Effects of yeast culture supplementation and the ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat on growth performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs.

The effects of yeast culture (YC) supplementation and the dietary ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat (NSCFR) on growth performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in lambs were determined in a 2 × 3 full factorial experiment. Thirty-six Small-tailed Han lambs were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates per group. The lambs were fed one of the six pelleted total mixed rations (TMRs) for 60 days after 15 adaption days. The six rations were formed by two NSCFRs (11.37 and 4.57) and three YC supplementation levels (0, 0.8 and 2.3 g/kg dietary dry matter). The average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) data of each lamb were recorded and calculated. All the lambs were slaughtered for determining carcass traits and fatty acid profile of the LD muscle. DMI was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a quadratic fashion with 0.8 g/kg of YC supplementation. Carcass weight (CW) and dressing percentage (DP) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a linear fashion with 2.3 g/kg of YC supplementation. Animals fed with high-NSCFR diet had higher (p < 0.05) contents of myristoleic acid (C14:1), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and cis-10-heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), and lower (p < 0.05) stearic acid (C18:0) content in LD muscle than those fed with low-NSCFR diet. Moreover, ADG, growth rate (GR), backfat thickness (BFT), percentages of crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP), SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs in LD muscle, were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by interaction of dietary NSCFR and supplemental YC level. Overall, YC not only improved the growth performance and carcass traits of the animals but also modified the fatty acid profile of the LD muscle. Furthermore, the effects of YC supplementation may depend on dietary compositions.

[Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on the recovery of hindlimb movement afterspinal cord injury in rats and its mechamism].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different doses of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on hindlimb motor function and spinal cord tissue structure in rats with spinal cord injury. The study will provide theoretical and experimental evidences for acetyl-L-carnitine's clinical treatment. METHODS: Fifty-five SD rats aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into high, medium and low-dose drug intervention (SCI + ALC) group, injury group (SCI) and sham group for behavioral evaluation, MAD and SOD detection, as well as HPLC detection and HE staining. BBB scores and Rivlin experiments were performed to evaluate hindlimb motor function in each group. The morphology and structure of spinal cord tissue was detected by HE staining. Another 9 rats were randomly divided into Sham group, SCI group and ALC group for TUMEL detection of apoptosis. RESULTS: The BBB scores of the high, medium, and low dose SCI+ALC groups were significantly higher than those in the SCI group. The medium and high-dose ALC groups had significant differences (P＜0.01), and the hindlimb motor function was significantly improved in rats. The maximum tilt angle of the Rivlin experiment was observed. The SCI+ALC group had a significantly increased angle compared with the SCI group (P＜0.05), the medium and high-dose ALC group had a significant difference (P＜0.01). Compared with the SCI group, the tissue structure of ALC high-dose group was improved significantly, the number of inflammatory cells and red blood cells was decreased, and the nucleolus of the nerve cells was unclear. The SOD activity of the SCI+ALC group was significantly higher than that of the SCI group, while the MDA content was significantly decreased(P＜0.05), the middle and high dose ALC groups were significantly different (P＜0.01). HPLC chromatogram showed that the SCI+ALC fresh serum sample and the ALC standard solution had the same absorption spectrum at 260 nm, while the Sham group and SCI group serum samples did not show spectral values there, which indicated that the same substance as the standard existed in the sample of SCI+ALC group. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis signal was occasionally seen in the sham group, and the apoptosis signal was significantly decreased in the ALC high-dose group compared with the SCI group(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: ALC can promote the recovery of hindlimb motor function in rats with spinal cord injury, inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, and repair the damaged spinal cord tissue.

Chemical properties and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Dendrobium officinale.

In this report, a water-soluble polysaccharide was obtained from the dried stems of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo by hot-water (70-75°C) extraction and 85% ethanol precipitation, and successively purification by DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography. The D. officinale polysaccharide (DOP) has a molecular weight of 8500Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis reveals that DOP is composed of mannose, glucose, and arabinose with a trace of galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 6.2:2.3:2.1:0.1. Periodate oxidation-smith degradation and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy analysis suggest the predominance of mannose and glucose, and it contains a 2-O-acetylglucomannan and (1→4)-linked-ß-d-mannopyranosyl and (1→4)-linked-ß-d-glucopyranosyl residues. Atomic force microscope shows that DOP mainly exists as rod-shaped chains, supporting high degrees of polymerization. The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide in vitro assay indicate that DOP has good scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, higher scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical, and metal chelating activities.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of neonatal hearing screening program in China: should universal screening be prioritized?

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hearing screening (NHS) has been routinely offered as a vital component of early childhood care in developed countries, whereas such a screening program is still at the pilot or preliminary stage as regards its nationwide implementation in developing countries. To provide significant evidence for health policy making in China, this study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of NHS program implementation in case of eight provinces of China. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness model was conducted and all neonates annually born from 2007 to 2009 in eight provinces of China were simulated in this model. The model parameters were estimated from the established databases in the general hospitals or maternal and child health hospitals of these eight provinces, supplemented from the published literature. The model estimated changes in program implementation costs, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for universal screening compared to targeted screening in eight provinces. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A multivariate sensitivity analysis was performed to determine uncertainty in health effect estimates and cost-effectiveness ratios using a probabilistic modeling technique. Targeted strategy trended to be cost-effective in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Henan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hebei, Shandong, and Beijing from the level of 9%, 9%, 8%, 4%, 3%, 7%, 5%, and 2%, respectively; while universal strategy trended to be cost-effective in those provinces from the level of 70%, 70%, 48%, 10%, 8%, 28%, 15%, 4%, respectively. This study showed although there was a huge disparity in the implementation of the NHS program in the surveyed provinces, both universal strategy and targeted strategy showed cost-effectiveness in those relatively developed provinces, while neither of the screening strategy showed cost-effectiveness in those relatively developing provinces. This study also showed that both strategies especially universal strategy achieve a good economic effect in the long term costs. CONCLUSIONS: Universal screening might be considered as the prioritized implementation goal especially in those relatively developed provinces of China as it provides the best health and economic effects, while targeted screening might be temporarily more realistic than universal screening in those relatively developing provinces of China.

[Study on optimal harvest time of Erigeron breviscapus].

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the optimal harvest time of Erigeron breviscapus. METHOD: The dry matter weight accumulation of different organs in growth process and contents of scutellarin and coffeic acid ester in whole plant of E. breviscapus were determined. RESULT: The number of leaves per plant, the dried weight of single leaf and dry matter weight of whole plant and different organs reached the highest after seedling 130-140 d. The content of scutellarin gradually decreased with growth period, and sharply decreased after seedling 140 d. The content of coffeic acid ester varied irregularly with growth period. CONCLUSION: The optimal harvest time of E. breviscapus is in early bloom period after seedling 130 d.