Effects of mindfulness on depression in college students: mediating role of psychological resilience and moderating role of gender.

OBJECTIVE: A questionnaire was administered to 936 college students to investigate the mediating effect of psychological resilience in the association between mindfulness and college student depression, as well as the moderating role of gender. METHODS: For this study, data was collected between 20 April and 1 May 2023 at three universities in Jiangxi Province using a random sampling method. 963 Chinese university students were surveyed using the Adolescent Mindfulness Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Depression Self-Rating Scale.SPSS24.0 software was used for correlation analysis and linear regression analysis, and PROCESS v3.4 model 7 was used to analyze this mediated model with moderating effects. RESULTS: In the mediated effects model, the direct effect of mindfulness on college depression levels was significant (95% CI -0.43, -0.31); the indirect effect of mindfulness on college depression through psychological resilience was also significant (95% CI -0.34, -0.23); the interaction effect of mindfulness and gender was also found to be significant (95% CI 0.03, 0.16) in the mediated model with moderation. CONCLUSION: Mindfulness not only affect depression directly, but also indirectly through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. At the same time, the prediction of psychological resilience by mindfulness was also moderated by gender, with girls' psychological resilience being more affected by the level of mindfulness compared to boys.

A chain mediation model reveals the association between mindfulness and depression of college students.

The study aims to explore the relationship among mindfulness, depression, meaning in life (MIL) and psychological resilience (PR), and verify whether MIL and PR have a chain mediating effect between mindfulness and depression. 1034 college students in a province were investigated by using Adolescent Mindfulness Scale, Depression Scale, Meaning in Life Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrap was used to analyze the data and test whether MIL and PR play a chain mediating role between mindfulness and depression among university students. In the present research, the direct effect value of mindfulness on college students' depression was 0.14, and the effect amount was 61%. The effect values of MIL and PR between mindfulness and college students' depression were 0.03 and 0.05, and the effect amount is 13% and 22%. In the meantime, the chain mediating effect of MIL and PR was significant, the effect value is 0.01 and the effect amount is 4%. The effects of mindfulness on depression of university students were mediated by MIL, PR and the chain of MIL and PR.

New Deferric Amine Compounds Efficiently Chelate Excess Iron to Treat Iron Overload Disorders and to Prevent Ferroptosis.

Excess iron accumulation occurs in organs of patients with certain genetic disorders or after repeated transfusions. No physiological mechanism is available to excrete excess iron and iron overload to promote lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis, thus iron chelation becomes critical for preventing ion toxicity in these patients. To date, several iron chelators have been approved for iron chelation therapy, such as deferiprone and deferoxamine, but the current iron chelators suffer from significant limitations. In this context, new agents are continuously sought. Here, a library of new deferric amine compounds (DFAs) with adjustable skeleton and flexibility is synthesized by adopting the beneficial properties of conventional chelators. After careful evaluations, compound DFA1 is found to have greater efficacy in binding iron through two molecular oxygens in the phenolic hydroxyl group and the nitrogen atom in the amine with a 2:1 stoichiometry. This compound remarkably ameliorates iron overload in diverse murine models through both oral and intravenous administration, including hemochromatosis, high iron diet-induced, and iron dextran-stimulated iron accumulation. Strikingly, this compound is found to suppress iron-induced ferroptosis by modulating the intracellular signaling that drives lipid peroxidation. This study opens a new approach for the development of iron chelators to treat iron overload.

The Efficacy of V. odorata Extract in the Treatment of Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of Viola odorata (V. odorata) extract in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, as well as references of related articles, were searched. Finally, four articles with five clinical trials including 224 patients were included in the analysis. Results: The obtained results indicated a greater improvement in total PSQI scores (MD,-4.67; P = 0.0002), subjective sleep quality score (MD,-0.91; P = 0.003), sleep duration score (MD,-0.77; P < 0.00001), and ISI score (MD,-6.30; P = 0.009) in the Viola extract group compared with the placebo group. However, the Viola extract group did not significantly differ in sleep latency (MD,-0.85; P = 0.08), habitual sleep efficiency (MD,-0.61; P = 0.21), sleep disturbances (MD,-0.36; P = 0.11), and daytime dysfunction (MD,-0.94; P = 0.12) from the placebo group. Conclusions: Viola extract supplement led to a greater improvement in total PSQI scores, subjective sleep quality score, sleep duration score, and ISI score compared with the placebo group of patients with chronic insomnia.

Discotic Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resins Integrating Intrinsic High Thermal Conductivity and Intrinsic Flame Retardancy.

