotiana tabacum leaves, Calotropis procera flowers and Trachyspermum ammi seeds was evaluated using adult immersion test, larval packet test and ear bag method. The extract exhibited lethal effects on egg laying (index of egg laying=0.371404±0.00435), hatching (22.35%) and total larval mortality at 50 mg ml(-1) and reduced tick intensity on the infested calves (18 detached out of 35 at 45% (w/w) suspension, topically applied). The herbal extract exerted dose- and time-dependent response against all the developmental stages of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus considered in this study, thus justified their use in the traditional system of Pakistan.


Asunto(s)
Acaricidas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Rhipicephalus/efectos de los fármacos , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Acaricidas/química , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Femenino , Larva , Extractos Vegetales/química , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/prevención & control
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