RESUMEN
Controlled-release delivery systems have been widely used to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of pesticides and minimize environmental risks. Herein, a fungicide carbendazim (CBZ)-loaded, a kind of nanovalve including trimethylammoniumpillar[5]arene (AP5), and methyl orange (MO)-functionalized mesoporous selenium (MSe) nanopesticides (CBZ@AP5/MSeâMO) were prepared. The nanovalve endowed CBZ@AP5/MSeâMO with a pH-responsive property, so the CBZ@AP5/MSeâMO can respond to the microenvironment of the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum). First, MO was shed due to protonation, and AP5-functionalized MSe gradually dissolved in an acid environment. Finally, CBZ was released rapidly. It is reported that AP5 and MO as the host and guest functionalized mesoporous selenium (MSe) have never been applied to agriculture. In vitro release experiments showed that the cumulative release rate of CBZ at pH 4.5 was 1.74 times higher than that in a neutral environment. In addition, we found that the contact angle of the CBZ@AP5/MSeâMO in maize and rape leaves was effectively decreased, which could retain more in the leaves after washout. It can also decrease the dry biomass and the reducing sugar of S.sclerotiorum. The CBZ@AP5/MSeâMO holds a good safety profile for plants, animal cells, and the environment owing to the targeted release properties. These results suggest that CBZ@AP5/MSeâMO is an environmentally friendly and effective drug-loaded system against S. sclerotiorum. It provides a new strategy for the design and development of nanopesticides and the control of S. sclerotiorum.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos , Selenio , Animales , Selenio/química , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
The present study was performed to determine the effects of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on intestinal -histopathology, innate immune response and changes in antioxidant capacity of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). A series of histopathological changes, innate immune enzyme activities, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the corresponding mRNA relative genes expressions in intestines were measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila (1â107 CFU mL-1) infection. The results showed that Aeromonas hydrophila induced changes in intestinal morphology, including the decreased muscularis thickness, the proliferated goblet cells, and the atrophied intestine villi height. Moreover, the innate immune enzymes activities in serum such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme activities and immunoglobulin M were significantly reduced after infection at 1week, 2week and 3week. The contents of complement 3 and complement 4 were significantly decreased after infection as well. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased after infection at 1week, 2week and 3week. Furthermore, the mRNA relative expressions of the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins-1ß, interferon-γ, and interleukins-6 were significantly increased after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. The TJ-related gene expressions in the intestine of zonula occluden-1, occludin, occludin-1, occludin-2 were significantly reduced throughout the infection period. The mRNA relative expressions of signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 and janus kinase-3 in the intestine were significantly ascended compared with the non-infected group. Overall, the results elucidated that the intestine tissue injury and innate immune response reduction, as well as antioxidant capacity attenuation were occurred against Aeromonas hydrophila infection of the blunt snout bream.
Asunto(s)
Cyprinidae , Cipriniformes , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas , Aeromonas hydrophila/fisiología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cyprinidae/genética , Cipriniformes/genética , Suplementos Dietéticos , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Inmunidad Innata , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Intestinos , Ocludina/metabolismo , Ocludina/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/metabolismoRESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. Repairing damaged nerves and promoting nerve regeneration are key ways to relieve AD symptoms. However, due to the lack of effective strategies to deliver nerve growth factor (NGF) to the brain, achieving neuron regeneration is a major challenge for curing AD. Herein, a ROS-responsive ruthenium nanoplatform (R@NGF-Se-Se-Ru) drug delivery system for AD management by promoting neuron regeneration and Aß clearance was investigated. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, nanoclusters have good photothermal properties, which can effectively inhibit the aggregation of Aß and disaggregate Aß fibrils. Interestingly, the diselenide bond in the nanoclusters is broken, and the nanoclusters are degraded into small ruthenium nanoparticles in the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) environment of the diseased area. Besides, NGF can promote neuronal regeneration and repair damaged nerves. Furthermore, R@NGF-Se-Se-Ru efficiently crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) owing to the covalently grafted target peptides of RVG (R). In vivo studies demonstrate that R@NGF-Se-Se-Ru nanoclusters decrease Aß deposits, inhibit Aß-induced cytotoxicity, and promote neurite outgrowth. The study confirms that promoting both Aß clearance and neuron regeneration is an important therapeutic target for anti-AD drugs and provides a novel insight for AD therapy.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanoestructuras/química , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/metabolismo , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/química , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/farmacología , Regeneración Nerviosa/efectos de los fármacos , Proyección Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Rutenio/química , Selenio/químicaRESUMEN
