Pararorine A, isoindolinone alkaloid from the endophytic fungus Paramyrothecium roridum and its anti-tumor activity.

Pararorine A, a new isoindolinone alkaloid was isolated from Paramyrothecium roridum, an endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant Gynochthodes officinalis (F.C. How) Razafim. & B. Bremer. The structure of this compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, MS, and NMR) analyses. In addition, the antitumor activity of pararorine A was evaluated against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 tumor cell lines. The results revealed that pararorine A exhibited potent antitumor activities with the IC50 values ranging from 1.69 to 8.95 µM. Moreover, the tumor cell inhibitory activity of pararorine A was evidenced by promoting cytochrome C release and cell cycle arrest as well as the induction of apoptosis by the up-regulation of the protein expressions of JNK and Bax through PARP-cleavage and caspase 3-cleavage.

Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates endometritis in dairy cows by relieving inflammation, energy deficiency and blood stasis.

Introduction: According to traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, endometritis is caused by a combination of Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and external evil invasion. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine that counteracts blood stasis and has additional demonstrated effects in boosting energy and restraining inflammation. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been employed in many traditional Chinese prescriptions that have proven effective in healing clinical dairy cow endometritis. Methods: the in vivo effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in treating endometritis was evaluated in dairy cows. In addition, bovine endometrial epithelium cell inflammation and rat blood stasis models were employed to demonstrate the crosstalk between energy, blood circulation and inflammation. Network analysis, western blotting, qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in endometritis treatment. Results: The results demonstrate that treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza relieves uterine inflammation, increases blood ATP concentrations, and prolongs blood clotting times. Four of the six Salvia miltiorrhiza main components (SMMCs) (tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B) were effective in reversing decreased ATP and increased IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in an in vitro endometritis model, indicating their abilities to ameliorate the negative energy balance and external evil invasion effects of endometritis. Furthermore, in a blood stasis rat model, inflammatory responses were induced in the absence of external infection; and all six SMMCs inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Network analysis of SMMC targets predicted that Salvia miltiorrhiza may mediate anti-inflammation via the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway; anti-aggregation via the Platelet activation pathway; and energy balance via the Thermogenesis and AMPK signaling pathways. Multiple molecular targets within these pathways were verified to be inhibited by SMMCs, including P38/ERK-AP1, a key molecular signal that may mediate the crosstalk between inflammation, energy deficiency and blood stasis. Conclusion: These results provide mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza for endometritis achieved through Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and external evil invasion.

Irpexols A-C, xanthone derivatives from the endophyte fungus Irpex laceratus A878.

Three new xanthone derivatives irpexols A-C (1-3) and five known xanthones including three dimeric ones were successfully isolated from Irpex laceratus A878, an endophytic fungus of the family Irpicaceae from the medicinal plant Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bentham (Lamiaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). All of the three new compounds (1-3) share a de-aromatic and highly­oxygenated xanthone skeleton. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-8 were evaluated against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 tumor cell lines. The results revealed that compound 6 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with the IC50 values ranging from 24.83 to 45.46 µM, while the IC50 values of the positive control adriamycin was ranging from 1.11 to 1.44 µM.

Effect of different acupuncture sequences of Huiyangjiuzhen acupoints on blood glucose and hemorheology in the anesthetized rabbits.

Background and objective: Hemorheology and blood glucose are commonly used to estimate the risks of thrombosis and stress hyperglycemia after anaesthesia. The sequence of acupoint stimulation might influence the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. In the current study, we aimed at investigating the effect of different acupuncture sequences of "Huiyangjiuzhen" acupoints on the blood glucose and hemorheology in anesthetized rabbits. Methods: Twenty-five rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, including the control group (CG), the positive-sequence group (PSG), the reverse-sequence group (RSG), the disorder-sequence group (DSG), and the random group (RG). Except for the CG and RG, the rabbits in other groups were acupunctured with different sequences of "Huiyangjiuzhen"acupoints when the rabbits were anesthetized. The acupoints in rabbits of the RG were chosen randomly. The levels of blood glucose and hemorheology indexes before and after anaesthesia was detected. Results: In the PSG, Hηb 200/s, Mηb 30/s, Hηr 200/s, ERI, hematocrit and plasma viscosity levels were decreased, and the blood glucose level was not changed. In the DSG, the levels of Mηb 30/s and hematocrit were decreased, and the blood glucose was increased. In the CG, RSG and RG, no hemorheology indexes were changed and the blood glucose was increased. Conclusion: "Huiyangjiuzhen" acupuncture could decrease the risks of post-operative thrombosis and stress hyperglycemia in anesthetized rabbits. This effectiveness depends on both acupuncture and acupuncture sequence at the "Huiyangjiuzhen" acupoints.

