[Nucleosides-based identification model for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus].

A high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method was established for the fast,and precise determination of ten nucleosides in Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its counterfeits. Then multivariate statistical analyses,such as clustering analysis,principal component analysis( PCA),and Fisher' s linear discriminant analysis( LDA),were conducted to establish a discriminant function model for an integrated analysis. The results indicated that data acquisition time of a single sample was shortened within 16 min by the HPLC method. In the range of 5-1 000 mg·kg~(-1),the mass concentrations of all nucleosides exhibited good linear relationships with the corresponding peak areas( R2> 0. 999). The spiked recoveries were in the range of 93. 83%-108. 9% with RSDs of0. 12%-1. 3%( n = 5). The limit of quantitation( LOQ) was 0. 98-4. 13 mg·kg~(-1). As revealed by the clustering analysis,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and the counterfeits could be discriminated into two clusters based on the content of nucleosides. Fisher's LDA could achieve this discrimination,while PCA dimension reduction failed. The accuracy of the discriminant function model established on the screened characteristic indicators reached 97. 5%. The present study proposed a new identification method of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus with one-dimensional indicators,which is simple,accurate,and reliable. It can provide a scientific basis for further optimizing the identification techniques for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and inspiration for quality control strategy development of Chinese medicinal materials.

[Ningmitai Capsules relieve lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia : A short-term clinical observation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect and safety of the Chinese patent medicine Ningmitai Capsules (NMT) in relieving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We randomly assigned 40 BPH patients to an experimental and a control group of equal number to receive oral administration of NMT at 4 capsules tid and terazosin hydrochloride tablets at 2 mg qd, respectively, both for 14 days. At 7 and 14 days after medication, we recorded and compared the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) scores, results of urinalysis and blood routine examination, and indexes of hepatic and renal function. RESULTS: Both NMT and terazosin significantly improved the total IPSS score, the IPSS scores in the storage and voiding phases, increased Qmax and urine output, reduced post-void residual urine (PVR), and improved the QoL of the patients. The patients of the NMT group showed a better relief of incomplete bladder emptying, more improved QoL and fewer adverse reactions, while those treated with terazosin achieved a better attenuation of weak urine stream and PVR. CONCLUSIONS: NMT is safe and effective in relieving LUTS in BPH patients. Each of NMT and terazosin has its own advantages in attenuating urinary tract irritation and obstruction, but whether their combination may produce a better effect on LUTS and the specific mechanisms of NMT improving acute symptoms of BPH are yet to be further studied.

[Measuring fatty acid concentration in maize grain by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy].

The fatty acid concentrations in maize grain were analyzed with a set of 294 samples including normal inbred lines, high-oil inbred lines and high-oil recombinant inbred lines (RIL). The method of partial least squares (PLS) regression with internal cross validation was employed to develop the measuring models of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for concentrations of four major fatty acids, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, as well as oil concentration in maize grain. The NIRS models were accurate for oleic acid, linoleic acid and oil concentrations. The determination coefficients of these models in cross validation were 0.89, 0.88 and 0.91, respectively; the determination coefficients in external validation were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.92, respectively; and the ratio of standard deviation (SD) to root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) in both calibration and external validation sets (RSC(P)) was higher than 2.5. But the models for palmitic and stearic acid concentrations were not accurate enough with determination coefficients in cross validation and external validation lower than 0.80, and RSC(P) lower than 2.5. Further practical validation showed that the predicted results by using NIRS models for oleic acid, linoleic acid and oil concentrations were accurate and reliable, which will be a useful approach to the measurement of a large number of breeding samples during genetic improvement of oil quality and quantity in maize.