RESUMEN
Unilateral cross-incompatibility (UCI) is a unidirectional inter/intra-population reproductive barrier when both parents are self-compatible. Maize Gametophyte factor1 (Ga1) is an intraspecific UCI system and has been utilized in breeding. However, the mechanism underlying maize UCI specificity has remained mysterious for decades. Here, we report the cloning of ZmGa1P, a pollen-expressed PECTIN METHYLESTERASE (PME) gene at the Ga1 locus that can confer the male function in the maize UCI system. Homozygous transgenic plants expressing ZmGa1P in a ga1 background can fertilize Ga1-S plants and can be fertilized by pollen of ga1 plants. ZmGa1P protein is predominantly localized to the apex of growing pollen tubes and may interact with another pollen-specific PME protein, ZmPME10-1, to maintain the state of pectin methylesterification required for pollen tube growth in Ga1-S silks. Our study discloses a PME-mediated UCI mechanism and provides a tool to manipulate hybrid breeding.
Asunto(s)
Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Tubo Polínico/crecimiento & desarrollo , Polinización , Zea mays/genética , Cromosomas Artificiales Bacterianos , Clonación Molecular , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Haplotipos , Fitomejoramiento , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Polen/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Olive oil-based lipid emulsion (LE) and medium chain triglyceride/long chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT) emulsion are both LEs with low ω-6 polyunsaturated fat acids (PUFAs) content. However, which one of these LEs is associated with a lower infection risk in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) remains unclear. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of the two LEs in PN in esophageal cancer patients undergoing surgery. METHODS: Patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma were recruited and allocated randomly to two groups. The test group was given enteral nutrition (EN) with PN containing olive oil-based LE after tumor resection for ≥7 days, and the patients in the control group were supported by EN with MCT/LCT emulsion-based PN after surgery for the same time period. Immunological markers and inflammatory indicators were tested and perioperative clinical outcomes were determined. The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR-TRC-13003562. 94 Patients were recruited, and grouped (olive oil-based LE, n=46 and MCT/LCT, n=48), matched for sex, age, body mass index, histological type, TNM stage, and nutrition risk screening (NRS) 2002 score. RESULTS: There were no differences in perioperative fever (>38 °C), infectious complications, length of hospital stay (>14 days), length of critical care stay (>2 days), time for oral food intake, and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. The test group showed a higher increase in IgG level compared with the MCT/LCT group (p=0.028). There was no difference in other immunological markers and inflammatory indicators between the two groups. CONCLUSION: PN containing olive oil-based or MCT/LCT LEs had similar effects on perioperative outcome, cell-mediated immune function and inflammatory response in esophageal cancer patients who had undergone surgery and were receiving EN.
Asunto(s)
Nutrición Enteral , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/química , Nutrición Parenteral , Adulto , Anciano , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Método Doble Ciego , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación Nutricional , Aceite de Oliva , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Aceite de Soja/administración & dosificación , Triglicéridos/administración & dosificación , Triglicéridos/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cellular immunity suppression is marked in patients with esophageal carcinoma, which may be resulted temporarily from surgical injury. This study was to evaluate the effect of cellular immune supportive treatment on cellular immunity of patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma, received two-field dissection, were randomized into control group and trial (immune supportive treatment) group. The patients in trial group were injected with Shenqi injection after operation; the patients in control group received no immune supportive treatment. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before operation, and 3 and 9 days after operation. AgNOR (argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions) activity in peripheral blood T lymphocytes was measured by tumor immune microphotometry. T cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The proportions of CD3+CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ cells were significantly higher in trial group than in control group at 3 days after operation (P < 0.05). The amount of AgNOR and proportions of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ cells were significantly higher in trial group than in control group at 9 days after operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in 1-year survival rate between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Shenqi injection could obviously improve cellular immunity of the esophageal carcinoma patients after modern two-field dissection.