The integration of intrinsic thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy of epoxy resins shows wider application prospects in electricals and electronics. Discotic liquid crystal epoxy (D-LCE) is synthesized from pyrocatechol, 2-allyloxyethanol, and 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. P/Si synergistic flame-retardant co-curing agent (DOPO-POSS, DP) is synthesized from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO), and amino terminated polysilsesquioxane (POSS). Finally, D-LCE is cured within liquid crystal range with 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and DP, to obtain intrinsic highly thermal conductive/flame-retardant epoxy resins (D-LCERDP ). D-LCERDP-10.0 (10.0 wt% DP) synchronously possesses excellent intrinsic thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy, with thermal conductivity coefficient in vertical and parallel direction (λ⊥ and λ∥ ) of 0.34 and 1.30 W m-1 K-1 , much higher than that of general bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-51, λ⊥ of 0.19 W m-1 K-1 , λ∥ of 0.65 W m-1 K-1 ). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of D-LCERDP-10.0 reaches 31.1, also better than those of E-51 (19.8) and D-LCER (21.3).

Quality Appraisal of the Pharmacoeconomic Research Literature about Antivirals: A Comparison between Chinese Medicine and Non-Chinese Medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Antiviral activity is a main function of many types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and they may contribute more in the process of certain viral epidemics. Therefore, based on the effectiveness and economy of TCM, we aimed to determine the situation of health economic studies about antivirals, especially the difference between TCM and non-TCM. METHODS: A literature search of three databases was conducted with a time range of January 2000-December 2020, and terms related to health economics and TCM were used as key terms. QHES and CHEERS were used as quality assessment tools. RESULTS: 203 papers were included in our research. After evaluation using QHES and CHEERS, antiviral TCM obtained an overall score of 41.37 ± 4.46/99 in QHES, compared with 48.89 ± 7.25/99 (18.18% higher than TCM) of antiviral non-TCM. CONCLUSION: With a statistically significant difference, the overall quality of pharmacoeconomic research about antiviral non-Chinese medicine is better than that about antiviral Chinese medicine, which may have resulted from researchers' capacities or the absence of a more suitable standard for pharmacoeconomic research. It tells that the quality of pharmacoeconomic studies about TCM still warrants improvement.

Absorption and Distribution of Selenium Following Oral Administration of Selenium-Enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98, Selenized Yeast, or Sodium Selenite in Rats.

Selenium (Se) is one of the essential elements required to maintain human health. Although various kinds of Se supplements are now available on the market, their biological activities and toxicities vary based on the transportation characteristics of Se. In this study, we compared the absorption and distribution of Se in rats administered with different Se supplements: Se-enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98 (Se-DD98), selenized yeast (Se-Y), and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Se-DD98, Se-Y, and Na2SeO3 were orally administered to rats. The plasma Se content at different time points after administration was determined within 72 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed to reveal the absorption of Se. Se-DD98, Se-Y, and Na2SeO3 were also repeatedly administered by oral gavage for 30 days, and Se content of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and muscle was determined to analyze the distribution of Se. The results showed that the organic Se supplements (Se-DD98 and Se-Y) were more easily absorbed into the blood and retained longer in the plasma than the inorganic Na2SeO3 was. Moreover, Se-DD98 induced better absorption of Se in plasma than Se-Y did. Furthermore, significantly higher concentrations of Se were found in the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and muscle of rats administered with organic Se supplements (Se-DD98 and Se-Y) than those administered the inorganic Na2SeO3. Rats administered Se-DD98 accumulated more Se in the spleen, lung, and kidney than those administered Se-Y, while Se-Y led to higher concentration of Se in the liver compared to Se-DD98. These results suggest that the organic form of Se was better absorbed and accumulated than the inorganic form was. Se-enriched B. longum DD98 induced greater absorption of Se in plasma and accumulation of Se in several organs than the selenized yeast did, which could suggest the potential superior nutritional function of Se-DD98.

Preparation and characterization of selenium enriched-Bifidobacterium longum DD98, and its repairing effects on antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of a novel selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98 (Se-B. longum DD98) supplement food and its repairing effects on the intestinal ecology of mammals. We assessed the growth, Se accumulation, and Se biotransformation of B. longum DD98 and its effects on antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. The viable bacterial count at the end of fermentation was not significantly affected by the presence of Se. Bifidobacterium longum DD98 took up inorganic Se from the medium and biotransformed it into Se-containing proteins and selenoamino acids. The dominant Se species was selenomethionine (SeMet), which comprised 87% of the total Se in Se-B. longum DD98. Furthermore, Se-B. longum DD98 showed better regulation of the disrupted intestinal microbiota back to normal levels and repaired damaged colon tissues compared to the natural recovery and B. longum DD98 treatments. These findings suggest that B. longum DD98 efficiently biotransformed inorganic Se into more bioactive organic Se forms and may have therapeutic potential for the restoration of antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Minor compounds of the high purity salvianolic acid B freeze-dried powder from Salvia miltiorrhiza and antibacterial activity assessment.