Cytospotones A-D, four new polyketones from the endophytic fungus Cytospora sp. A879.

Three new α-pyrone derivatives cytospotones A-C (1-3) and a new cyclohexenone derivative cytospotone D (4) together with four known α-pyrones were isolated from the endophytic fungus Cytospora sp. A879 of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated primarily by spectroscopic methods (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS), ECD spectra analyses, and ECD calculations. Furthermore, the four new compounds (1-4) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results showed that compound 1 had moderate inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

3-Carboxy-indole derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Phomopsis tersa FS441.

Three new compounds phomtersines A-C (1-3) together with nine known compounds were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Phomopsis tersa FS441. Their structures were sufficiently established by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques and modified Snatzke's method. Moreover, compounds 1-12 were evaluated for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. As a result, phomtersine B (2) and the known compound 10 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the four tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 20.21 to 36.53 µM, and phomtersine A (1) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe asthma had unexpected adverse effects: a case report.

Asthma, a chronic respiratory ailment, affects millions worldwide. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has gained traction as a life-saving intervention for patients with severe asthma who are unresponsive to conventional treatments. However, complications associated with ECMO, including electrolyte imbalances and hemorrhage, can have significant clinical implications. This case report highlights a 49 years-old male patient with severe asthma who developed pronounced hypokalemia and hemorrhage following venovenous ECMO (VVECMO) therapy. Despite potassium supplementation, serum potassium levels continued declining before normalizing after 24 h. The patient subsequently experienced gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage, and extensive cerebral infarction, ultimately resulting in a deep coma. Hypokalemia during ECMO therapy can result from a rapid reduction of carbon dioxide, ß-receptor agonist use, corticosteroid use, and diuretic administration. Hemorrhage is another common ECMO complication, often linked to heparin anticoagulation therapy. Clinicians should be aware of potential complications and adopt appropriate prevention and management strategies when using ECMO in patients with severe asthma.

Four Patterns of Canine Wei Syndrome Treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Atrophy and weakness of the limbs is a common condition in animals, especially dogs. It typically presents with flaccidity and weakness of the limbs, especially the hind legs, muscle atrophy, and the inability to walk. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), this is known as wei syndrome (WS). According to TCM, the etiology of WS can be (1) lung heat and fluid consumption; (2) insufficiency of the liver and kidneys; (3) dampness-heat invasion; (4) damage to the spleen and stomach, which are also the patterns of WS. This report aims to provide an alternative option for the treatment of canine paralysis. Four dogs with different WS patterns were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, and Chinese herbs based on the guidelines of the TCM literature. Three patients recovered normal functioning. The fourth patient could walk normally after 2 weeks of treatment, but his hind limbs became weak again 3 months later. Weekly acupuncture treatment was resumed until his death 18 months later. TCM application of acupuncture, moxibustion, and Chinese herbs can be an effective treatment for canine WS. It is hoped that this case report will broaden the treatment options of other veterinarians when patients present with this condition.

Research progress on the extraction technology and activity study of Epimedium polysaccharides.

More pharmacological effects of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines have been discovered in recent years. Epimedium has been used for thousands of years as a traditional Chinese medicine in China. Water-soluble Epimedium polysaccharides is one of the main ingredients of Epimedium, which is one of the main active ingredients of Epimedium, mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, and galactose. The extraction methods of Epimedium polysaccharides including hot water extraction, cellulase extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound compound enzyme and ultra-high pressure extraction, they affect the yield of Epimedium polysaccharides. The characteristics of deproteinization including enzyme deproteinization, macroporous resin deproteinization and Sevag methods are introduced respectively. Some chemical modification methods of Epimedium polysaccharides are also involved such as phosphorylation, sulfation, selenization, and lipids encapsulated. Epimedium polysaccharides have a variety of pharmacological activities, including immune promotion, reproduction promotion, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-fatigue and antivirus, also beneficial to nervous and hematopoietic systems. At present, the research of Epimedium polysaccharides has been in depth. In this paper, the research progress on extraction, purification, chemical modification methods and pharmacological activity of Epimedium polysaccharides summarized. The aim is to provide reference for further research and development of Epimedium polysaccharides.

