[Acellular pertussis vaccine].

Protective, immunogenic, toxic, and sensitizing properties of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) developed according to original technology were studied, aPV had marked protective activity which lasted more than 2 years. Sera of mice immunized by aPV also possess protective properties, and they were more prominent than in sera of mice immunized by pertussis bacteria suspension (PS). Immune sera to aPV neutralized cytopathogenic effect of pertussis toxin (PT) on ovarian Chinese hamster cells in 1:250 dilution, whereas neutralizing activity of sera to PS was very low. Level of antibodies to PT was higher in rabbits immunized, according to schedules and dosage recommended for children, by aPV than by PS. High immunogenicity of aPV was proved also by levels of IgG to PT in sera of mice immunized three times by aPV in human dosage. During experiments on mice and guinea pigs aPV had mild toxicity, did not induce autoimmune process, did not have anaphylactogenic properties compared with bacterial suspension characterized by high anaphylactogenic activity. Histamine-sensitizing abilityof aPVwas 40 times lower than that of PS. Assessment of pyrogenic properties of aPV and PS performed on rabbits showed that aPV was 1,000 times less pyrogenic than PS. Obtained results demonstrate high protective and immunogenic properties of domestic acellular pertussis vaccine and its low toxic and sensitizing characteristics.

[Immunomodulation activity of new vaccines for pertussis prophylaxis--acellular pertussis vaccine and adsorbed DPT vaccine with acellular component]. / Otsenka immunomoduliruiushchei aktivnosti novykh preparatov dlia profilaktiki kokliusha--beskletochnoi kokliushnoi vaktsiny i AKDS-vaktsiny s beskletochnym kokliushnym komponentom.

The immunomodulating activity of acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) and adsorbed DPT vaccine with acellular pertussis component (DPTA vaccine) was studied. The study revealed that only large doses of APV, 10 immunizing doses (ID), suppressed humoral and cell-mediated response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). 1 ID produced no influence on the formation of antibody producing cells, but increased the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to SRBC. The modulation of cell-mediated immune response, induced by APV, returned to normal after the injection of purified staphylococcal toxoid, used as immunomodulator, in doses of 0.15 BU per mouse and 1.5 BU per mouse. DPTA vaccine containing 1 ID, as well as 10 ID, produced no immunomodulating effect. This was established by the evaluation of humoral response to SRBC in CBA mice and the study of the formation of DH to SRBC in BALB/c mice. As indicated by the total of the presented data, the inclusion of APV into DPTA vaccine enhanced the immunological safety of its pertussis component.

[New acellular pertussis vaccine, containing glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide]. / Sozdanie novoi beskletochnoi kokliushnoi vaktsiny, vkliuchaiushchei gliukozaminilmuramildipeptid.

As shown in this work, the synthetic immunomodulator glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (GMDP) can be included into acellular pertussis vaccine (APV). The optimal doses of GMDP, ranging from 0.001 to 0.0001 microg, have been found. These doses enhance the protective activity of APV, especially its low-active doses. GMDP decrease the manifestations of toxic, anaphylactogenic and pyrogenic properties of APV, which may lead to the decrease of the antigenic load of APV on the body of the vaccines and thus to lessening the side-effects of vaccination. GMDP has been shown to considerably increase, in comparison with common pertussis vaccine and APV, the percentage of phagocytizing leukocytes by day 14. The immunization of mice with APV with and without GMDP in doses of 0.01 and 0.001 microg leads to a change in T-lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte ratio in the population of spleen lymphocytes.

[Uro- and colodynamic studies in combined diseases of the pelvic organs in children]. / Uro- i kolodinamicheskoe issledovanie pri sochetannykh zabolevaniiakh tazovykh organov u detei.

A variety of examination techniques are widely used by the authors in uro- and colodynamic investigations of children with combined pelvic lesions. These are: rectotonometry, electroimpulse test of the urethra and anal canal, thermocontrast test of the bladder and distal colon, electrostimulation of the pudendal nerve, investigation of the bladder and rectosphincteral reflex, anal and bulbocavernous reflexes, etc. Such multimodality approach is helpful in detection of local pelvic dysfunction and in prediction of the treatment outcomes.

[The use of monolaurates for removing endotoxins from preparations of cell-free pertussis vaccine]. / Ispol'zovanie monolauratov dlia udaleniia éndotoksinov iz preparatov beskletochnoi kokliushnoi vaktsiny.

The possibility of using monolaurates for removing endotoxin from acellular pertussis vaccines developed at the Laboratory of Immunomodulators, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), has been studied. Monolaurates PEG-400 and PEG-600 obtained, respectively, from Fluka Chemie AG and Ferak GmbH (Germany) have been used. The use of monolaurate PEG-600 ensures the decrease of the toxicity of acellular pertussis vaccines by 2.34-6.3 times.

[Stimulation tonometry of the functional segment of the large intestine in children]. / Stimuliatsionnaia tonometriia funktsional'nogo otdela tol'stoi kishki u detei.

