[Phosphorus Adsorption Characteristics of Different Biochar Types and Its Influencing Factors].

In order to understand the resource utilization of plant biomass, five types of biomass materials were used to produce biochar to treat wastewater containing phosphorus. The phosphorus adsorption capacity of five materials was preliminarily compared through laboratory experiments, and two materials with strong phosphorus adsorption capacity were screened out. The physicochemical characteristics of the selected biochar were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and a BET specific surface area analyzer, and the effects of different pH values on phosphorus adsorption of the biochar were investigated. Furthermore, the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of the selected biochar were analyzed via isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetics models. The results showed that among the five biochar materials, only rice straw and corn straw biochar had the ability to adsorb phosphorus. The Langmuir isothermal adsorption curve showed that the adsorption capacity of rice straw biochar for phosphorus in wastewater was stronger than that of corn straw biochar, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was as follows:rice straw biochar (9.78 mg·g-1)>corn straw biochar (0.39 mg·g-1). The specific surface area (148.30 m2·g-1) and total pore volume (0.11 cm3·g-1) of rice straw biochar were much higher than those of corn straw biochar (8.26 m2·g-1 and 0.03 cm3·g-1, respectively), and the contents of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Al were higher in rice straw biochar. The best pH for phosphorus adsorption of rice straw biochar and corn straw biochar was acidic. In different pH ranges (3.0-11.0), the phosphorus adsorption capacity of rice straw and corn straw biochar decreased with the increase in pH. These results indicated that rice straw biochar has strong phosphorus adsorption capacity and has a better application prospect in wastewater treatment.

Guominjian for allergic rhinitis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of nasal mucosa caused by IgE mediated inflammatory mediators and various immune active cells and cytokines after exposure of specific individuals to allergens. In recent years, its prevalence rate has increased gradually. Therefore, we must pay attention to carry out early intervention. However, there are still some side effects in the current drug therapy of AR, and the recurrence of AR cannot be well controlled. Some Chinese herbs have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and have a better effect on the nasal symptoms of perennial and persistent rhinitis. The curative effect of allergic decoction on AR has been confirmed clinically. However, due to the lack of reliable evaluation means for its safety and effectiveness, it is necessary to carry out a systematic evaluation of allergic decoction in the treatment of AR, so as to lay a foundation for further research in the future. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The following databases will be searched from their inception to August 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science online, Chinese Biomedical Database WanFang, VIP medicine information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Primary outcomes: nasal symptoms (sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching, and nasal congestion) and ocular symptoms (eye itching, foreign body sensation, red eyes, tearing). It can be measured by any appropriate scales or other forms of tools, such as the Total Nasal Symptom Score. Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. RESULTS: The results of this study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guominjian for patients with AR. CONCLUSION: Through the systematic review of this study, the evidence of the treatment of AR by Guominjian has been summarized so far, so as to provide guidance for further promoting the application of Guominjian in patients with AR. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is a systematic review, the outcomes are based on the published evidence, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations. OPEN SCIENCE FRA MEWORK (OSF) REGISTRATION NUMBER: September 12, 2020.osf.io/24w8n.(https://osf.io/24w8n).

[Interception Effect of Vegetated Drainage Ditch on Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Drainage Ditches].

In order to effectively intercept and remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from agricultural water, Canna glauca, Sparganium stoloniferum, Juncus effusus, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, and Myriophyllum elatinoides were planted in an agricultural drainage ditch. The temporal and spatial variations of the dissolved N and P concentrations were monitored during the whole experimental period. In addition, the contents of N and P in sediments and plants were compared among different plant plots. The results showed the effluent TN and TP concentrations in the vegetated drainage ditch were lower than the surface water environmental quality standards for class IV and class II . The average removal rates of TN and TP in water were 64.3% and 69.7%, respectively. The average sediment interceptions in 2010 and 2011 reached 40,400 kg, containing 52.4 kg of N and 21.4 kg of P. The amounts of sediment N and P in five plant plots exhibited the descending order: Canna glauca > Hydrocotyle vulgaris > Sparganium stoloniferum > Myriophyllum elatinoides > Juncus effuses. The accumulated N and P amounts assimilated by five kinds of aquatic plants reached 7.9 kg · a⁻¹ and 1.4 kg · a⁻¹, respectively. Compared with other plants, Canna glauca and Myriophyllu elatinoides had the highest ratios of above-ground and below-ground tissues, and the strongest absorption capacity of N and P was also observed in these two plants. Therefore, the vegetated drainage ditch has good interception effect on N and P pollutants. Furthermore, Canna glauca and Myriophyllum elatinoides can be considered as the optimal plants for N and P uptake.

[Study on phosphorus adsorption characteristic of sediments in an ecological ditch].

Sediments properties and phosphorus (P) adsorption capacities were compared among the samples of 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm layers from the ecological ditch vegetated with Cenetlla asiatica, Sparganium stoloniferum and a natural agricultural ditch with weeds. The results showed the 0-5 cm sediment vegetated with Cenetlla asiatica had higher concentrations of oxalate extracted Fe, Al and P than those vegetated with Sparganium stoloniferum or weeds. The parameters calculated from the Freudlich and Langmiur isotherms showed the equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPC0) ranged from 0.009 to 0.031 mg x L(-1). Cenetlla asiatica in the 0-5 cm layer had the maximum values of 352.2 L x kg(-1) and 562.7 mg x kg(-1) for Freundlich adsorption constant (K(f)) and Langmuir sorption maximum (S(max)), respectively, which proved it had the highest P adsorption capacity. The regression analysis showed P sorption parameters had significant relationship to oxalate-extracted Fe, clay content and DPS (P < 0.05). It was thus clear that aquatic plants influenced sediment properties and P adsorption capacity, and the practice of growing proper plants in ecological ditch could reduce the risk of P loss in non-point source pollution.