Cytospones E-J from the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae.

Cytospones E-J (1-6), six unreported α-pyrone derivatives, together with six known ones (7-12) were isolated from the solid culture of the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae A761, an endophytic fungus from Gynochthodes officinalis. The structures of the unreported compounds were unambiguously elucidated through spectroscopic analyses (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS), and their absolute configurations were assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Cu Kα) analyses. Furthermore, cytospones E-J were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

The effect of sonication-synergistic natural deep eutectic solvents on extraction yield, structural and physicochemical properties of pectins extracted from mango peels.

In this study, eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as extracting agents for the first time in the extraction of pectins from mango peel. Two novel green solvents including betaine-citric acid (Bet-CA) and choline chloride-malic acid (ChCl-MaA) were screened, and the extraction conditions were further optimized by full factor design experimental along with RSM. In addition, ultrasound treatment also had an influence on extraction yield, structural and physicochemical properties of extracted pectins. Two DES-extracted pectins had significantly higher yield, larger molecular weight and particles size than HCl-extracted pectin. High intensity ultrasound power enhanced the yield of low-ester pectins, but decreased the molecular weight and particles size of the pectins extracted. Monosaccharide compositions analysis showed that higher content of galacturonic acid (GalA) and larger HG region were observed in two DESs-extracted pectins. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) of all pectins extracted were similar, with slight differences. Two DESs-extracted pectins exhibited higher DE values than HCl-extracted pectin. Thermal analysis and zeta potential results showed that HCl-extracted pectin had better stability than ChCl-MaA-extracted pectin. Additionally, HCl-extracted pectin had higher viscosity properties than two DESs-extracted pectins or commercial pectin (CP). Moreover, it was found that HCl-extracted pectin was in a colloid state, while two DESs-extracted pectins or CP were in a flow state. Ultrasound treatment significantly improved the yields of pectin/low-ester pectin. Additionally, ultrasound treatment remarkably decreased the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of the pectins extracted. The results were conducive to our understanding of the relationship between extraction conditions and physicochemical properties of the pectins extracted, which provides theoretical basis for the functional application of mango peel pectins in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Study on the SHP2-Mediated Mechanism of Promoting Spermatogenesis Induced by Active Compounds of Eucommiae Folium in Mice.

Spermatogenesis directly determines the reproductive capacity of male animals. With the development of society, the increasing pressure on people's lives and changes in the living environment, male fertility is declining. The leaf of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiae Folium, EF) was recorded in the 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia and was used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic. In recent years, EF has been reported to improve spermatogenesis, but the mechanisms of EF remain was poorly characterized. In this study, the effect of EF ethanol extract (EFEE) on spermatogenesis was tested in mice. Chemical components related to spermatogenesis in EF were predicted by network pharmacology. The biological activity of the predicted chemical components was measured by the proliferation of C18-4 spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and the testosterone secretion of TM3 leydig cells. The biological activity of chlorogenic acid (CGA), the active compound in EF, was tested in vivo. The cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. Testosterone secretion was detected by ELISA. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to detect the effect of key genes on cell biological activity. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyse the molecular mechanism of related biological activities. The results showed that EFEE and CGA could improve spermatogenesis in mice. Furthermore, the main mechanism was that CGA promoted SSC proliferation, self-renewal and Leydig cell testosterone secretion by promoting the expression of SHP2 and activating the downstream signaling pathways involved in these biological processes. This study provided strong evidence for elucidating the mechanism by which EF promotes the spermatogenesis in mice and a new theoretical basis for dealing with the decrease in male reproductive capacity.

Screening and identification of natural α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors from partridge tea (Mallotus furetianus Muell-Arg) and in silico analysis.

