Research progress on the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora metabolites on mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells and the traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 药学学报

It was found that intestinal flora could directly regulate mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through the nucleus. This effect is associated with the flora metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). These metabolites are involved in mitochondria-related energy metabolic processes and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and even in the immune response of the whole organism. Numerous studies have also shown that intestinal flora metabolites and mitochondria have become a hot spot for research on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine, but the research on the mechanism of association between them is not yet in-depth. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of mitochondrial regulation of intestinal epithelial cells by intestinal flora metabolites and herbal interventions to provide a theoretical basis for targeting intestinal microbes and mitochondria to regulate body metabolism and health.

Optimization of determination methods of astragaloside Ⅳ and analysis of contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in different origin and grade / 中国中药杂志

A rapid and accurate method for determination of astragaloside Ⅳ was established,which was further applied to determine the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in 87 batches of different origin and different grade of Astragali Radix. The ROC curve was used to analyze the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in different origin. Simultaneous contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in different grade were compared with chemometrics. HPLC-ELSD method was used to determine the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ. A Vensil MP C18 column( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-water( 32 ∶68) as the mobile phase at a flow rateof 1 m L·min-1. The column temperature was 25 ℃ with ELSD parameters as follows: gas flow rate was 2. 5 L·min-1,the drift tube heating temperature was set to 105 ℃,and the gain value was 4. 0. The optimized method avoided the problem that the consumable quality unstable and the recovery rate was not high. The contents determined by the optimized method were higher than the pharmacopoeia method,with less time and high recovery rate. The ROC curve analysis showed that there was no significant difference of contents of astragaloside Ⅳ between the top grade of Shanxi wild-simulated Astragali Radix top and the first grade of Gansu cultivated Astragali Radix. The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in the second,third and fourth grade of Shanxi wild-simulated Astragali Radix was significantly higher than those of produced from Gansu.There was a significant negative correlation between the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and grade in Shanxi Astragali Radix. While there was no correlation for Gansu Astragali Radix. This study provided the basis for the quality grade standard of Astragali Radix.

Determination of Content Limit of Isoflavone Glucoside of Hengshan Wild-simulated Astragali Radix by ROC Curve Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the receiuer operating characteristic(ROC) curve mathematical statistics method to establish the content limit of isoflavones glucoside contents in Astragali Radix,in order to distinguish the difference in isoflavones glucoside content between Hengshan wild-simulated Astragali Radix in Shanxi and cultivated Astragali Radix in Gansu. Method: A total of 225 samples of 45 batches of wild-simulated Astragali Radix in Hengshan and 210 samples of 42 batches of cultivated Astragali Radix in Gansu were selected as research objects,and isoflavones glucoside contents of these samples were determined by using the method in the edition 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Data was statistically analyzed, and the ROC curve was used to determine the critical value of wild-simulated Astragali Radix in Hengshan and transplanted Astragali Radix in Gansu. Result: The average contents of isoflavones glucoside in imitative wild Astragali Radix in Henshan and cultivated Astragali Radix in Gansu were 0.107%and 0.039%respectively,with statistically significant differences(PConclusion: ROC curve can be used to distinguish the critical value of the wild-simulated Astragali Radix in Hengshan and cultivated Astragali Radix in Gansu. The results reflected the regularity of "high quality and good price" in the market. The research provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of standard of high-quality Chinese herbal medicines.

1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis of the anti-fatigue effects of Astragali Radix based on muscle tissue Pubescentis / 药学学报

This study was designed to explore the intervention of muscle fatigue in rats with Astragali Radix using 1H NMR metabolomics methods. The fatigue model was induced in rats by forced swimming plus food restriction, and the effects of Astragali Radix (3, 6 and 12 g·kg-1) were investigated using the exhaustive time of rat swimming. After 3 weeks, the gastrocnemius was collected for 1H NMR detection, and the anti-fatigue effects of Astragali Radix were explored using multivariate statistical analysis. Astragali Radix significantly improved the exhaustive swimming time of rats. Compared with control group, the levels of isoleucine, leucine, creatine, phosphatidylcholine, trimethylamine oxide, taurine, guanidinoacetate, AMP, inosine, histidine, hypoxanthine, anserine in rat gastrocnemius of model group were increased. While the levels of lactate, acetone, choline, glycerophosphocholine, glycine were decreased. These 6, 11, 5 potential biomarkers could be reversely regulated by treatment with Astragali Radix (high dose, middle dose, low dose), respectively. Metabolomics analysis revealed that Astragali Radix has a certain anti-fatigue effects and the mechanism may be related to regulation of amino metabolism.

Research advances of material basis of multi-effect Astragali Radix / 中草药

Astragali Radix is a classic Chinese materia medica with multiple effects including replenishing qi, consolidating exterior, promoting pus and discharge tissue regeneration, inducing diuresis to alleviate edema and other effects. Modern scientific researches have confirmed that different forms of Astragali Radix (single drug and compound) exhibit various pharmacodynamic effects on different pathological diseases, and their material basis are not the same. This review summarized the researches on the material basis of multi-effect Astragali Radix and provided new ideas for the related studies of material basis of Astragali Radix and its formula.