At present, the complex pathogenesis, the difficult-to-overcome blood-brain barrier (BBB), the development of the disease course which cannot be prevented, and other problems are serious challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs through BBB, we synthesized simple and easy-to-obtain selenium quantum dots (SeQDs), with a multitarget therapeutic effect. This new type of SeQDs has an ultrasmall size and can quickly penetrate the BBB. According to the fluorescence characteristics of SeQDs, we can diagnose and track AD. The experimental results show that SeQDs have strong free-radical scavenging activity, protect cells from oxidative stress induced by different stimuli, and show broad-spectrum antioxidant activity. The SeQDs can not only effectively inhibit Aß aggregation and significantly reduce Aß-mediated cytotoxicity, thus preventing AD cascade reaction, but also effectively reduce tau protein phosphorylation by down-regulating PHF1 and CP13 and further reduce oxidative stress, restore mitochondrial functions, and maintain nerve cell stability and protect nerve cells from oxidative stress. In vivo studies demonstrate that SeQDs can continuously accumulate in the brain after rapid passage of BBB and can quickly alleviate AD, significantly improve the memory impairment of AD mice, and improve their learning and memory ability. Therefore, the use of SeQDs in the treatment of AD has great advantages compared with traditional single-target drugs and provides a new direction for the combination of prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos Cuánticos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/fisiología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamación/etiología , Masculino , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/metabolismo , Prueba de Campo Abierto/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Multimerización de Proteína/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/metabolismo , Selenio/química , Selenio/metabolismo , Selenio/uso terapéutico , Proteínas tau/metabolismoRESUMEN
Both the crude oil removal efficiency of the Eichhornia crassipes dried straw-immobilized bacterial consortium and shifts in soil bacterial community in response to the bioaugmentation strategy were unmasked in this study. After 30 days of bioremediation, total petroleum hydrocarbon in soil was determined and immobilized consortium showed a removal percentage (51.7%) better than either Eichhornia crassipes dried powder (37.0%) or bacteria solution (36.0%) alone. Bacterial community and soil properties analyses demonstrated that the relative abundances of Cytophagales and Rhizobiales increased with increasing total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents because of the addition of Eichhornia crassipes dried powder. The genus Burkholderia which may play a key role in hydrocarbon degradation among the inoculated bacterial consortium proliferated when immobilized on the Eichhornia crassipes dried powder. Such a cell immobilization technology using plant residue materials as carriers helps to improve soil fertility and mitigate competition between indigenous and inoculated microorganisms for nutrients, which offers a promising way to enhance the removal of crude oil from contaminated soils.
Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Consorcios Microbianos , Petróleo/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos/metabolismo , Nitrógeno , Contaminación por Petróleo , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of defined co-culture of indigenous bacterial consortium and exogenous fungus Scedosporium boydii for biodegradation of crude oil. After 7â¯days of incubation, residual oil, n-alkanes and aromatic fraction were analyzed. The degradation rate of crude oil was increased from 61.06% to 81.45% by the defined co-culture according to the 3:1 inoculation ratio of bacteria to fungi. The microbial activity was enhanced markedly and the formation of biofilms was accelerated after suitable inoculation of Scedosporium boydii. High throughput analysis showed that bacterial evenness and diversity were increased and the relative abundance of Paraburkholderia tropica was increased observably from 7.67% to 56.13% in the defined co-culture. These results indicated that synergistic degradation of crude oil in the bacteria-fungi consortium may be advantageous for bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated site.
Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Petróleo/metabolismo , Scedosporium , Bacterias , HongosRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to study biodegradation of crude oil by defined co-cultures of indigenous bacterial consortium and exogenous Bacillus subtilis. Through residual oil analysis, it is apparent that the defined co-culture displayed a degradation ratio (85.01%) superior to indigenous bacterial consortium (71.32%) after 7days of incubation when ratio of inoculation size of indigenous bacterial consortium and Bacillus subtilis was 2:1. Long-chain n-alkanes could be degraded markedly by Bacillus subtilis. Result analysis of the bacterial community showed that a decrease in bacterial diversity in the defined co-culture and the enrichment of Burkholderiales order (98.1%) degrading hydrocarbons. The research results revealed that the promising potential of the defined co-culture for application to degradation of crude oil.