Partridge leaves (Mallotus furetianus Muell-Arg.) have long been consumed as popular folk substitute tea for treating hyperglycemia in China. In this study, the inhibiting effects of partridge tea extracts on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were investigated, and then effect of partridge tea aqueous extracts (PTAEs) on glucose consumption capacity of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes cells was determined. Results verified that PTAEs showed excellent anti-α-glucosidase and anti-α-amylase effects. In addition, the PTAEs evidently promoted glucose consumption capacity of 3T3L1 preadipocytes cells. To this end, a combined method of affinity ultrafiltration and HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS was used for rapidly screening and identifying the potential inhibitors in the PTAEs. Catechin, epicatechin, rutin, ferulic acid, and kaempferitrin with high affinity capacity indicated strong inhibiting effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Docking studies revealed the potential interactive mechanisms between these major inhibitors and two digestive enzymes. This research shows that partridge tea is effective in preventing and treating post hyperglycemia.

Acupuncture for cancer pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe cancer pain. METHODS: The development of this guideline was triggered by a systematic review published in JAMA Oncology in 2020. We searched databases and websites for evidence on patient preferences and values, and other resources of using acupuncture for treatment of cancer pain. Recommendations were developed through a Delphi consensus of an international multidisciplinary panel including 13 western medicine oncologists, Chinese medicine/acupuncture clinical practitioners, and two patient representatives. The certainty of evidence, patient preferences and values, resources, and other factors were fully considered in formulating the recommendations. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was employed to rate the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations. RESULTS: The guideline proposed three recommendations: (1) a strong recommendation for the treatment of acupuncture rather than no treatment to relieve pain in patients with moderate to severe cancer pain; (2) a weak recommendation for the combination treatments with acupuncture/acupressure to reduce pain intensity, decrease the opioid dose, and alleviate opioid-related side effects in moderate to severe cancer pain patients who are using analgesics; and (3) a strong recommendation for acupuncture in breast cancer patients to relieve their aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia. CONCLUSION: This proposed guideline provides recommendations for the management of patients with cancer pain. The small sample sizes of evidence limit the strength of the recommendations and highlights the need for additional research.

Extraction, purification, structural character and biological properties of propolis flavonoids: A review.

Propolis is an aromatic substance which is collected by bees and mixed with bee saliva. The plant sources of propolis are mainly consisted with plant exudates from bark, buds and etc. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely found in natural plants, which have a variety of health care functions and are the main active ingredients of propolis. This article summarized the types, active ingredients, pharmacological effects, extraction methods and applications of propolis flavonoids, the aim was to provide the theoretical basis for further research and development of propolis flavonoids.

Cytotoxic diaporindene and tenellone derivatives from the fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus.

Nine new compounds, including five natural rarely-occurring 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indene derivatives named diaporindenes E-I (1-5), and four new benzophenone analogues named tenellones J-M (6-9) were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508. All the structures for these new compounds were fully characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data, NMR spectra, and ECD calculation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential anti-tumor activities of compounds 1-9 against four tumor cell lines SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 were evaluated using the SRB method. Compound 7 exhibited cytotoxic activity against the SF-268 cell line with an IC50 value of 11.36 µmol·L-1.

Protective action of pomegranate peel polyphenols in type 2 diabetic rats via the translocation of Nrf2 and FoxO1 regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) in in vivo and in vitro rat models of T2DM. Our results showed that PPPs markedly improved the symptoms of diabetes, such as insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and pancreatic oxidative damage, which contributed to the attenuation of the symptoms of hyperglycemia in a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. On the one hand, PPPs promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, the key protein down-regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway, activating its downstream phase 2 antioxidant enzyme system. On the other hand, the positive effect was associated with another downstream protein of the PI3K/Akt pathway, FoxO1. With the activation of Akt phosphorylation, the phosphorylated FoxO1 protein transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, releasing the block of Pdx-1 and its downstream genes. The inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway was also studied in INS-1 cells in order to verify the mechanism observed in vivo. Altogether, we presented evidence that PPPs activated the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and resulted in increased antioxidant activity, and PPPs promoted the translocation of FoxO1 out of the nucleus resulting in an increase in insulin synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Pomegranate extracts may show great potential and application prospects as functional foods or preventive drugs to improve pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and provide a reference for future development in health care.

Nr5a homologues in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus: Alternative splicing, tissue-specific expression, and differential roles on the activation of cyp19a1a promoter in vitro.

