RESUMEN
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family plays an important role in various biological processes in plants. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) Nees, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, has been widely used as an important traditional herb with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antivenom, antiretroviral, anticancer and so on. However, there was no comprehensive analysis of bZIP gene family in the Andrographis paniculata been reported. In this study, we identified 62 bZIPs in Andrographis paniculata and grouped them into 12 subfamilies through the phylogenetic tree analysis. The bZIPs in the same groups have similar motif composition, exon-intron structure and domain distribution. In addition, the RNA-seq data gave a reference for selecting candidate bZIPs to make further function verification. Lastly, qRT-PCR analyses revealed seven ApbZIPs (ApbZIP4, ApbZIP19, ApbZIP30, ApbZIP42, ApbZIP50, ApbZIP52, ApbZIP62) were the most highly expressed in leaf and significantly up-regulated with MeJA and ABA treatment which may be involved in biosynthesis regulation of andrographolide. These data pave the way for further revealing the function of the bZIPs in Andrographis paniculata.
Asunto(s)
Andrographis , Diterpenos , Andrographis/genética , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/genética , Andrographis paniculata , Filogenia , Diterpenos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Traumatismos Abdominales , Enfermedades Intestinales , Intususcepción , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers , Traumatismos Torácicos , Traumatismos Abdominales/complicaciones , Humanos , Intususcepción/diagnóstico , Intususcepción/etiología , Intususcepción/cirugía , Necrosis/complicaciones , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/complicaciones , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicacionesRESUMEN
Glycosylflavonoids are a class of natural products with multiple pharmacological activities and a lot of glycosyltransferases from various plant species have been reported that they were involved in the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals. However, no corresponding glycosyltransferase has been identified from the famous horticultural and medicinal plant Iris tectorum Maxim. Here, UGT73CD1, a novel glycosyltransferase, was identified from I. tectorum. based on transcriptome analysis and functional identification. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that UGT73CD1 grouped into the clade of flavonoid 7-OH OGTs. Biochemical analysis showed that UGT73CD1 was able to glycosylate tectorigenin at 7-OH to produce tectoridin, and thus assigned as a 7-O-glycosyltransferase. In addition, it also possessed robust catalytic promiscuity toward 12 structurally diverse flavonoid scaffolds and 3, 4-dichloroaniline, resulting in forming O- and N-glycosides. This work will provide insights into efficient biosynthesis of structurally diverse flavonoid glycosides for drug discovery.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/metabolismo , Glicósidos/metabolismo , Glicosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Género Iris/enzimología , Isoflavonas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Flavonoides/química , Glicósidos/química , Glicosilación , Glicosiltransferasas/química , Género Iris/química , Isoflavonas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
The response of the defense components lysozyme (LYZ), metallothionein (MT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to combined exposure to heavy metals and bacteria was assessed at transcriptional level in the surf clam Mactra veneriformis. First, the full-length LYZ cDNA containing 808 nucleotides and encoding 194 deduced amino acids was identified from the clam. Multiple alignments revealed that MvLYZ had a high identity with invertebrate-type LYZs from other mollusks. Next, clams were exposed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and a mixture of cadmium and mercury, alone or in combination, for 7 days. Cumulative mortality of clams and mRNA expressions of the three defense components were analyzed. The highest cumulative mortality took place in the combined treatment on day 7. The expression of the three genes was up-regulated in response to treatments compared to the control with different response times and transcriptional levels; the response to combined exposure occurred earlier than to single exposure. Among the experimental groups, MvLYZ expression and MvSOD expression peaked in the combined treatment on day 3, whereas MvMT expression peaked in heavy metals treatment on day 5. Furthermore, interactive effects of heavy metals and Vibrio on transcriptional response changed over the exposure time. Therefore, transcriptional regulation of the three genes under combined exposure was more complex than under single exposure.