In view of the frequently encountered functional changes of the distal part of the large intestine in children and the need for early purposeful diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with this pathological condition, this part of the large intestine, responsible for adaptation, evacuation, and closure, should be distinguished as an independent functional part of the large intestine (FPLI). The frequent use of direct electrostimulation of the FPLI and the absence of an objective control over its efficacy allowed the authors to develop a new diagnostic method--stimulation tonometry of the FPLI consisting in conducting tonometry of the FPLI during direct dynamic electrostimulation of the intestine in comparison with background study. The method allows a differentiated approach to FPLI electrostimulation depending on the character of the pathological changes. Comparative characteristics of altered intestinal tonometry is give.

[The use of pharmacological screening for characterizing the toxicity of pertussis vaccines]. / Ispol'zovanie farmakologicheskogo skrininga dlia kharakteristiki toksichnosti kokliushnykh vaktsin.

The influence of pertussis preparations, introduced by oral and parenteral routes, on the detoxifying function of the liver and the state of the nervous system of the animals was studied by methods used in pharmacology and toxicology. The use of these methods made it possible to find out side effects produced by corpuscular pertussis vaccine, introduced parenterally, on the detoxifying function of the liver and the state of the nervous system of the animals. The negative influence on the nervous system was more pronounced after the injection of the commercial adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine used in this investigation than after the injection of pertussis monovaccine. The oral administration of corpuscular pertussis vaccine exerted no negative influence on the above-mentioned body functions of the animals.

[A method for the electrical impulse profilometry of the vesicoureteral segment]. / Sposob élektroimpul'snoi profilometrii puzyrno-mochetochnikovogo segmenta.

The proposed technique of electric stimulation (electric pulse profilometry) of vesicoureteral segment provides further possibilities in diagnosis, for children with reflux in particular. It enables one to identify the severity of pathological changes, the degree of immaturity of the aforementioned system and to assess the efficacy and potential of the method in children. The advisability of the technique, that could be monitored by various objective parameters derived from the comparison of the background and stimulation effect, was confirmed by the findings in 9 children with refluxed megaloureter.

[The effect of bacterial and synthetic peptidoglycans on the toxicity of a cell-free pertussis preparation]. / Vliianie bakterial'nykh i sinteticheskikh peptidoglikanov na toksichnost' beskletochnogo kokliushnogo preparata.

The influence of bacterial and synthetic peptidoglycans on the toxicity of acellular pertussis preparations (APP) has been studied in the mouse weight gain test and in the endotoxic shock development test on mice treated with Actinomycin D. The data obtained in these tests indicate that the immunomodulators (IM) under study are capable of changing (increasing or decreasing, depending on the dose) the toxic properties of APP. The antitoxic action of IM, established in this study, depends on the combination of the doses of IM and APP and the time elapsed from the time of immunization. The possibility of using these IM in a dose of 0.0001 microgram for reducing the LD50 of APP has been established. The use of IM belonging to the group of bacterial synthetic peptidoglycans for the development of acellular pertussis vaccines with reduced reactogenicity has been shown to hold much promise.

[A method of electropulse profilometry of the anal canal]. / Sposob élektroimpu'lsnoi profilometrii ana'lnogo kanala.

At present no methods for the prediction of the possibility of using electrostimulation are applied, in spite of the fact that the latter technique is employed on a large scale for patients rehabilitation. The authors have designed a method for electropulse diagnosis of changes in the anus, permitting the detection of pathological alterations in the anus as well as the identification of its reserve potentialities along with the solution of the problem as to whether direct electrostimulation can be used for rehabilitation of one or another patient. The given paper is concerned with a study into electropulse diagnosis of changes in the anus in 31 patients without derangement of locking function, with immaterial functional disorders, and with gross organic pathology. The direct dynamic electrostimulation of the anus appeared little effective in gross organic pathology of the anus, producing a beneficial effect in patients with functional disorders.

[Action of plant extracts on the natural immunity indices of animals]. / Izuchenie deistviia rastitel'nykh ékstraktov na pokazateli estestvennogo immuniteta zhivotnykh.

The influence of extracts from oak bark, St. John's-wort leaves and pine buds on natural immunity characteristics of mice has been studied. The injection of these extracts into mice has been found to enhance their resistance to infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella pertussis virulent cultures, to decrease the enzymatic activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the peritoneal exudate macrophages of mice and to increase the level of lysozyme in their blood. The action of these extracts has proved to depend on their dosage and the time of observation.

[Effect of blastolysin on the development of specific immunity to whooping cough]. / Vliianie blastolizina na razvitie spetsificheskogo immuniteta k kokliushu.

The influence of blastolysin, the cell-wall glycopeptide of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, on the main immunobiological properties of pertussis vaccine, its immunogenicity and toxicity, has been studied. The use of blastolysin, introduced as a stimulating agent in definite doses and following definite administration schedules, has been shown to permit achieving not only an increase in the immunogenicity of the corpuscular pertussis vaccine, but also a considerable decrease in its toxicity and histamine-sensitizing activity.