The study explored the isolation and characterisation of three compounds of high purity salvianolic acid B freeze-dried powder extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. A new salvianolic acid, salvianolic acid V (2) together with two known compounds (3-4) was identified. The antibacterial activity tests showed that compound 2 combined with clinical antibiotics such as Levofloxacin or Colistin sulphate together exhibited potent effects against MRSA or Acinetobacter baumanii. This report has considerably extended our knowledge about the diversity and bioactivity of caffeic acid derivatives from S. miltiorrhiza.

A new caffeic acid tetramer from the Dracocephalum moldavica L.

A new caffeic acid tetramer compound, named (+) methyl rabdosiin (4), together with seven known caffeic acid multimers (1-3, 5-8) and one caffeic acid monomer (9), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dracocephalum moldavica L. The structures of these compounds were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry analyses. The protective effects of compounds 2-4 against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis were evaluated in primary cardiomyocytes of SD neonatal rats in vitro by the MTT method. Three compounds exhibited potent protective activities at 12.5 µg/mL.

Atractylenolide I protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Atractylenolide I (AO-I), one of the major bioactive components isolated from Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of AO-I on acute lung injury (ALI) using LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Lung injury was assessed by histological study. Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß production were detected by ELISA. TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation were measured by western blot analysis. The results showed that treatment of AO-I significantly attenuated LPS-induced lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and MPO activity. Meanwhile, treatment of AO-I significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-13, and MIF production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as neutrophils and macrophages in BALF. AO-1 could up-regulate the production of IL-10 in BALF. Besides, LPS-induced TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation were suppressed by treatment of AO-I. In conclusion, the current study suggested that AO-I protected mice acute lung injury induced by LPS via inhibition of TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation.

Combinatorial synthesis of a series of alkyl/alkenylacyloxy derivatives at the C-28 position of toosendanin as insecticidal agents.

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural-product-based insecticidal agents, we have synthesized eighteen alkyl/alkenylacyloxy derivatives at the C-28 position adopting exo-configuration of toosendanin (3a-r) by the reaction of toosendanin with fatty acids in the presence of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide and 4- dimethylaminopyridine. Their activity was preliminarily evaluated against the pre-third-instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker in vivo. Especially compounds 3e and 3o displayed the more promising insecticidal activity than their natural precursor, toosendanin. It suggested that for the n-alkyloyloxy series derivatives, the proper length of the side chain R at the C-28 position of toosendanin was very important for their insecticidal activity.

Natural products-based insecticidal agents 11. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel 4α-arylsulfonyloxybenzyloxy-2ß-chloropodophyllotoxin derivatives against Mythimna separata Walker in vivo.

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural products-based insecticidal agents, 14 novel 4α-arylsulfonyloxybenzyloxy-2ß-chloropodophyllotoxin derivatives were stereoselectively semisynthesized from podophyllotoxin, and preliminarily evaluated for their insecticidal activity against the pre-third-instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker in vivo. Especially compounds 9c' and 9g' exhibited the most promising and pronounced insecticidal activity than toosendanin, a commercial insecticide derived from Melia azedarach at 1mg/mL. Generally, it was preliminarily demonstrated that arylsulfonyloxy groups at the C-2 position of benzyloxy moiety and the length of the side chain on the benzenesulfonyloxy group of 4α-arylsulfonyloxybenzyloxy-2ß-chloropodophyllotoxins might be important for the insecticidal activity.

Natural products-based insecticidal agents 9. Design, semisynthesis and insecticidal activity of 28-acyloxy derivatives of toosendanin against Mythimna separata Walker in vivo.

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural products-based insecticidal agents, twelve 28-acyloxy derivatives of toosendanin (2a-l) were semisynthesized and preliminarily evaluated their activity against the pre-third-instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker in vivo at the concentration of 1mg/mL. Some compounds exhibited the potent insecticidal activity. Especially compounds 2c and 2j displayed the more promising insecticidal activity than their natural precursor, toosendanin, a commercial insecticide derived from Melia azedarach at 1mg/mL. In general, it indicated that the butanoyloxy or phenylacryloyloxy moiety at the 28-position of toosendanin was essential for the insecticidal activity.