Nr5a (Fushi tarazu factor 1, Ftz-F1) homologues belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, and are involved in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates. Four genes encoding Nr5a homologues were present in the genome of ricefield eel, which are designated as nr5a1a, nr5a1b, nr5a2, and nr5a5 in the present study. Alternatively spliced transcripts were identified for nr5a1a and nr5a1b genes. Sequence analysis indicated that nr5a5 is possibly a paralog of nr5a2, and nr5a1b is lost during evolution in some teleosts including tilapia and medaka. Ricefield eel nr5a genes exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns, with nr5a1a and nr5a1b resembling that of the SF-1/Ad4BP (NR5A1) subfamily, and nr5a2 and nr5a5 resembling that of the NR5A2/LRH/FTF subfamily. Transcriptomic analysis revealed parallel expression profiles of nr5a1a, foxl2, and cyp19a1a in ovarian follicles during vitellogenesis, with peak values at the late vitellogenic stage. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression levels of nr5a1a and foxl2 in gonads were decreased significantly during the sexual transition from female to the late intersexual stage. In vitro transient transfection assay showed that Nr5a1a up-regulated ricefield eel cyp19a1a promoter activities synergistically with Foxl2. However, Nr5a1b, Nr5a2, and Nr5a5 could neither activate ricefield eel cyp19a1a promoter alone nor enhance the stimulatory effects of Foxl2 on cyp19a1a promoter activities. Collectively, the above data suggest that Nr5a homologues may have diverse and differential roles in the tissues of ricefield eels. The up-regulation of gonadal nr5a1a and foxl2 during vitellogenesis may be important for the ovarian development whereas their down-regulation during the sexual transition period may be important for the sex change process of ricefield eels, possibly through the regulation of cyp19a1a gene expression.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of immunomodulatory compounds from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The fruits of Ligustrum lucidum (FLL) W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae) is included in the 2020 "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic. In recent years, FLL has been reported to improve immune function, but the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of FLL remain poorly characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY: To identify FFL compounds with strong immune activity and explore their molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages and proliferation activity of spleen lymphocytes were used to guide the isolation of bioactive compounds from FLL extracts. Lymphocyte subpopulations, Ca2+ concentrations, and surface molecule expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion was examined using ELISA. FITC-OVA uptake was observed using fluorescence microscopy. NF-κB activation was analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS: The extraction and isolation produced ten compounds, namely oleuropeinic acid, nuezhenide, isonuezhenide, salidroside, isoligustrosidic acid, ligulucidumosides A, 8(E)-nuezhenide, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and p-hydroxyphenethyl 7-ß-D-glucosideelenolic acid ester were isolated and identified from FLL-Bu-30%. Immunoactivity experiments showed that hydroxytyrosol had the strongest macrophage phagocytotic and lymphocyte proliferation-promoting activities. Further studies showed that hydroxytyrosol could significantly enhance lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD3+CD4-CD8-, promote IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α secretion, and increase intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. In addition, the results from RAW264.7 macrophages showed that hydroxytyrosol increased FITC-OVA uptake, induced TNF-α and IL-1ß production, upregulated MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 expression, promoted cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation, and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 levels. CONCLUSION: Our study provides substantial evidence regarding the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects of compounds from FLL.

An experimental study on the use of a sequencing-batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) for the treatment of mixed municipal wastewater.

Several water treatment techniques have been combined using the sequencing batch reactor with the membrane bioreactor for addressing water pollution. However, cleaning of the membrane is dependent on the approach involved as well as the operating conditions. In the present study, the sequencing-batch membrane bioreactor was used to treat real mixed municipal wastewater. The pollutant removal and membrane filtration performances were examined. The results show that the average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, NH3-N, total phosphorus, and turbidity were 90.75, 63.52, 92.85, 87.58, and 99.48%, respectively, when the system was in continuous operation for 95 days. The membrane had a significant effect on COD and turbidity removal and provided stable performances for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. By observing the appearance of the membrane modules before and after the cleaning operation, it was concluded that the deposited sludge and granular sediment on the membrane surface can be effectively removed by hydraulic cleaning. In addition, recovery of membrane filtration performance to 60% of that of a new membrane can be achieved. Furthermore, we found that different sequences and duration of cleaning have different effects on the recovery of membrane filtration performance.